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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.
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ThesisItem Open Access Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] using RAPD and ISSR markers for developing crop improvement strategies(Department of Horticulture (Olericulture), BAU, Sabour, 2019-05) Kumar, Rajesh; Kumar, RandhirAmong the all cultivated cucurbitaceous vegetables, bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) with chromosome no. 2n = 22, is an annual monoecious crop synonymously called as calabash gourd. For the above investigation twenty-four genotypes collected from various states adjoining Bihar including breeding lines developed, collected and maintained at department. The genotypes of bottle gourd laid out in statistical design named Randomized Block Design with 3 replications in spring summer season of 2014 and 2015, respectively to examine the magnitude of variability and genetic diversity for several traits horticultural importance. In morphological study genotypes performed significantly in all traits studied, however BRBG-65 (591.10 q/ha) was proved to be high yielder with supporting traits like yield of marketable fruits/plant (15.19 kg) and no. of fruits/vine (14.85) in pooled analysis of both season than compare to the all three check varieties used in past study. Traits like fruit length, fruit circumference, no. of fruits per vine, yield of marketable fruits/vine, no. of seeds/fruit and fruit yield/hectare exhibited high GCV and PCV. Almost all the traits under study shown high percentage of heritability with maximum genetic advancement percentage for the traits like fruit length, fruit circumference, average fruit weight, no. of fruits/vine, yield of marketable fruits/vine, no. of seeds/fruit and yield per hectare. Traits like average fruit weight, no. of fruits plant and yield of marketable fruits/vine shown strong character association with fruit yield/hectare. Based on D2 values, twenty-four genotypes were classified amongst five clusters which indicated a large genetic diversity. Cluster II produced maximum no. (11) of genotypes followed closely by cluster I (8), whereas cluster V was proved to be mono-genotypic. Fruit length has given maximum contribution for total divergence. In the molecular study, average polymorphism percentage was obtained by RAPD pattern was studied by using 10 random primers. Total 58 reproducible amplicons were generated by 10 RAPD primers, of an average around 5.8 amplicon per primer. The value corresponding average polymorphic information content was 0.58 and ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The major allele frequency was ranged from 0.33 to 0.73 with the average of 0.57. The major genetic diversity was ranged from 0.30 to 0.59 with the average of 0.41. ISSR pattern was studied by using 7 primers. Total 48 reproducible amplicons were generated by 7 ISSR primers of an average around 6.85 amplicon per primer. The value of average polymorphic information content was 0.56 and ranged from 0.29 to 0.76. The major allele frequency was ranged from 0.39 to 0.80 with the average of 0.59. The major gene diversity was ranged from 0.20 to 0.71 with the average of 0.44. Wide range of value regarding Jaccard’s similarity coefficient in RAPD markers (0.46 to 0.86), ISSR markers (0.37 to 0.910) and in combination (0.50 to 0.80). The dendrogram concluded relative magnitude of resemblance also amongst different clusters formed. Dendrogram and similarity matrix produced from both the markers RAPD and ISSR data then compared and concluded similar but not genetically identical phylo-genetic relationships, when RAPD, ISSR, and RAPD combination with ISSR derived dendrograms were compared, the discrimination among genotypes within these clusters was more effective with the combined analysis. Most genotypes studied in the present experiment differed with their geographic origin. The promising lines collected from different source were classified amongst different clusters and sub clusters. The genotype BRBG 65 was extremely diverse from other genotypes and the genotype BRBG 11-1 was genetically similar to BRBG 52 and BRBG 12-3. The investigation highlights the potential utilization of these germplasm for future breeding programmes.The genotypes of more divergent cluster may be utilized in breeding programme for developing high yielding varieties and F1 hybrids with desirable quantitative traits. The most promising genotype BRBG 65 may be recommended for commercial cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Divergence in Pointed Gourd for Antioxidant, Nutritional and Postharvest Quality(Department of Horticulture ( Veg. & Flor.), BAU, Sabour, 2019-05) Ahmad, Mukhtar; Verma, R.B.An experiment was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Vegetable Research farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) to study the existing genetic variability and to assess the genetic diversity among twenty-five genotypes of pointed gourd. