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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.
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ThesisItem Open Access Grafting in parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for yield and quality(Department of Horticultural (Veg. Science), BAU, Sabour, 2020) Anand, Kunal; Bhardwaj, AjayThe cucumber productivity of India/Bihar is almost half compared with the world’s productivity. Vegetable grafting is one such technique which can cater the needs of increasing productivity up to some levels. Grafting technique combines the vigorous root system of a plant with otherwise susceptible stem portion of another plant which has economic interest. The root system is called the rootstock, and the upper part which has economic interest is called scion. To explore the full potential in terms of productivity in parthenocarpic cucumber, the study on ҅Grafting in parthenocarpic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for yield and quality’ was conducted at polyhouse complex of Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), BAU, Sabour, District-Bhagalpur, Bihar in the year 2019-2020 with the following objectives: 1) to identify suitable rootstock for yield and quality of parthenocarpic cucumber and 2) comparative study of grafted and non grafted parthenocarpic cucumber plants. The study included nine rootstocks viz., three from pumpkin, two of bottle gourd, two from sponge gourd, one from summer squash and one from monoecious cucumber grafted with parthenocarpic cucumber genotype adopting one cotyledon grafting method. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and ten treatment combinations in the naturally ventilated polyhouse. The data for 22 traits was recorded viz., graft survival rate (%), number of leaves per plant (20, 40, 60 days after transplanting and at final harvest), node number to first female flower, days to first female flower, days to first harvest, number of fruits per vine, fruit yield (Kg/vine), fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), root length (cm), root fresh weight (g), root dry weight (g), vine length (cm), total soluble solids (˚brix), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g FW), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (mg/g FW) and total chlorophyll content (mg/g FW). The data for 22 characters were subjected to analysis of variance and mean sum of squares due to genotypes was found significant for all the characters under study except for days to first harvest. The maximum graft survival percentage (21 days after grafting) was recorded in the combination of parthenocarpic cucumber (BRPCU-1) grafted on pumpkin (Chakor) rootstock and least in sponge gourd (Rajendra Nenua-1). The graft combination of parthenocarpic cucumber (BRPCU-1) grafted onto sponge gourd (Patna Local) rootstock produced significantly earlier first female flowers at lower nodes followed by sponge gourd (Rajendra Nenua 1) rootstock then non-grafted control. The rootstock of monoecious cucumber (Swarna Sheetal) with average fruit weight of 120.48 g, fruit yield of 3.19 Kg per vine and fruit length of 19.27 cm, was significantly superior then non grafted control. None of the grafted treatments surpassed non grafted check (BRPCU-1) for root dry weight, root length and vine length. The grafting combination of parthenocarpic cucumber scion (BRPCU-1) with rootstock of bottle gourd (Rajendra Chamatkar) recorded significantly superior total soluble solids whereas the pumpkin rootstock (Chakor) recorded significantly superior ascorbic acid content than non grafted parthenocarpic cucumber control. All the grafting combinations for total chlorophyll content revealed significant superior value than non grafted parthenocarpic cucumber control except the rootstock of sponge gourd (Rajendra Nenua-1) which was at par with the control. It can be concluded that the graft combination of monoecious cucumber (Swarna Sheetal) as rootstock and parthenocarpic cucumber as scion was the best for yield, and the rootstock bottle gourd (Rajendra Chamatkar) for quality purpose. From the study it was found that genotypic variability in selection of rootstock shows significant different results. Hence, to avail maximum benefits, the specific rootstocks can be identified before adopting the grafting technique at commercial level.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and molecular diversity analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)(Department of Horticultural (Olericulture), BAU, Sabour, 2021-02) Kumar, Sapan; Bhardwaj, AjayIndia is endowed with large amount of genetic diversity of bitter gourd based on morphological characters such as growth habit, maturity and various fruit characters including shape, size, colour and surface texture. However, the yield potential of bitter gourd in India and in Bihar is very low. In Bihar, bitter gourd has an area of about 10,090 hectares having production and productivity of 67,300 MT and 6.7 mT/ha respectively. In India, it is grown in an area of about 96,000 ha having production and productivity of 10,83,000 mT and 11.28 mT/ha respectively. Bitter gourd not exploited to its fullest and still confined to limited areas that too growing with local cultivars only is reason for low production. Being a highly nutritious crop, the breeding work is not up to the mark due to the presence of less genetic divergence between the genotypes. Hence, systematic evaluation of genetically divergent parent is needed for identifying divergent types. Keeping the points in view, the present investigation entitled “Morphological and molecular diversity analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)” was carried out. The experiment was conducted at the Bihar Agricultural University in the Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture) Sabour in the year 2019-2020 to study genetic diversity which involved evaluation of 20 bitter gourd genotypes including one check viz. Kahalgoan Local using morphological and molecular marker systems. