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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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1991 - 19999
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Subject: Poultry Science × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1990 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES ON SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND HAEMOGLOBIN IN TWO STRAINS OF WHITE LEGHORN
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1997) SANKARALINGAM, S.; Unni, A.K.K; SANKARALINGAM, S.
    The present investigation was undertaken to identify the Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP) and haemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism and also aimed to find their association with production, egg quality and reproduction. Four hundred and ninety seven hens of two different strains of White Leghorn Viz. IWP (168 and 100) and IWN (129 and 100) belonging to SI5 and SI6 generations, respectively were typed by Horizontal Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). Two phenotypes. Fast and Slow were determined. Higher frequencies of Fast phenotype were observed in IWP strain (0.66 and 0.58) than IWN strain (0.15 and 0.24) in both SI5 and SI6 generations, respectively. Hundred hens each of IWP and IWN strains were tested for haemoglobin polymorphism with Agar gel electrophoresis, which revealed no polymorphism. Two alleles namely Akp'' and Akp® with two phenotypes Fast and Slow were identified as SAP locus. Akp"" allele had the frequency of 0.42 and 0.35 in IWP strain and 0.08 and 0.13 in IWN strain of SI 5 and SI6 generations, respectively. Different matings between Fast and Slow moving types revealed that the Fast band is determined by an autosomal completely dominant gene over Slow band bird. The mean SAP level for the F and S birds revealed that the SAP activity was more in F type birds (97.54 and 88.96 KA units per 100ml serum) than that of S type birds (93.03 and 68.24 KA units per 100ml serum) in both IWP and IWN strains respectively. The association between SAP types and egg quality traits revealed no significant difference between them except shell thickness. The eggs from F type birds had significantly higher shell thickness than 8 type in IWP and IWN strains of White Leghorn. Correlation between different SAP type matings and reproduction traits revealed that the fertility of F x F and F x S matings were highest followed by S x S and S x F. The hatchability (on fertile egg set) was high in F X F followed by F x S and S x F. the least hatchability was observed in S X S cross. The findings tend to conclude that the birds having gene Akp*" perform better in respect of egg production, egg quality and reproduction traits. The egg production at the later stage of life was found to be high in F type birds and hence it is desirable to follow selection on extended testing periods than relying on 40 weeks egg records.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF CERTAIN LITTER MATERIALS ON BROILER PERFORMANCE
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1999) SINI THOMAS; Amritha Viswanath, Amritha Viswanath; SINI THOMAS
    An experiment was designed and conducted at the Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy to evaluate the efficacy oi different litter materials on the performance of broilexs under hot-humid conditions of Kerala. Two hundred and ten, one-day old straight-run commerical broiler chicks were reared for a period of eight weeks. The birds were allotted into five different litter treatment groups, viz., wood shavings (TJ which formed the control group, saw dust (T,), rice husk (T,), coir pith (TJ and paddy chaff (T,), each comprising of three replicates with fourteen birds each. Standard broiler starter and finisher rations were formulated as per BIS (1992) specifications for the broilers. The chicks were reared under standard managemental conditions upto eight weeks of age. Results of the study revealed that body weight and body weight gain were not influenced by different litter treatment s throughout the experimental period. Eventhough feed (-otisumption and feed efficiency were influenced by litter mat erials during the initial periods, there cjos tto impact for the rest of the experimental period. Processing yields and ]< sses were not affected by different litter treatments. Litter quality parameters like weight of the litter at the b«;>ginning and end of the experiment, weekly moisture content. fortnightly ammonia-nitrogen content, nitrogen-phosphoruspotassium content, litter pH and proximate composition of the l i tter at the beginning, at sixth week and eighth week were significantly different (P<0.01) between different treatment groups. It was observed that eventhough there was significant difference (P<0.05) between treatment groups for mortality by fourth week of age, no significant difference was obtained for all other periods. Cost-benefit analysis revealed that net [uofit per bird by sixth week and eighth week of age was more for litter materials, viz., saw dust, rice husk, coir pith and paudy chaff than wood shavings. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that different litter materials, viz., saw dust, rice husk, coir pith and paddy chaff are equally good for broiler raising as wood shavings during the month of January through March in Kerala.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    THE INFLUENCE OF PULLET BODY WEIGHT ON PRODUCTION TRAITS IN WHITE LEGHORNS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1995) SUDHEESH KUMAR, A. S.; LEO JOSEPH; SUDHEESH KUMAR, A. S.