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the twenty-two characters studied. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for total flavonoids (77.38 %) chlorophyll ‘b’ (72.85 %), total phenols (71.14 %), titratable acidity (57.45 %), number of marketable fruits per plant (53.52 %), yield of marketable fruits per plant (47.26 %), CUPRAC (46.58 %), carotenoids (40.11 %), number of primary branches per plant (38.95 %), chlorophyll ‘a’ (38.68 %), node number at which first female flower appears (37.58 %), average fruit weight (28.00 %) and fruit length (22.31 %). Correlation analysis revealed that the yield of marketable fruits per plant was significantly and positively correlated with fruit length (0.23), number of marketable fruits per plant (0.82) and titratable acidity (0.23). Path analysis further revealed that the number of marketable fruits per plant (0.8569), average fruit weight (0.3261), total phenol (0.1978), days to last fruit harvest (0.1709) and chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.1145) had positive direct effect on yield of marketable fruits per plant. Genetic diversity study grouped all the genotypes into six clusters and revealed that there was presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity in the materials for different yield and yield attributing traits. The cluster I contained the maximum of 8 genotypes followed by 6 genotypes in cluster II and V, three genotypes in cluster IV, and only one (mono-genotypic) in cluster III and VI, respectively. The highest intra-cluster distance was exhibited by cluster V (289.96) followed by cluster IV (187.57), II (159.29) and I (105.68). The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V (766.29) followed by cluster IV and VI (758.47) and cluster V and VI (681.39). The above results indicated that these genotypes had maximum genetic diversity and useful for developing potential genotypes through selection for high yield coupled with desirable traits. The genotypes of cluster V showed the highest mean values for yield of marketable fruits per plant (3.96 kg) and titratable acidity (0.43 %) and the lowest mean value for days to first fruit harvest (153.94). The cluster VI exhibited highest mean value for average chlorophyll ‘a’ (24.13 mg/100g), chlorophyll ‘b’ (19.48 mg/100g), carotenoids (0.012 mg/100g), TSS (Total Soluble Solids) (3.42 0Brix) and free radical scavenging activity (52.57 %) while, the cluster IV exhibited highest mean value for fruit breadth (3.41 cm), number of marketable fruits per plant (119.50) and total sugar (1.56 %). The cluster III exhibited highest mean value for fruit length (8.16 cm), number of primary branches per plant (7.67), days to last fruit harvest (172.00), carotenoids (0.012 mg/100g) and total flavonoids (1.19 mg/100g) while, the cluster II exhibited highest mean value for ascorbic acid (28.03 mg/100g), total phenol (1.06 mg/100g), dietary fibre (5.40 mg/100g), CUPRAC (Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) (2.27 %) and lowest mean value for node number at which first female flower appears (12.68). The promising genotypes viz; BRPG 13-30, BRPG 12-1, BRPG 12-8, BRPG 12-9, BRPG 12-7, BRPG 12-11 and Rajendra Parwal-1 were identified from cluster V and III on the basis of mean values for yield of marketable fruits per plant, number of primary branches per plant, days to last fruit harvest, fruit length, carotenoids, total flavonoids, titratable acidity and days to first fruit harvest for early maturity which could be utilized for the selection and development of high yielding genotypes. Among the twenty-two traits studied, maximum contribution was made by average fruit weight (49.33%) followed by yield of marketable fruits per plant (23.00%), number of marketable fruits per plant (15.00%), chlorophyll ‘b’ (5.67%) and total phenol (2.67%). Therefore, these characters may be given importance during selection and varietal development programme. Among the chemical treatment for reducing the post-harvest losses, Carnauba wax 1.0 % was found most effective for controlling low PLW (Physiological loss in weight), low TSS (Total Soluble Solids), high Chlorophyll and low carotenoids in almost all the genotypes except BRPG 12-7 in which BAP @ 200 ppm treatment was found to be the most effective. However, BRPG 12-9 was found promising among all genotypes for overall post- harvest treatments applied.