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University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

The University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad was established on October 1, 1986. The University has 5 Colleges, 27 Research Stations, 6 Agriculture Extension Education Centers, 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras and ATIC. The University has its jurisdiction over 7 districts namely Bagalkot, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, and Uttar Kannada in northern Karnataka. Greater diversity exists in soil types, climate, topography cropping and farming situations. The jurisdiction includes dry-farming to heavy rainfall and irrigated area. Important crops of the region include sorghum, cotton, rice, pulses, chilli, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, wheat, safflower etc. The region is also known for many horticultural crops. Considerable progress has been registered in the field of education, research and extension from this University.

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2006 - 200932010 - 20122
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Subject: Plant Biotechnology × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Candidate Gene Mapping, Pyramiding of Stay-Green and Water use Efficiency Qtls and Mapping of Putative Qtls for Root Traits using Ril Populations in Sorghum
    (UAS Dharwad, 2012) Rajkumar; B. Fakrudin
    Recombinant Inbred Populations (RIPs) derived from the crosses IS9830 x E36-1 (RIP1) and N13 x E36-1 (RIP2) were used to map localize the drought tolerance-related candidate genes through SNPs. A total of five QTLs flanked by at least one candidate gene (SNP) were found common across both RIPs: qGLA3 (Xtxp38-Xsnp19); qGLA4 (Xiabt227-Xsnp56) qDAF2 (Xiumc136-Xsnp28) qPL4 (Xisp229-Xsnp36) and qSY4 (Xsnp36-Xtxp27). The three stable QTLs for stay-green, qSTG1A:Xtxp34-Xtxp285; qSTG2: Xtxp205-Xtxp231; qSTG3:Xtxp298-Xtxp324 and one QTL for water use efficiency, qCID2:Xtxp6-Xiabt70 were introgressed from E36-1 the stay-green parent into SPV86, SPV570 and M35-1. The foreground and limited background screening across BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 generations was done and the BC3F2 progenies with various QTL combinations in homozygous condition were identified and selfed. The BC3F3 near isogenic lines (NIL) were evaluated in greenhouse: NIL with all four QTLs in M35-1 (75.83 %), SPV86 (78.48 %) and SPV570 (75.57 %) backgrounds showed per cent green leaf area (GLA) retention on par to the stay-green donor parent (E36-1, 75.20 %) at physiological maturity. The two RIPs: E36-1 x Basavanapada (RRIP1) and E36-1 x SPV70 (RRIP2) segregating for high root volume and root length respectively were field evaluated during rabi 2010-11. Analysis of variance revealed significance difference among the RILs. A total of 113 (55/530 EST-SSRs, 40/275 SSRs, 18/138 SNPs) and 104 (50/530 EST-SSRs, 34/270 SSRs, 20/138 SNPs) polymorphic markers were genotyped to construct a genetic linkage map spanning 1633 cM and 1800.1 cM, and a total of 30 and 28 putative QTLs were mapped for root and yield related traits in RRIP1 and RRIP2, respectively. The lack of overlap between the QTLs of component traits of root and yield, suggested that these two parameters are independent and the possibility of combining these two traits, favorably to enhance productivity of sorghum under receding moisture condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genome-Wide QTL Mapping for Post-Flowering Drought Tolerance and Validation of Charcoal Rot Resistance QTLs in NILs of Sorghum
    (UAS Dharwad, 2011) Suvarna Patil; B. Fakrudin