    A study was carried out at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Poultry for eggs, Mannuthy, to evaluate the influence of pullet body weight on egg production performance in Lwm iwrs trains of White Leghorn. The experimental birds consisted of six body weight classes starting from 1000 g with a class interval of 100 g. Body weight at 20 weeks of age was Cosidered as pullet body weight. The observations recorded were body weight at 20 and 40 weeks of age, age at first egg, hen housed number and per cent, egg weight at 32 and 40 weeks of age, livability and egg quality traits. The mean pullet body weight was 13 04.7±4 g in IWN strain and 1335.2±3.5 g in IWP strain. Age at sexual maturity lowered as pullet body weight increased. A higher egg number was observed in heavier body weight classes. The peak production was delayed in lower body weight classes. Though egg weight at 32 weeks of age did not vary significantly among classes, higher egg weight at 40 weeks was recorded in heavier classes. Birds which were heavier at 20 weeks of age were also heavier at 40 weeks of age. But the gain in weight was lesser for higher body weight classes. The classes were livability and egg quality parameters. The results revealed that an optimum pullet body weight is an important requirement for IWN and IWP strains. Birds with pullet body weight below 1200 g were poor in most of the production traits in both IWN and IWP strains and therefore may be culled. Optimum managemental conditions may be provided during growing period to enable the pullets to attain good pullet body weight.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN 'F' STRAIN OF WHITE LEGHORN
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY, 1995) BEENA C. JOSEPH; PEETHAMBARAN, P A
    A study was carried out with *F' strain of White Leghorn maintained at University Poultry Farm, Mannuthy in order to evaluate the production potential of the particular strain based on the part year performance. At the age of 18 weeks, 400 pullets belonging to four consecutive hatches were taken and housed in 100 multiple-bird cages of identical size at the rate of four hens per cage at random. Feed and water were given ad lib and the managemental practices were uniform for all cages. The production performance as well as meteorological observations were studied for five, 28-day periods from 21 to 40 weeks of age during the period from February through August 1994. Body weight at 20 and 40 weeks of age were recorded individually and the respective mean values were found out to be 944.0518.86 g and 1346.67112.19 g. The first egg in each cage was recorded and the mean age at first egg was 174.6710.95 days. The mean ages at 10 and 50 per cent production in the flock were 178 and 196.5 days respectively. These values indicated very late maturity in the strain. The egg production was recorded as 56.73 eggs with 40.52 per cent on hen-housed basis and 57.09 eggs with 40.79 per cent on hen-day basis. The peak production was obtained at 32 weeks of age. The mean daily feed consumption was worked out as 93.83 g per bird. Feed efficiency worked out in terms of dozen eggs and kilogram egg mass were 2.81 and 5.01 respectively. Egg weight at last three days in each period were individually recorded and the overall mean egg weight for 21 to 40 weeks of age was 46.21 g. The total egg mass out put in the flock upto 40 weeks of age was 1044.07 kg with an average output of 2.61 kg per hen housed. Livability was found to be excellent (95.5 per cent) in the strain. The mean of the maximum and minimum temperature recorded in the experimental house were 32.5°C and 26.12°C respectively. The mean per cent relative humidity was 76.67 in the F.N. and 69.18 in the A.N. On analysis of results, it was found that the body weight, egg production, feed consumption and egg weight are considerably low in this strain. There was poor uniformity in pullet body weight and also in age at sexual maturity. These traits can be improved if independent culling levels are fixed for body weight as well as for minimum rate of lay per bird. This strain can be improved further by applying selection for body weight at 20 weeks of age.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SODIUM SULPHATE SUPPLEMENTATION IN LAYER DIET
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1998) VIDHYADHARAN., P.; Amritha Viswanath; VIDHYADHARAN., P.
    An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sodium sulphate in White Leghorn layer diets devoid of animal protein sources. White Leghorn "F' strain pullets of 20 weeks of age were wing banded and randomly distributed to five different dietary treatment groups, each with eight replicates of four birds each. The dietary treatment consisted of control ration (TJ prepared using unsalted dried fish as animal protein source, all vegetable protein diet with the addition of 300 g DL-methionine (TJ , all vegetable protein diet with the addition of anhydrous sodium sulphate at the levels of 200 g (Tj) , 300 g (TJ and 400 g (Ts) in every 100 kg of diet. All the rations were formulated as per BIS (1992) specification of nutrients for layer chicken. Soyabean cake, groundnut cake and gingelly oil cake were used as protein sources in vegetable protein diet. Body weight at 20 and 48 weeks of age, age at sexual maturity, egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency, egg weight, livability and cost-benefit analysis were the major criteria considered for the evaluation. The data were recorded for seven, 28 day periods. There was significant difference in body weight at 48 weeks of age (P<0.05) . Body weight of birds fed with standard layer ration (TJ and birds fed with 0.4 per cent sodium sulphate were significantly (P<0.0'^) higher than those birds fed with 0.3 per cent sodium sulphate (TJ supplemented diet. But body weight of birds fed with standard layer ration (Id was comparable with body weight of birds fed with vegetable protein diet having 0.4 per cent sodium sulphate (Td • Similar trend was followed in egg weight also, with