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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2010 - 2013551
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End date: 2013 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of acid lime cv. Kagzi (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) MADHUKAR, JAGTAP VAIBHAV; Patel, H. C.
    The present investigation on "Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of acid lime cv. Kagzi (Citrus aurantifoUa Swingle)" was carried out during spring season of the year 2011 at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The results revealed that treatment ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 % produced significantly the maximum tree height (3.45, 3.73 and 3.98 m at 4, 6 and 8 month after first spray). East West canopy spread (3.44, 3.76 and 4.04 m at 4, 6 and 8 month after first spray), South North canopy spread (3.40, 3.70 and 3.97 m at 4, 6 and 8 month after first spray). Treatment GA3 50 mg/1 took significantly minimum number of days for fruit set after first spray (23.67 days) while significantly minimum number of days for fruit maturity after first spray (135.67 days) were recorded with NAA 200 mg/1. Simultaneously, GAs 50 mg/1 also showed significant increased in tree height, East West canopy spread, South North canopy spread as well as also minimized number of days for fruit set. Yield attributing characters like fruit volume (47.90 cc), fruit diameter (4.54 cm), fruit weight (47.40 g) and fruit yield per tree (46.38 kg) significantly increased under treatment GA3 50 mg/1. In case of number of fruits per tree treatment NAA 200 mg/1 significantly increased the number of fruits per tree (1020.33) and it was statistically at par with treatments 2,4-D 20 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 %, NAA 100 mg/1, GA3 50 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % and FeSO4 0.5%. Quality attribiiting characters like total soluble solid (9.58 Brix.) and ascorbic acid content (30.41 mg/lOOg pulp) were significantly increased while number of seeds per fruit (6.13) and acidity (7.05 %) were significantly decreased under treatment GA3 50 mg/1. However, in case of total soluble solid and number of seeds per fruit, it was statistically at par with treatments GAs 50 mg/1, NAA 200 mg/1 and 2, 4-D 20 mg/1, ascorbic acid content was at par with treatment ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 %, NAA 200 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 %, FeS04 0.5 %, 2, 4-D 20 mg/1 and GA3 25 mg/1 and acidity % was statistically at par with treatment NAA 200 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % + FeS04 0.5 %, 2, 4-D 20 mg/1, ZnS04 0.5 % and FeS04 0.5%. From economical point of view, the maximum net realization of ? 89,664 ha with BCR of 1:2.41 was obtained in treatment NAA 200 mg/1 due to increased in fruit retention of plant followed by treatment GA3 50 mg/1 with net realization of ? 87,379 ha and BCR of 1:2.30 due to increased in fruit weight and size. It can be concluded that for securing higher fruit yield (46.00 kg), net return (Rs 89,664) and cost benefit ratio (1:2.41) with quality fruits the treatment NAA 200 mg/1 perform best and next best treatment was found GA3 50 mg/1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of time of nitrogen application and weed management practices on weeds, yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Middle Gujarat Conditions
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) Padheriya, DHAVAL R.; SADHU, A. C.
    A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of the year 2011-12 at the College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat). The treatments comprised combination of time of nitrogen application (T1 - 1/2 as basal + 1/2 at CRI, T2- 1/2 as basal + 1/4 at CRI + 1/4 at FND and T3 - 1/3 as basal + 1/3 at CRI + 1/3 at FND) and weed management practices [ W1- Pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha (PE) , W2 - Metsulfuron methyl @ 4g/ha (PoE at 25-30 DAS), W3 - Pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha (PE) fb Metsulfuron methyl @ 4g/ha (PoE at 25-30 DAS), W4 - Hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS and W5 - Weedy check ]. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with fifteen treatment combinations replicated four times. Effect of time of nitrogen application and weed management practices on plant population was found non-significant. Higher plant height at 30 DAS and the highest plant height at harvest was recorded under treatment T3 (1/3 as basal + 1/3 at CRI + 1/3 at FND) i.e. 44.57 and 77.32 cm, respectively, whereas significantly lower plant height at 30 DAS and at harvest was recorded in treatment T1 (1/2 as basal + 1/2 at CRI) i.e. 40.81 and 72.40 cm, respectively but it was at par with treatment T2. The maximum number of effective tillers per metre row length and length of ear were observed in the treatment T3 (Va as basal + 1/3 at CRI + 1/3 at FND) i.e. 64.67 and 16.23 cm, respectively. The minimum number of effective tillers per metre row length and length of ear were recorded in treatment T1 (1/2 as basal + 1/2 at CRI) i.e. 58.71 and 13.39 cm, respectively. The test weight was recorded significantly higher (48.99 g) in treatment T3 (1/3 as basal + 1/3 at CRI + 1/3 at FND), whereas the lowest test weight was recorded in treatment T1 ( 1/2 as basal + 1/2 at CRI) (41.69 g). Significantly the highest grain weight per plant i.e. 13.03 g/plant was recorded in treatment T3 (1/3 as basal + 1/3 at CRI + 1/3 at FND), While the lowest grain weight per plant was recorded in treatment T1 (1/2 as basal + 1/2 at CRI) i.e. 9.57 g. The grain and straw yields were recorded significantly the highest in treatment T3 (1/3 as basal + 1/3 at CRI + 1/3 at FND) i.e. 4017 and 6506 kg/ha, respectively, while the lowest grain and straw yields were recorded in treatment T1 (1/2 as basal + 1/2 at CRI) i.e. 3483 and 4962 kg/ha, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of benzyladenine on biochemical changes in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings during induced drought stress
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) AHIRE, SHAILESH VAMANRAO; TALATI, J. G.
