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Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour established on 5th August, 2010 is a basic and strategic institution supporting more than 500 researchers and educationist towards imparting education at graduate and post graduate level, conducting basic, strategic, applied and adaptive research activities, ensuring effective transfer of technologies and capacity building of farmers and extension personnel. The university has 6 colleges (5 Agriculture and 1 Horticulture) and 12 research stations spread in 3 agro-ecological zones of Bihar. The University also has 21 KVKS established in 20 of the 25 districts falling under the jurisdiction of the University. The degree programmes of the university and its colleges have been accredited by ICAR in 2015-16. The university is also an ISO 9000:2008 certified organisation with International standard operating protocols for maintaining highest standards in teaching, research, extension and training.VisionThe Bihar Agricultural University was established with the objective of improving quality of life of people of state especially famers constituting more than two third of the population. Having set ultimate goal of benefitting society at large, the university intends to achieve it by imparting word-class need based agricultural education, research, extension and public service.
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of establishment methods and deficit irrigation on productivity of rice cultivars(Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour, 2020-02-17) Chaurasiya, Asheesh; Singh, Ajoy KumarRice is the staple food for half of India as well for Bihar’s population. It is the largest user of water in agriculture which occupies 30 percent of the world’s irrigated cropland. It is grown with flooded water for most of the crop season so irrigated rice receives about 40 percent of the water diverted for irrigation. Over the past 2 decades, efforts have been made to develop ways to reduce water use in rice production and/or increase rice water productivity because reducing water use for rice by a small percentage could free up large volumes of this vital resource for alternative uses. To cope with scarce supplies, deficit irrigation system can play an important role to achieve the goal of reducing irrigation water use with alternate wetting and drying (AWD). For proper guidance and implementation of AWD and deficit irrigation system, a very simple and low cost, farmer-friendly tool a perforated “field water tube” was adopted. The main aim of this water saving-technology is to decrease losses of water due to seepage, percolation and runoff, thereby increasing the productivity of total water inputs from rainfall and irrigation under different establishment methods of rice cultivation. Present experiment was conducted at research farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour during Kharif season of 2017 and 2018. In this research the effects of various cultivars (i.e. Rajendra Mahsuri and Arize 6444) with different establishment methods i.e. puddle transplanted rice (PTR) and direct seeded rice (DSR), deficit irrigation (AWD) in different rice cultivars were evaluated in a split - split plot design. In main plot, two establishment methods PTR (T1) and DSR (T2), in sub plots two varieties, Arize 6444 (Hybrid) (V1) a medium duration and Rajendra Mahsuri (V2) a long duration variety, and in sub-sub plots irrigation water with AWD treatments at different threshold levels were allocated. Irrigation was applied when the perched water table dropped below AWD 0 cm, AWD 10 cm, AWD 15 cm, AWD 20 cm and AWD 25 cm respectively. In the AWD treatments, timing of irrigation was based on the water depth in the field water tube installed in each plot. Irrigation time thus varied slightly across replicates. The tubes were installed in the field to depths of 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm (to correspond with AWD treatments). When there was no visible water in the tube, irrigation was applied until the depth above the soil surface reached 5-10 cm. The AWD was stopped until 10-12 days before the expected time of harvest in all water treatments. In terms of growth and productivity of rice, among establishment methods DSR and among varieties Arize 6444 recorded higher values for plant height, LAI, number of tillers, and dry matter accumulation as compared to PTR and Rajendra Mahsuri respectively. Among the irrigation treatments, AWD 0 cm recorded higher growth attributes which was at par with AWD 10 cm and AWD 15 cm. Maximum yield was recorded in PTR (5651 kg/ha) because of higher number of filled grains per panical which was 4 percent higher over DSR. Among varieties, Arize 6444 recorded 3 percent higher yield (5610 kg/ha) over Rajendra Mahsuri while AWD 0 cm recorded the highest yield of 5902 kg/ha over rest of the irrigation treatments. Among establishment methods, DSR required 22 percent less water as compared to PTR while Arize 6444 recorded irrigation water savings of 4 percent with no significant changes to crop management. With increasing AWD treatments, the water savings recorded increase of 20, 32, 41 and 48 percent in AWD 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm respectively, over AWD 0 cm while, yield reduction were 2, 6, 10 and 13 percent for the respective AWD treatments. Irrigation water productivity was higher in DSR (1.24 kg m-3) over PTR while input water productivity was higher in PTR (0.44 kg m-3) over DSR (0.42 kg m-3). Among the irrigation treatments the highest input water productivity was recorded in AWD 25 cm (0.48kg m-3) while the lowest water productivity was recorded in AWD 0cm (0.41 kg m-3). The water stress indicators like chlorophyll content and relative water content decreased gradually upto anthesis while proline content, electrolytic leakage increased with age of crop and increasing AWD depths. At milking stage chlorophyll content and relative water content was significantly reduced while proline content and