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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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Subject: Microbiology × Author: ASHTAMY M. G. × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILING OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM CORNEAL ULCERS IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2023-01-28) ASHTAMY M. G.; Dr. Binu K. Mani
    Corneal ulcers are one of the most frequent and painful ophthalmic conditions in dogs. Companion animals act as a source for transfer of AMR genes among bacteria between animals and humans. Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health threat, which is mainly due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics for a prolonged period of time. The present study deals with the isolation and identification of bacteria from corneal ulcers in dogs and their assessment of antibiotic resistance pattern by phenotypic and genotypic methods.The conjunctival swab samples collected from 15 dogs tested positive for corneal ulcers, were inoculated on to brain heart infusion agar and blood agar and incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 24 h. Out of the 15 samples, 18 isolates could be obtained with 12 as pure culture and three as mixed cultures, each with two types of colonies. The isolates were identified by their cultural characteristics on selective media, morphology, staining reactions and biochemical tests. The predominant isolates were Gram positive bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus (five), Corynebacterium (five) and Streptococcus (two). The rest of the six solates were Gram negative bacteria, viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two), Klebsiella pneumoniae (two), Escherichia coli (one) and Neisseria spp. (one). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to quinolone group while only three of them were resistant to chloramphenicol. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the genes,mecA, ermC, aac(6’)-aph(2”) and cat for resistance against methicillin, erythromycin, aminoglycoside and chloramphenicol, respectively and mutation in gyrA for resistance against quinolones, among the bacterial isolates. The mecAcould be detected in four, ermC in three and aac(6’)-aph(2”) in seven isolates.Out of seven isolates which amplified gyrA, the representative sample which was sequenced, revealed single point mutation. The mutation detected was silent, since it did not change any amino acid pattern. The cat gene could not be detected in any of the isolates.