    Investigations were carried out at Department of Biochemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the biochemical and physiological characterizations of two maize genotypes (resistant and susceptible) procured from Main Maize Research Station, Godhra and benzyladanine treatment given to seed followed by artificial drought at 15 days after sowing. Various biochemical and physiological parameters, isozymes study, protein analysis through SDS-PAGE and SSR analysis were analyzed. Biochemical analysis was carried out for moisture, total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, true protein, total chlorophylls, proline and free amino acids and various isozymes viz., peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, protein characterization through electrophoresis and SSR. Total chlorophylls, true protein and moisture content were decreased while total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, proline and free amino acids content were increased in both the genotypes due to drought stress. Application of BA (25 ppm) could be increased in all biochemical and physiological parameters for improved biochemical content in both genotypes. The moisture content was found minimum in resistant over susceptible genotype, however rest of the parameters were found higher in resistant as compared to susceptible genotype' in all the treatments. Due to drought stress length and weight of root, shoot were decreased in maize seedhngs of both the genotypes. However, resistant genotype showed better performance in higher root-shoot length and weight than susceptible genotype under drought stress conditions, through treatment benzyladenine was higher root-shoot length and weight in resistant and susceptible genotypes, which might be useful for biochemical study of resistant and susceptible genotypes under drought stress. SDS PAGE maize protein revealed the presence of maximum number of bands in susceptible genotype over resistant. Presence of bands with Rm value 0.26, 0.35, 0.46 and 0.48 only in 25 ppm BA soaked seed treatment, while 0.28 and 0.49 in 25 ppm BA + 10 % PEG treatment in resistant genotype. However, presence of bands with Rm value 0.53 in 10 % PEG treatment, while 0.58 and 0.63 observed in 25 ppm BA + 20 % PEG treatment in susceptible genotype. Based on banding pattern, the result suggested that protein banding profiling could be observed in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Different enzyme activities viz.,(peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) and their isozyme differs in both the genotypes at different treatments and showed significant differences and provide useful information of resistant and susceptible changes in maize seedlings and for further isozymes studies at 15 DAS, benzyladenine showed better performance in POX and PPO activity in maize seedlings. Isozyme electrophoresis of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were found to be differentiation for resistant and susceptible maize seedlings. For SSR analysis, total 4 primers were screened. Genetic variation was observed by resistant (CM-500) and susceptible (GYC-9327) genotype. Therefore specific gene presence or absence observed in resistant and susceptible maize seedlings, while resistant and susceptible genotypes found polymorphic allele. On the basis of present studies it could be concluded that, biochemical and physiological parameters, isozyme activities and electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and SSR offer potentially simple, rapid and reliable techniques for biochemical study in resistant and susceptible maize seedlings and chemical treatment of benzyladenine was superior observed in maize seedlings.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) PRAJAPATI, SOHILKUMAR KANUBHAI; Patel, J. N.
    Mustard is one of the most important edible oilseed crops of world and India as well. The present investigation was carried out at Agronomy farm, Bansilal Amrutlal College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2012-13 to estimate gene effect in respect to detail account of its parameters, heterosis and inbreeding depression, heritability and expected genetic advance for seed yield and its components. The experimental material consisted of four families (Laxmi x IC 399797, GM 1 x Vardan, IC 491446 x GM 2 and PM 67 x Varuna) developed from eight parents, each family comprised of six generations as P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2. Compact Family Block Design was used with three replications for evaluation of experimental material. The analysis of variance for families comparison revealed significant variation among families for most of the characters except number of secondary branches per plant. Whereas, among generations within family comparison, analysis of variance revealed significant differences among different generations for most of the characters except days to maturity (family VI), number of secondary branches per plant (family I, IV), number of siliqua per plant (family IV), average siliqua length (family III), number of seeds per siliqua (family III), seed yield per plant (family IV) and oil content (family I and III). Thus, sufficient variability was observed within material study. The scaling tests indicated the presence of epistasis for all the characters in different crosses except plant height and days to maturity in crosses I and II; number of primary branches per plant in crosses I, II and IV; length of main branch in cross IV; average siliquae length and number of seeds per siliquae in crosses I and II. The estimates of gene effect with family I (Laxmi x IC 399797) revealed importance of additive (d) gene effect for days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches and number of seeds per siliqua; dominance (h) gene effect was found to be important for plant height, days to maturity and average siliqua length; additive (d) and real epistasis (j) were found to be important for oil content; greater importance of dominance (d) and dominance epistasis (1) components of gene effects was observed for tests weight, seed yield per plant and protein content. With family II (GM 1 x Vardan) the estimates of gene effect revealed importance of different gene effect with different characters