significantly higher egg weight in treatment group fed with 0.4 per cent sodium sulphate (Td • Egg weight of birds fed with standard layer ration (Td was comparable with 1 (PcO.Ol). But parameters like age at sexual maturity, hen-day and hen-housed egg production and feed efficiency were not affected by the supplementation of Sodium Sulphate. Feed intake showed significant (P<0.01) difference between dietary treatments. The group fed with 0.3 per cent methionine (Td had significantly lower feed intake in comparison with 0.2 per cent (T3) and 0.3 per cent sodium sulphate (TJ supplemented group. Feed intake of birds fed with control diet (Fd wa;- statistically comparable with all treatment groups except those birds fed with vegetable protein diet with 0.4 per cent sodium sulphate (Td . Mortality pattern showed no difference among the five dietary treatments tested. All vegetable protein ration prepared with the addition of either methionine or sodium sulphate had higher price when compared with standard layer ration. Based on this study it was surmised that sodium sulphate supplementation did not have any deleterious effect on production performance of White Leghorn layers. So methionine or sodium sulphate can be effectively utilized in formulation of all vegetable layer ration when scarcity of fish occurs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF HOUSING SYSTEMS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS IN SUMMER
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 1991-10-09) JOHN JACOB, E; Peethambaran, P.A
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF HOUSING SYSTEM ON PROTEIN ANO ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF WHITE LEGHORN
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Trissur, 1991-12-11) ANITHA, P; JALALUDEEN, A
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIETARY PROTEIN AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF DUCKS FOR GROWTH
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Trissur, 1991-11-11) PEETHAMBARAN, P. A; RAMAKRISHNAN, A
    A detailed study was undertaken to establish the dietary protein and energy requirements of ducks for growth and also to ascertain the optimum age at slaughter in white pekin ducks. An attempt was made to study the general trend of growth in pekin ducks fed with different levels of protein and energy. An exhaustive review of literature has been presented on the effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth and associated traits in pekin ducks.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    REQUIREMENT OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY FOR BROILERS DURING SUMMER SEASON
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Trichur, 1992-09-04) AMRITHA, VISWANATH; RAMAKRISHNAN, A
    An experiment was designed and conducted to establish the requirements of protein and energy for broilers during the summer season in the hot and humid atmosphere of Kerala. Four trials were conducted in a span of two years. In each trial the following energy-protein combinations at starter, and subsequent finisher diets were tested in a completely randomised design. Treatment Starter Finisher Diet 1 22% CP:2900 Real ME/kg 19% CP:3000 Real ME/kg Diet 2 24% CP:2900 Real ME/kg 19% CP:2900 Real ME/kg Diet 3 26% CP:2900 Real ME/kg 19% CP:3000 Real ME/kg Diet 4 26% CP;2900 Real ME/kg 19% CP:2900 Real ME/kg Trials corresponding to the same period for the two years were pooled and the results were presented as Period A (started in early summer and ended in peak summer) and Period B (started in peak summer and ended in late summer). Except for the difference in nutrient intake, all the management practices followed were uniform for the different trials and treatment groups. Feed and water were given ad lib- The chicks were fed with starter diet upto six weeks of age and finisher diet upto eighth week of age. Results of the study revealed that body weight at eighth week of age was not influenced by different energy protein levels in the diet during both Period A and Period B. But difference between periods was statistically (P < 0.01) significant. Broiler chicks reared during Period A showed significantly lower mean body weight at eight week than Period B. Dietary combination of 22:2900 in the starter and 19:3000 in the finisher stage upto eight weeks of age was found to be optimum for growth of broilers in summer months in Kerala. Body weight gain was not influenced by the dietary treatments and by periods upto sixth week of age. Thereafter body weight gain was influenced by season. Broiler chicks reared during Period B showed higher body weight gain than Period A. Maximum body weight gain was recorded at fifth week of age in both Period A and Period B. Feed consumption was not affected by dietary treatments in both Period A and Period B, but was significantly affected by periods at seventh and eighth week of age. Feed efficiency was also not affected by different dietary treatments upto eight weeks of age. Broiler chicks reared during Period A showed poorer feed efficiency from sixth week onwards. Processing yields and lossesf per cent abdominal fat and per cent body fat were not affected by dietary treatments or periods. Bio-chemical parameters like haemoglobin value and plasma protein value (g per cent) were not affected by different dietary treatments or periods. Per cent liver fat estimated as ether extract was significantly lower (P < 0.01) during Period B than Period A. Fat constants such as Iodine Value and Saponification Value were not affected by different energy protein levels of the diet. Mortality was not affected by different dietary treatments or periods. From the overall results of the study it is concluded that commercial broilers grown in the climatic condition of Kerala, require 22 per cent crude protein and 2900 Kcal ME/kg in the starter diet coupled with 19 per cent crude protein and 3000 Kcal ME/kg in the finisher diets. Manipulation of dietary protein and/or energy have little effect in alleviating poor growth rate in broilers observed