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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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2000 - 20055
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Subject: Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF ASCITES IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2005) JEGAVEERA PANDIAN. S.; Usha Narayana Pillai
    Study entitled "Clinical and Ultrasonographic Investigation of Ascites in ■ Dogs" was conducted in ten dogs. The study aimed at understanding the etiopathogenesis of ascites in dogs. The parameters observed were signalment, history and detailed clinical examination, electrocardiography, ultrasonography of liver, kidney and heart, course of illness, estimation of haemoglobin concentration packed cell volume(PCV), total plasma protein, albumin. A: G ratio, liver enzymes like alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protein content in ascitic fluid , ascitic fluid to plasma protein ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, sodium and potassium. Inappetance and lethargy were observed in dogs with liver diseases. Cardiac palpitation, loud heart sounds and strong femoral pulse were noticed in dogs with CHF. Non- specific and vague signs were noticed in dogs with nephrotic syndrome. Deep 'Q' waves in leads I, II and aVF, prolonged 'QRS' duration, S-T slurring, tall 'R' waves, mild sinus arrhythmia and Si, S2 and S3 pattern were the abnormal EGG findings in dogs with CHF. No marked changes could be observed in the ECG of dogs with ascites of hepatic and renal origin. Ultrasonography of liver revealed hyperechogenicity of parenchyma, specks of hyperechogenicity and mildly echogenic gall bladder contents in three out of five dogs with ascites of hepatic origin. Two dogs had uneven and eroded borders along with hyperechoic liver parenchyma in dogs with ascites of hepatic origin. Nephrosonogram was unremarkable in all the ten dogs. Ultrasonographic findings and serum biochemical findings were coinciding with each other. Ultrasonography was an efficient tool in studying the changes of liver parenchyma and portal vasculature. ECG in cardiac diseases was complementary to echocardiography. Echocardiography was efficient in diagnosing DCM (two dogs) and HCM (one dog). All the dogs with liver diseases had mild to marked elevation in serum levels of ALT and/ or ALP. Hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in dogs with liver and kidney diseases. Liver and kidney function tests were umemarkable in dogs with nephrotic syndrome and heart diseases. Treatment regimen involved administration of furosemide and/ or furosemide + spironolactone, silymarin, Liv- 52 Vet, enalapril, digoxin and prednisolone as the case may be. Six out of 10 dogs survived beyond 30 days following the therapy instituted. Nephrotic syndrome in dogs could be concluded by progressing hypoproteinemia especially hypoalbuminemia, low- protein ascites, negative ECG and echocardiographic findings and non- responsiveness to therapy. Nephrotic syndrome can be confirmed by biopsy and / or urine protein: creatinine ratio. Liver diseases can be confirmed and characterized only with biopsy.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY OF VOMITING IN DOGS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2001) MURALY, P.; . Baby, P.G
    The study "INVESTIGATIONS ON ETIO-PATHOLOGY OF Vomiting in Dogs" was conducted in 20 dogs to evaluate ultrasonography and radiography as diagnostic tools in vomiting dogs; to assess hydration status, electrolyte and acid-base balance in vomiting dogs and to correlate clinico-pathologic findings with radiographic and ultrasonographic changes. Various parameters such as history, physical examination, hydration status, ultrasonography, radiography-plain and contrast, haematology, serum biochemistry, and wherever possible histopathology were studied. Most of the dogs under study had bile stained watery vomitus but dogs with pyloric stenosis had frothy or watery white vomitus. The frequency of vomiting in dogs with gastritis and gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction was two to seven times per day, it was variable in dogs with hepatic and renal disorders, but was associated with food intake in dogs with pyloric stenosis. Physical examination was found useful in dogs with GI obstruction, while it was non-specific in dogs with gastritis and renal disorders. Capillary refill time (CRT) and degree of sunken eye balls were helpful to assess dehydration. Estimation of volume of packed red cells (VPRC) was found beneficial to assess dehydration unless the dogs are anemic. Ultrasonography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, but was useful to detect GI obstructions due to pyloric stenosis, intussusception and foreign body and to characterise lesions in the parenchymal organs like liver and kidney. While plain radiographs could give indication to possible non-radiopaque GI obstructions, contrast radiography was required to confirm. Radiography could not identify any lesions in dogs with gastritis, hepatic and chronic intestitial nephritis. Hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis was the significant electrolyte and acid-base derangement in dogs with vomiting due to gastritis and GI obstructions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON MYCOTIC DERMATITIS IN CATTLE
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE,MANNUTHY, 2000) ARUN RAPHAEL, P; Jayakumar, K M