    Two Recombinant Inbred Line Populations (RIP) derived from the cross IS9830 x E36-1 (RIP1) and N13 x E36-1 (RIP2) were field evaluated for stay-green and yield related traits during rabi season at two locations over three years. Parents IS9830 and N13 were non-stay-green and E36-1 was a stay-green donor. Analysis of variance showed positive significant association in both RIPs. A total of 530 genic and 270 nuclear SSR markers were screened to finally genotype 40 genic, 71 nuclear SSR markers for RIP1 and 68 genic and 70 nuclear SSR for RIP2 to construct genetic linkage maps together with 46 anchor markers. The genetic linkage maps spanned over 1661.1 cM and 2003.8 cM for RIP1 and RIP2, respectively. Same were used for mapping the stable QTLs for stay-green components: stg1 (GLA15DAF) flanked by Xtxp34-Xtxp285 on LG-A, stg2 (GLA30DAF) flanked by Xtxp205-Xtxp231 on LGE, stg3 (GLA45DAF) flanked by Xtxp298-Xtxp324 on LG-J and dC flanked by Xtxp6-Xiabt73 on LG-I, together accounting for 40.91 and 48.76 per cent of phenotypic variance in RIP1 and RIP2, respectively; the positive additive effects at all the loci was contributed by E36-1. The stable QTLs for other yield related traits were also mapped. The stable QTLs for component traits of charcoal rot resistance viz., cr1 (Xtxp176-Xiabt312) for lodging per cent on LG-I, cr2 (Xtxp297-Xiabt173) for number of internodes crossed by the fungus on LG-B and cr3 (Xiabt275-Xiabt241) for length of infection on LG-I were introgressed from E36-1 into M35-1 and SPV86 susceptible backgrounds with recurrent foreground and background screening across BC1F1, BC2F1, BC3F1 generations and the BC3F2 progenies with various QTLs combinations in homozygous condition pinned down. The BC3G3 near isogenic lines (NILs) were evaluated: NILs with all the 3 QTLs recorded lodging per cent of 0.9 and 1.2 against 41.46 and 53.38 per cent incidence in controls, respectively in M35-1 and SPV86 backgrounds. The next best NIL in both backgrounds carried cr1 and cr2. These NILs have immediate practical utility as resistant versions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genome-wide molecular mapping, introgression of stable QTLs and expressional quantitation of transcription factor genes in charcoal rot manifestation in sorghum bicolour (L) Moench
    (UAS Dharwad, 2009) Ayyanagouda.M.Patil; B.Fakrudin
    Recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross IS22380 (susceptible) and E36-1 (resistant) were characterized for the morphological and biochemical components of charcoal rot resistance and yield related traits at three locations over four rabi seasons revealed significant differences among RILs and GxE interactions. A significant association among relevant traits was noticed at phenotypic and genotypic level with high heritability estimates. A total of 141 polymorphic DNA markers (48/275 SSRs, 65/533 EST-SSRs, 28/410 RAPD) were genotyped to construct a genetic linkage map spanning 2905 cM and used for Composite Interval Mapping of QTLs. Stable QTLs were detected lodging percent (xtxp176– xtxp312 (CR1) number of internodes crossed by the fungus (xtxp297-xiabt273 (CR2) and length of infection (xtxp275-xtxp241(CR3): the additive effect at all these loci was contributed by E36-1. Two major QTLs of plant height and three QTLs of plant yield accounted for 38% and 41% phenotypic variance respectively. On LG-I, the genomic region flanked by xtxp274–xiabt29 harbored a common QTL. Three stable QTLs, CR1, CR2 and CR3 collectively contributing 43% of phenotypic variation were introgressed into M35-1 and SPV86 backgrounds: at BC1F1 with 2285 and 2033 marker and at BC2F1 5989 and 6002 marker points in M35-1 and SPV86 backgrounds were screened to identify progenies harboring all the three QTLs. Expressional quantitation of 185 transcription factor genes was done in charcoal rot challenged and control tissue of E36-1 and SPV86 genotypes at 75 DAS and 90 DAS where 142 genes up regulated in both genotypes while eight genes of five family viz., AP2 (PTSb00019.1, PTSb00022.1, PTSb00024.1 WRKY (PTSb00331.1), HMG (PTSb00179.1, PTSb00185.1) ARF (PTSb00033.1) and bHLH (PTSb00349.1) were up regulated in pathogen challenged tissues. Two genes of WRKY family (PTSb00328.1 and PTSb00331.1) were significantly up regulated in resistant genotype alone: these understandings would help in developing strategies for resistance breeding in sorghum.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mapping of simple sequence repeats (SSRS) and marker assisted introgression of quantitative trait loci (QTLS) for stay-green in sorghum (SorghumbicolorI (L.)
