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Central Agricultural University, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam

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Author: Devi, Leishangthem Geetarani × End date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Sustainability of rice farming in Manipur : an economic analysis
    (College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, CAU-Imphal, Umiam, 2016-08) Devi, Leishangthem Geetarani; Feroze, S. M.
    Sustainable agriculture is regarded as the successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources. It integrates three main goals i.e., environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity. Rice is the staple food and is grown in hill and plain areas of Manipur. The present study was conducted to examine the economic, social and ecological sustainability of rice farming at district as well as farm level and to work out the costs and returns from rice cultivation. A random sample of 200 farmers was interviewed at Thoubal (valley) and Senapati (hill) district of Manipur. Sustainability indices for both district and farm level were constructed following the Human Development Index (HDI) developed by UNDP (1990). The cost concepts given by Special Expert Committee on Cost of Production Estimates (1979) were used to calculate the cost of cultivation of rice. About 75 per cent of the valley districts were economically sustainable and 80 per cent of the hill districts were moderately sustainable with respect to economic sustainability. Socially, all the hill districts were moderately sustainable but, 75 per cent of the valley districts were moderately sustainable. Ecologically, all the hill districts were highly sustainable but, 50 per cent of the valley districts were moderately sustainable and remaining districts were least sustainable. In terms of overall sustainability, majority of the hill districts (60%) as well as valley districts (75%) were in moderately sustainable category and the remaining were in sustainable category. The total cost of cultivation of rice including family labour was significantly higher in Thoubal (`73731.22/ha in pre-kharif, `67429.88/ha in kharif) than Senapati district (`59126.30/ha). In overall, majority of the rice farms were moderately sustainable (61.25% to 94.17%). The valley districts of Manipur performed better in terms of economic sustainability whereas, with reference to ecological sustainability, hill districts performed well. In case of social sustainability, the performances of hill and valley districts are quite similar. The cultivation of rice in the state is profitable and in context to farm level sustainability, majority of the rice farms were moderately sustainable followed by sustainable farms in the study area. The study recommends that efforts should be put to improve economic indicators in hill districts; social sustainability andecological sustainability of valley district.