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Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad

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20222
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Subject: Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS AND EXPRESSION PROFILE OF B-CELL LYMPHOMA-2 GENE IN MALABARI DOELINGS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINRY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-06-22) AMRITHA ARAVIND; Dr. Shibu Simon
    The study was conducted to assess the effect of of M. oleifera leaves on reproductive performance in Malabari doelings. Apparently healthy Malabari kids (n= 32) of age three months were selected and randomly allocated to two different treatment groups. Control group (T1, n= 16) was fed with complete feed as pellets and experimental group (T2, n=16) was given complete feed in which 50 per cent of concentrate was replaced with M. oleifera leaves on dry matter (DM) basis. The feeding trials were continued till two oestrous cycles were completed. The mean initial (T1-8.00 ± 0.50 kg; T2- 7.89 ± 0.55 kg) and final body weights (T1-18.73 ± 0.89 kg; T2- 19.95 ± 0.89 kg) did not differ significantly whilst showed a linear increase in both the groups. Daily DMI and haematological parameters (Hb, Haematocrit, TEC, TLC) did not vary significantly between groups. In T2, the mean total protein was significantly higher (p < 0.05) while mean ALT remained significantly lower (p < 0.05). Post weaning mean progesterone profile remained less than 1ng/mL until fifth month of age but showed significant increase during sixth month (T1- 0.24 ng/mL, T2- 0.44 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and elevated more than 1ng/mL during seventh month in T2 (T1- 0.72 ± 0.22 ng/mL, T2- 1.14 ± 0.29 ng/mL). First behavioural oestrus was observed during sixth month age (T1-12.50 %; T2- 31.25 %) without any significant variation between groups. On ultrasound examination of follicular dynamics in two consecutive oestrous cycles, significantly higher number of small, medium and large follicles could be observed in T2 (p < 0.01). Typical wave patterns of one to five wave cycles could be noticed in Malabari doelings in peripubertal period regardless the experimental groups and short cycles were characteristic of first oestrous cycle in both the groups. The first interwave interval of five wave cycle and ovulatory wave of four wave cycle was longer in T2. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to diameter of largest follicles in each wave, day of appearance of largest follicle, day of ovulation, number and size of ovulatory follicles. The size of corpus luteum, blood flow assessed by pixel count and mean progesterone values were higher during luteogenesis of first oestrous cycle in T2 (p < 0.05). Significantly higher behavioural and physiological score and oestrus intensity could be observed in T2 (p < 0.01). Length of oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus did not vary significantly between the groups. Following follicular aspiration (n=6), significantly higher (p < 0.05) culture grade (A and B) oocytes could be observed in T2 (85.71%) than T1 (43.75%). BCB staining revealed, significantly higher (p < 0.05) number of oocytes with developmental competence in T2 (3.83 ± 0.48) than T1 (2.17 ± 0.48). Follicular health assessed by relative expression of antiapoptotic gene BCL-2 showed no significant variation between the groups. Thus, the present study authorizes the effective and safe means of replacement of 50 per cent concentrate ration of goats with M. oleifera leaves without affecting the growth, dry matter intake and haematobiochemical profiles in Malabari doelings and it improved the reproductive performance by advancing the puberty, folliculogenesis, luteogenesis and enhanced developmental competence and quality of oocytes during peripubertal period.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF MYOMETRIAL CONTRACTILITY, GENE EXPRESSION OF HORMONE RECEPTORS IN UTERUS AND FOETO-MATERNAL VELOCITY INDICES IN CANINE UTERINE INERTIA
    (COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES MANNUTHY, THRISSUR, KERALA VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, 2022-05-19) Magnus Paul K; Dr. C. Jayakumar
    The present study was designed to assess the uterine contractility characteristics, gene expression of hormone receptors and the change in velocity indices of maternal and foetal arteries in canine uterine inertia. Dogs presented (n=22) with dystocia were classified as complete primary uterine inertia CPUI (n=9), partial primary uterine inertia PPUI (n=6) and foetal cause of dystocia FCD (n=7) based on the cause of dystocia, contractile state of the uterus as well as the stage of progress of the foetus. All the selected dogs were subjected to ultrasonography with Pulse wave spectral Doppler analysis, radiography, sigmoidoscopy, non-invasive tocodynamometry, haematology, blood gas, electrolyte and metabolite analysis and serum hormonal profile analysis. Caesarean section was performed in all the dogs, and after the removal of the foetus, full￾thickness uterine biopsy samples were taken and frozen in RNA-later. Apgar scores of all the foetuses were recorded at five minutes, two hours and 24 h. Relative expression of genes regulating myometrial contraction as well as hormonal receptor genes were performed using the qPCR in the study groups. Tocodynamometric studies confirmed that dogs exhibiting less than 15 mm of Hg pressure and feeble or infrequent contractions without delivery for more than 30 min, could be considered as uterine inertia. Apgar scores in pups at five minutes after the surgery were poor in all groups, but the rapid improvement was noticed in two hours. Analysis revealed normal pH, High pO2, low pCO2, low HCO3⁻ and low base excess. Significantly lower Na+and Cl⁻ concentration in the FCD group, and lower iCa and anion gap in the FCD group were noted. Respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were evident in all animals, with the maximum level in FCD. Quantitative analysis of RI, PI and SVDV of the foetal abdominal aorta and the uterine artery did not differ significantly between the groups. Haematology revealed no significant difference between the groups, but lymphocytosis and anaemia were evident in all groups. The serum hormone profile revealed no significant difference between oestradiol and progesterone concentrations across the groups. However, oestradiol level was higher in all groups than previously reported levels in normal pregnancy. The present study concluded that ionised calcium deficiency, higher oestradiol concentration, upregulation of Erβ receptor gene and downregulation of MLCK gene contributed an additive effect to cause CPUI, along with the possible absence of oxytocin, which was indirectly revealed through the elevated Na+and Cl⁻concentration. Whereas the PPUI was found to be a myometrial defect due to extreme down-regulation of MLCK, MYHII and PKC genes, higher oestradiol levels also might have contributed to the development of the pathology.