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with two replications at vegetable research farm of the Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2019-20. The present investigation was based on 18 quantitative characters. Significant differences were observed for all the eighteen characters in nineteen bitter gourd genotypes and present investigation documented that significant variability was present amidst the genotypes used. Based on mean performance it was observed that BRBT-1 (3.21 Kg) followed by US 6214 (3.08 Kg), US 1315 (3.02 Kg) and Pusa Aushadhi (2.41 Kg) were found significantly superior from check Kahalgoan Local for the character fruit yield per vine. Multivariate analysis showed that considerable genetic diversity was present in nineteen genotypes of bitter gourd studied and were arranged into six clusters. Cluster I was found to be having maximum number of eight genotypes in it. Cluster III, IV, V and VI were monogenotypic. Ascorbic acid (75.44 %) contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by total soluble solids (18.13 %), number of fruits per vine (2.92 %), fruit yield per vine (2.92 %) and internodal length (0.58 %). The highest inter cluster genetic divergence was noticed between clusters V and VI (267906.60) and was followed by clusters II and V (138645.60) and clusters III and V (108837.10). The intra cluster distance range varied from 8235.36 to 9804.83 with highest in cluster II (9804.33) succeeded by cluster I (8235.36). For molecular analysis among the 40 primers screened, only 6 primers showed polymorphism. Morphological diversity based on 18 quantitative traits and molecular diversity based on 6 polymorphic primers were not similar and the grouping pattern was different in the two systems, which indicated the role of environment in the expression of phenotypic traits and the preponderance of non-coding region in total genomic constitution. It can be concluded that, as a wide range of variation for almost all the economically important traits was present in this crop, so there is a vast scope for improvement through different breeding procedure. Based on the clustering pattern adopted through different procedure the diverse genotypes can be utilized for hybridization programme.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of brinjal genotypes for tolerance to phomopsis blight(Department of Horticulture (Veg. & Flori.), BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Kumar, Amrendra; Kumar, RandhirBrinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L. 2n= 24) of the family solanaceae is one of the important and popular vegetable crop grown in India and other parts of the world. It has demand throughout the year but it faces diseases like phomopsis leaf the crop. Studies conducted to screen for resistant varieties of brinjal against P.vexansmet, with little success. Hence in the present study an attempt has been made to screen brinjal genotypes for resistance against phomopsis vexans. The study on variability heritability, genetic gains, correlation coefficient and path coefficients in twenty diverse brinjal genotypes was carried out for phomopsis blight, fruit yield and yield attributing traits. The study indicated that the genotypes evaluated differed significantly among all the treatment for all the seventeen traits in field condition whereas for five traits in pot experiment. The genotypes BRBL-11, followed by BRBL-4 and BRBL-1 produced significantly higher fruit yield per plant than the resistant check Pant Samrat. On the basis of percent disease index (PDI), out of twenty. The higher magnitude of coefficient of variation at phenotypic as well as genotypic leyels were observed for all genotypes in Leaf breadth, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, phomopsis incidence on shoot and fruit and per cent disease index. The presence of high heritability in broad sense (H2bs) along with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were observed for average fruit weight, phomopsis incidence on shoot, phomopsis incidence on fruit and per cent disease index. The phenotypic correlation coefficients between different characters were generally similar in magnitude and nature to the corresponding genotypic correlation coefficient except for few traits due to environmental influence. The significant and positive correlation with phomopsis incidence on fruit was observed at phenotypic level with phomopsis incidence on shoot, leaf breadth and days to first harvest. The analysis of path coefficient revealed appreciable amount of direct positive effect of fruit yield per plant followed by phomopsis incidence on shoot, leaf breadth, day to 50 % flowering and plant height on phomopsis incidence on fruit.