    A study was designed in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy to understand the occurrence and etiology of various dermatological problems in cattle. Clinico-pathological changes and the efficacy of various lines of treatment were also mvestigated. The occurrence for the period from January-1994 to December-1998 was found to be 4.49 per cent, 38.32 per cent of the cases being mycotic dermatitis, 31.95 per cent fly bite dermatitis/ectoparasitic dermatitis and 29.73 per cent non specific dermatological disorders. Detailed clinical examination of cattle with mycotic dermatitis revealed scaling, pruritis, alopecia, increased skin thickness and hypopigmentation of hairs. Presence of biting flies were also recorded. Skin scrapings collected and examined under microscope revealed presence of ectcthrix arrangement of fungal spores. Organisms isolated by fungal culture were Thchophyton vermcosum T. mentagrophytes, Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. Neutrophilia, eosinophilia, lower copper and zinc values in blood were observed in mycotic dermatitis. In fly bite/ectoparasitic dermatitis, along with lower copper values in blood, slightly lower albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and eosinophilia were detected. In animals with non-specific dermatological problems along with eosinophiiia, lower values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, copper, zinc, total protein and albumin were recorded. Histopathological studies revealed chronic dermatitis, with marked lymphocytic infiltration, epidermal hyperplasia and shedding of keratinised scales in non-specific dermatological problems. In cases of mycotic dermatitis invasion of fungi beneath stratum coraeum, hair follicle and hyperkeratosis, were noticed. Complete recovery was noticed in all animals treated with Cassia alata leaves paste and Bordeaux mixture - 1 per cent in 21 days. Seven out of eight animals responded to topical application of tincture iodine and glycerine (1:1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICAL PROPAEDEUTICS AND RUMEN FLUID CHANGES IN POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA OF GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2000) PAME T., MALIEKAL; Alex, P.C.
    A Study on Polioencephalomalacia was conducted in the Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, for a period of two years (1998 and 1999). The epidemiology, clinical findings, changes in rumen fluid, haematology and serum biochemical changes were studied in PEM affected goats. Six goats affected with Polioencephalomalacia and that responded to thiamine therapy were utilised for this study. Detailed history was collected. Samples of rumen fluid and whole blood from the healthy and diseased animals were collected and analysed. Rumen liquor parameters, viz., physical characters, microbial activity, total volatile fatty acids, total acidity, lactate and ammonia levels were recorded. Haematological parameters like Hb, PCV, ESR, TEC, TLC and DLC were recorded. Glucose, total protein, albumin, lactate, pyruvate, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the serum were estimated. The disease occurred throughout the year with maximum occurrence in the monsoon and post-monsoon period. Occurrence was more in females and in the age group of six months to five years. History suggested carbohydrate rich diet as one of the predisposing factor for the development of Polioencephalomalacia in Kerala. The clinical symptoms noted were nystagmus, lateral deviation of head, circling and lying only on one side. A highly significant increase in the lactate content of rumen fluid, was noted in goats affected with Polioencephalomalacia. Haematology revealed significant neutrophilia and lymphopaenia indicating stress condition. Biochemical changes in the serum revealed significant increase in glucose, lactate and pyruvate levels. The increase in lactate level in the rumen fluid was not enough to induce marked lowering of the rumen pH. Detailed cultural studies are needed to detect the changes in rumen microbial flora in diseased goats. Increased blood lactate and pyruvate levels indicated thiamine insufficiency.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDY OF RUMINAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN GOATS
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2000) ANIL J., THACHIL; Baby, P.G
    Twelve goats with history and symptoms suggestive of nominal acidosis were divided into two groups (I and II). Six healthy goats were also served as controls. Detailed ciinicai examination, recording of olinicai data, sampling and analysis of rumen liquor and blood were done at zero hour, one hour, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of the study. Therapeutic management of group I was done by giving five per cent sodium ^foarbonate solution intravenously at a dose rate of 5 mi / kg ; whereas in group II it was replaced with a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate (carbicarb) intravenously at a dose rate of 4 mi / kg. Animals of group I and II were given dexamethasone 20 mg intravenously, evacuated rumen contents and given magnesium hydroxide and oxytetracyciine orally. Supportive treatments were done with fluids, vitamin B complex injection daily and transfer of fresh rumen liquor on second or third day in both groups. The clinical signs noticed were anorexia, dullness, low carriage of head, dry muzzle, sunken eyes, tending of skin, oliguria, distended abdomen, cold extremities and retractea eye balls. There was improvement in the pulse quality and also considerable reduction in respiratory rate noticed in animals of group II than in group I at 24 h of treatment. In both groups, the rumen liquor colour, odour, consistency and protozoal motility became normal, SAT and MBRT showed improvement and elevated rumen liquor lactic acid became normal by 72 h. Elevated haemoglobin, PCV, TEC, TLC and neutrophilia also became normal. Improvement in serum bicarbonate level was marked in group II than in group I at 24 h and 48 h of treatment. Serum lactic acid showed significant increase at zero hour in group I and II, but came to normal in group II at 72 h, but not in group I. Elevated serum protein level at zero hour also came to normal. Clinical assessment throughout the study revealed that all animals of group II appeared more alert and active and recovered earlier than in group I.