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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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20212
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Subject: Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DETECTION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS)
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2021-08-30) PUNYA M S; Shyma V. H
    Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) has emerged as a major threat to the survival of endangered Asian elephant population. Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infection in Asian elephants is an acute fatal haemorrhagic disease primarily affecting juvenile Asian elephants. The present study was proposed to confirm the presence of EEHV infection in Asian elephants and identification of the chronically infected shedders which will help in controlling the spread of disease among elephant population. A total of 31 elephants presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, and those under private ownership (Thrissur districts), temples and Department of Forests and Wildlife, Kerala from Thiruvananthapuram, Pathanamthitta and Ernakulam during 2019- 2020 were included in this study. The animals were subjected to physical examination and assessment of haemato-biochemical parameters. The faecal examination revealed strongyle ova in 22.7 per cent cases and strongyloides ova and larva in 9.7 per cent cases. Trunk wash samples were collected for PCR. Out of 31 samples, one yielded positive for EEHV and EEHV1 genotype. Sequencing of the positive PCR product confirmed amplicon similarity to EEHV1. The remaining 30 elephants failed to give the amplicons for EEHV. Haemato-biochemical studies revealed leukopenia, lymphocytosis and hypoalbuminemia in the affected animal. Post mortem samples of two elephants from Nilambur forest were subjected to PCR and not found to have the amplicons of EEHV.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AETIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF THEILERIOSIS IN GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, 2021-12-30) MEENU MANOHAR; Justin Davis K.
    Goat farming is a major source of income to the marginal farmers in Kerala. Theileriosis is an important haemoparasitic disease of goats which causes serious economic losses to farmers. There is a paucity of information on caprine theileriosis and its clinico-therapeutic aspects in Kerala. The present study envisages the identification of aetiological agent, clinical, haemato-biochemical alterations associated with the disease and assessment of the efficacy of the therapeutic protocols adopted. A total of one hundred goats presented to Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Hospitals at Mannuthy and Kokkalai and also those belonging to organized farms and house-holds in and around Thrissur district, with clinical signs suggestive of theileriosis like anaemia, fever, lymphadenopathy, cough and nasal discharge were screened by blood smear examination using field stain and acridine orange stain. Out of these one hundred goats 62 per cent were positive for theileriosis, 15 per cent for anaplasmosis and three percent with combined infection of theileria and anaplsama. Twenty five goats were selected from theileria positive goats for the further study. Deoxyribonucleic acid were extracted from blood samples and genus specific amplicon of size 1089 bp were given by all smear positive samples in PCR. Further species specific PCR revealed 12 (48 per cent) goats were positive for T. luwenshuni among the 25 goats. The amplified product with T. ovis/lestoquardi primer were analysed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and identified T. ovis in nine goats (36 per cent) out of 25 goats. Mixed infection of T. ovis and T. luwenshuni could be detected in four goats (16 per cent) among the 25 goats. Major clinical signs observed were anaemia, fever, lymph node enlargement, anorexia and respiratory distress. Haemato-biochemical analysis revealed macrocytic hypochromic anaemia with low Hb, Volume of Packed Red Cells (VPRC), platelet, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC) and hyperproteinaemia with hyperglobulinaemia in the affected goats. Eighteen goats which were positive for theileria were divided into three groups at random, and each group was assigned with specific therapeutic protocol. Group I was treated with a combination of buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg per kg I/M and oxytetracycline dihydrate @ 20 mg per kg I/M, Group II with combination of buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg per kg I/M and marbofloxacin @ 2 mg per kg I/M and Group III with buparvaquone @ 1.25 mg per kg I/M and imidocarb @ 0.6 mg per kg I/M. Efficacy of the treatment was assessed by examination of blood smear after 48 h and 7 days post therapy. Resolution of clinical signs was also considered as an indicator of recovery and efficacy of the protocol. Statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between the efficacy of three treatment. However all the animals in Group I had recovered by day seven, whereas recovery rate was 50 per cent for Group II goats and 66.6 per cent for Group III goats. Hence this study suggests that treatment protocol used in the Group I could be used as a treatment of choice for caprine theileriosis.