    (UAS Dharwad, 2006) Kassahun B.Bisetegn; M.S.Kuruvinashetty
    With the objective of increasing the marker density in the linkage map of the staygreen mapping population, ninety four individuals from N13 x E36-1 sorghum recombinant inbred population were genotyped with 78 EST-SSR makers and 55 markers (70%) gave reliable and scorable amplification. The genotypic data from these markers was integrated with the genotypic data of 164 previously mapped RFLP, AFLP, RAPD and SSR markers to produce the genetic maps. The genetic map constructed has a total length of 2838 cM. The number of EST-SSR markers mapped per linkage group ranged from 2 (linkage group H) to 9 (linkage group F). Some of the markers such as Xisep0841, Xisep0733, and Xisep0938 mapped in the stay-green QTL regions making them good candidate markers to be used in fine mapping of the QTLs and marker-assisted selection of the stay-green trait. In a marker-assisted backcrossing programme, four stable stay-green QTLs (StgB, Stg1, Stg3 and Stg4) were selected to be transferred from the stay-green donor parent (B35) to the senescent recurrent parent (R16). After two additional marker-assisted backcrossing and two selfing generations, four backcross families with single (Stg1, Stg3, Sg4 and StgB) and five backcross families with double putative QTLs (Stg1+Stg3, Stg1+Stg4, Stg3+Stg4, Stg3+StgB and Stg4+StgB) have been selected. Previously generated, early generation stay-green introgression lines (BC2F2/BC1F3) were evaluated for their agronomic and stay-green related characters under well watered and water-stress conditions both in field (in the post rainy season) and greenhouse condition for two seasons. Among the introgression lines, RSG 04001/RSG 05001 was found to be the most promising line both in terms of its grain yield and stay-green related characters. Besides high % green leaf area, the stay-green genotypes had high chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen concentration compared with the senescent lines showing the relationships among these traits. The correlations of relative grain yield to relative % GLA in the stress environments was highly significant (R2 = 0.47 in 2004-05 and R2 = 0.77 in 2005-06) indicating the contribution of stay green to grain yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in tomato
    (UAS Dharwad, 2006) K.Krishnamurthy; P.U.Krishnaraj
    Tomato, an economically important crop in many countries is plagued by many viral diseases including leaf curl caused by Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) belonging to the genus begomovirus. Begomoviruses are small circular, single stranded DNA plant viruses. Yield losses usually vary from 28-92% making tomato cultivation unprofitable. Genetically engineering resistance is a viable alternative is to genetically engineer tomato for protection against ToLCV. PTGS/RNAi is a novel gene regulatory mechanism that limits the transcript level by either suppressing transcription or by activating a sequence-specific RNA degradation process. We have cloned and characterized ToLCV-coat protein (TCP), replicase (TRP) and suppressor of PTGS (TRS) genes from a Dharwad local isolate. Constructs have been developed using all the three genes for the available gene silencing strategies viz., sense (s), antisense (as), ihp (sas) and HUTR (heterologous 3 -untranslated region). Coat protein (TCP) gene has been cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic system. As a comparative study plant expression vectors carrying TCP, TRP and TRS gene following different strategies were used for transgenic development through Agrobacterium. Analysis of putative To-transgenics showed positive for PCR, GUS, Dot blot and Southern blot analysis. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis of plants from TRP constructs showed drastic reduction in the virus inoculum compared to non-transgenic plants. The T1-generataion transgenic plants obtained from TRP constructs were positive for PCR and Dot blot analysis. Among different strategies tested for resistance to ToLCV in transgenics, those with sas/ihp construct showed significant resistance against ToLCV followed by HUTR, antisense (as) and sense (s). Similarly, among the three different genes tested, silencing was more in TRS constructs followed by TRP and TCP.