electrolytic leakage was significantly increased due to water stress. Highest cost of cultivation was recorded in PTR (Rs. 53558 / ha) which was 15 per cent higher over DSR, however, 9 percent higher net returns and 13 percent higher benefit cost ratio was obtained in DSR (net returns - Rs. 59694/ ha and B:C ratio - 2.31). Cost of cultivation was maximum in Arize 6444 while net returns was at par to Rajendra Mahsuri. However, Rajendra Mahsuri recorded 3.3 per cent higher benefit: cost ratio over Arize 6444. Among the different irrigation treatments AWD 0 cm recorded the highest cost of cultivation, gross returns and net returns, however, maximum benefit cost ratio was recorded in AWD 10 cm which was at par with AWD 15 cm and AWD 0 cm treatment. On the basis of two years’ data it may be concluded that adoption of AWD irrigation strategy may provide water savings along with positive economic effects for rice farmers. Deficit irrigation based on AWD regime, can aid in coping with situations where supply is restricted. In rice, a well-designed restricted irrigation regime can optimize water productivity over an area when full irrigation is not possible. The large variability in results was due to differences in the number of days of soil drying between irrigations, and the soil and hydrological conditions. Novel irrigation water-saving technologies (AWD) can also help many rice farmers around the world to cope with water scarcity, thus safeguarding their livelihoods. However, high yields of rice can be obtained only by eliminating moisture stress through assured irrigation and better utilization of rain water.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of foliar spray of synthetic compounds for mitigation of heat stress in late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour, 2016-07) Chaurasiya, Asheesh; Sharma, R. P.An investigation was carried out to study the effect of foliar spray of synthetic compounds for mitigating heat stress in late sown wheat and to increase the growth and yield of wheat when sowing of wheat often gets delayed. Under rice-wheat cropping system due to late harvesting of rice and consequently abruptly rise in temperature beyond 20° C which coincides with anthesis and grain filling period of wheat resulting in heavy yield reduction. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out in the sandy loam soil of the experimental farm of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur during the rabi season of 2014-15 to test the efficacy of synthetic compounds in improving grain yield and mitigating high temperature stress in late sown wheat. Treatments were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Two contrasting varieties of wheat, i.e., DBW-14 (V1) and K 307 (V2), meant for timely and late sown irrigated condition in the region were kept in main plots. Each main plot was further sub-divided into fourteen subplots which received foliar spray of different synthetic compounds either at a fixed dose in booting or in anthesis stage or half the fixed dose in both booting and anthesis stage and were compared with control which received no foliar spray. The foliar spray was as follows: M1: No foliar spray, M2:Foliar spray of KNO3 (1.0 %) at booting stage, M3: Foliar spray of KNO3 (1.0 %) at anthesis stage, M4 : Foliar spray of KNO3 (0.5 %) both at booting & anthesis stage, M5: Foliar spray of Cacl2 (0.2%) at booting stage, M6: Foliar spray of Cacl2 (0.2%) at anthesis stage, M7 : Foliar spray of Cacl2 (0.1%) both at booting & anthesis stage, M8 : Foliar spray of Glycine betaine (100 mM) at booting stage, M9 :Foliar spray of Glycine betaine (100 mM) at anthesis stage, M10 :Foliar spray of Glycine betaine (50mM) both at booting & anthesis stage, M11 : Foliar spray of Arginine (2.5mM) at booting stage, M12: Foliar spray of Arginine (2.5mM) at anthesis stage, M13: Foliar spray of Arginine (1.25mM) both at booting & anthesis stage and M14 : Foliar spray of water both at heading & anthesis stage. For assessing physiological and biochemical parameters, flag leaf was sampled from each plot two days after each spray and estimation was done as per standard procedure. Result shows that grain yield was increased significantly and maximized (36.96 and 31.23 qha-1 for V1 and V2 respectively) when the crop received foliar spray of KNO3 at the rate of 0.5% both during booting and anthesis stage over no foliar spray (31.51 and 29.92 qha-1 for V1 and V2 respectively) and was found to be statistically at par with single foliar spray of KNO3 at the rate of 1% only during anthessis stage (36.52 and 30.63 qha-1 for V1 and V2 respectively). The corresponding values with the foliar spray of Cacl2 showed same trend like KNO3 and were found to be statistically at par. Besides, foliar spray of KNO3 at the rate of 0.5% both during booting and anthesis maintained significantly higher flag-leaf chlorophyll content during anthesis (5.86 mgg-1 of fresh weight) and grain filling (4.43 mgg-1 of fresh weight) over control (5.21 and 3.78 mgg-1 of fresh weight during anthesis and grain filling period, respectively) as well as maintained significantly lower level of electrolytic leakage (39.60 and 54.17%) and proline content (6.81 and 9.01 µ mole g-1 of fresh weight) during the same point of time over control (electrolyte leakage: 50.64 and 65.20% during anthesis and grain filling period respectively and proline content: 8.19 and 10.39 µ mole g-1 of fresh weight during anthesis and grain filling period, respectively) indicating lower degree of stress and higher heat tolerance capacity. Economic analysis revealed that the foliar spray of KNO3 at the rate of 0.5% both during booting and anthesis in DBW-14 significantly increased and maximized B: C ratio (1.9) over control (1.72) but did not respond significantly in K 307. Thus, the study suggests that foliar spray of KNO3 at the rate of 0.5% both during booting and anthesis in a short duration variety like DBW-14 is beneficial to mitigate the ill effects of high temperature stress and enhance the yield to a profitable limit.