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and SCAR marker development for early sex determination in Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)(Department of Horticulture (Vegetable & Floriculture), BAU, Sabour, 2019-04) Nand, Neetu; Kumar, RandhirPointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb., 2n=2x=22), a perennial vegetable crop and commonly known as parwal/patal, have Indo-Malayan origin. It is said to be native of South East Asia and probably the Northern and Eastern states of India especially of West Bengal, Assam and Bihar. It has high economic value with export potential. It is mainly cultivated along the riverine belts of Bihar. Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb) is an economically important cucurbit and is extensively propagated through vegetative means, viz; vine and root cuttings. The plant’s dioecious in nature and its vegetative mode of propagation makes its reproduction and multiplication labour intensive. Dioecy represents an inconvenience in pointed gourd breeding since at present there are only few reports distinguishing male and female plants prior to flowering. The use of molecular marker provides a quick and reliable identification of sex types in plants. RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) has been used previously for determining the gender of plants before flowering. The SCAR marker is one of the stable markers, generally derived from RAPD increase effectiveness of RAPD marker by selecting and redesigning primers whose priming sites occur in target sequence(s) of gene or organism at optimum distance. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to identify marker associated with male and female sex expression trait in T. dioica Roxb. followed by development of SCAR. The screening of genomic DNA samples representative of male and female plants of pointed gourd with RAPD was used to discover sex specific PCR amplification product. A total 40 RAPD primers were used for RAPD analysis, out of which 20 primers gave good results. Among these 20 primers, OPC-04 amplified a band of 400 bp specific to female lines. This RAPD marker was eluted, sequenced and the sequence was used to design primers for SCAR marker. From the sequence, a set of two SCAR primers (N6Fn and N7Fn) was designed to allow amplification of female specific region But, only single SCAR (N7Fn/r)amplify a product size of 400bp in female specific DNA.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of brinjal genotypes for tolerance to phomopsis blight(Department of Horticulture (Veg. & Flori.), BAU, Sabour, 2017-07) Kumar, Amrendra; Kumar, RandhirBrinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L. 2n= 24) of the family solanaceae is one of the important and popular vegetable crop grown in India and other parts of the world. It has demand throughout the year but it faces diseases like phomopsis leaf the crop. Studies conducted to screen for resistant varieties of brinjal against P.vexansmet, with little success. Hence in the present study an attempt has been made to screen brinjal genotypes for resistance against phomopsis vexans. The study on variability heritability, genetic gains, correlation coefficient and path coefficients in twenty diverse brinjal genotypes was carried out for phomopsis blight, fruit yield and yield attributing traits. The study indicated that the genotypes evaluated differed significantly among all the treatment for all the seventeen traits in field condition whereas for five traits in pot experiment. The genotypes BRBL-11, followed by BRBL-4 and BRBL-1 produced significantly higher fruit yield per plant than the resistant check Pant Samrat. On the basis of percent disease index (PDI), out of twenty. The higher magnitude of coefficient of variation at phenotypic as well as genotypic leyels were observed for all genotypes in Leaf breadth, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, phomopsis incidence on shoot and fruit and per cent disease index. The presence of high heritability in broad sense (H2bs) along with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were observed for average fruit weight, phomopsis incidence on shoot, phomopsis incidence on fruit and per cent disease index. The phenotypic correlation coefficients between different characters were generally similar in magnitude and nature to the corresponding genotypic correlation coefficient except for few traits due to environmental influence. The significant and positive correlation with phomopsis incidence on fruit was observed at phenotypic level with phomopsis incidence on shoot, leaf breadth and days to first harvest. The analysis of path coefficient revealed appreciable amount of direct positive effect of fruit yield per plant followed by phomopsis incidence on shoot, leaf breadth, day to 50 % flowering and plant height on phomopsis incidence on fruit.