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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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20161
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Subject: Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology × Author: MARY VIJAYA × End date: 2023 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VACCINATION – POST VACCINAL SEROCONVERSION IN CAPTIVE ASIAN ELEPHANTS (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS INDICUS)
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2016) MARY VIJAYA; Vinodkumar K
    The present study was undertaken to determine the dosage of oil-adjuvant trivalent Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine sufficient to develop protective antibody titre in adult healthy elephants, persistence of post-vaccinal antibody titre and to recommend a vaccination protocol against FMD in elephants. A total of 18 captive elephants under the custodianship of Department of Forests and Wildlife, Temples and private individuals from Thrissur, Ernakulam, Kollam and Trivandrum districts formed the materials for study. The owners were advised to provide uniform management to the animals as far as possible. Health status of the elephants was ensured prior to vaccinations by clinical examination and assessment of haemato-biochemical parameters. Presence of haemoparasites and gastro-intestinal parasites were ruled out by microscopic examination of blood smears and fecal samples. The animals were divided into three groups of six each and were subjected to prophylactic vaccination with three different doses i.e., six mL, eight mL and 10 mL of oil-adjuvant trivalent FMD vaccine (Raksha O vac Trivalent). Sera samples from the day of vaccination and 15th, 30th and 180th day post vaccination (dpv) were collected and subjected to Liquid Phase Blocking (LPB) ELISA to determine the development of antibody titre against FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia-1. All the animals had non-protective titre against the three serotypes on day zero. Protective titres developed against all three serotypes on 30 dpv which declined gradually by 180 dpv in all elephants irrespective of the dose of the vaccine. None of the animals had protective titre by 180 dpv. It is concluded that six mL of vaccine is enough to produce protective titre in elephants against FMD. Further research is needed to study about the persistence of protective antibody titre following vaccination against FMD in Asian elephants.