as; only additive gene effect for number of primary branches per plant; dominance (h) gene effect for plant height, average siliqua length, number of siliquae per plant and number of seeds per siliqua; greater magnitude of dominance (h) gene effect followed by dominance epistasis (1) for number of secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, test weight and oil content; and importance of additive (d) and real epistasis (j) for days to maturity and length of main branches. In family III (IC 491446 x GM 2), importance of only additive gene effect was observed for days to maturity and oil content; greater magnitude of dominance (d) and pseudo dominance (1) gene effects noticed for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, test weight; additive (d) and real epistasis (j) gene effects were found to be important for number of primary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant and seed yield per plant; while only dominance (h) gene effect preponded for length of main branch and average length of siliquae. Whereas, with family IV (PM 67 x Varuna) ,the estimates of gene effect suggested importance of only additive (d) gene effect for length of main branch, number of siliqua par plant and seed yield per plant; only dominance (h) gene effect was found to be important for number of primary branches per plant; additive (d) and real epistasis (j) was found significant for days to flowering; greater importance of dominance (d) as well as dominance epistasis (1) gene effects were observed for days to maturity, average length of siliquae, number of seeds per siliquae and test weight. For seed yield and other developmental characters, cross GM 1 x Vardan depicted significant and positive estimates of RH as well as HB, and it had significant and positive estimates of RH as well as HB for plant height, number of siliqua per plant and average siliqua length. All four crosses depicted significant and negative estimates of heterobeltiosis for number of seeds per siliqua which is an important yield contributing character, thereby restricting utilization of their heterotic effects for increasing seed yield. Crosses Laxmi x IC 399797 and GM 1 x Vardan depicted significant and positive estimates of heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis for average siliqua length which is desired to impart bold seed size; though both the crosses, Laxmi x IC 399797 and PM 67 x Varuna exhibited significant and negative RH for number of seeds per siliqua, length of main branch, days to 50% flowering and test weight; the cross PM 67 x Varuna had significant estimates of inbreeding depression in desired direction for number of siliqua per plant and average siliqua length. High heritability with high genetic advance revealed importance of additive gene effect for seed yield per plant in all four families. However, for almost all the yield contributing characters importance of both additive and non-additive components of gene effect was reflected through high to moderate estimates of heritability coupled with moderate to low estimates of expected genetic advance with all crosses. In general, involvement of both additive and non-additive gene effects with moderate to high heritability estimates coupled with moderate/high expected genetic advance as per cent of mean for most of the characters suggested that cyclic method of breeding such as reciprocal recurrent selection would be most effective to stabilize additive genes, to improve population mean and also to generate as well as to retain variability over selection cycles.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF SILICON ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MAIZE (Zea Mays L.)
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) PRAJAPATI, DHARMESHKUMAR T.; PATEL, K. C.
    A pot house study was conducted on maize in net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand. Bulk sample was collected from Agronomy farm and six kilograms of soil was taken in each polythene lined earthen pot and treated with four levels of organics viz., FYM @ 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 and enriched FYM with paddy straw @ 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 and four levels of calcium silicate i.e. 0.0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 t ha-1. The recommended dose of N and P was applied in the form of urea and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), respectively and mixed properly. The experiment was planned in a factorial completely randomized design with three repetitions. The shoot samples were analyzed for N, P, S, Ca, Mg and Si content. The uptake of elements was also computed using standard formula. The soil samples were analyzed for different parameters like soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available P, S and Si and exchangeable Ca and Mg content in soil at the harvest of maize. The FYM application at F5.0 level significantly increased green and dry shoot weight of maize over F2.5 level. Similarly application of enriched FYM with PS+FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1 also gave significantly higher yield than FYM 2.5 t ha-1. The improvement in green and dry shoot weight due to FYM5.0, PS+FYM2.5 as PS+FYM5.0 was to the tune of 3.6, 5.49 and 7.92 per cent over FYM2.5 level. The green and dry shoot weight of maize was also significantly increased with increasing levels of calcium silicate (source of silicon) up to CSi0.30 and latter two levels (CSi0.30 and CSi0.40) were at par. The increase in dry shoot weight was 4.50, 8.70 and 11.11 per cent due to respective level over control (CSi0.0). The FYM and PS + FYM application @ 5.0 t ha-1 significantly improved N content of maize shoot over respective lower level. The highest value of N (1.973 %) was found at PS+FYM5.0 level. Similarly application of enriched FYM with PS @ 5.0 t ha-1 also significantly increased P and S content over PS+FYM2.5 level. The highest P (0.406 %) and S (0.407 %) content of maize shoot was recorded at FYM5.0 and PS + FYM5.0 level, respectively. The P and S content was increased from 0.344 to 0.443 % and 0.348 to 0.401 % due to different levels of calcium silicate. The highest P and S content was 0.443 % and 0.401 % recorded at CSi0.40 level. The interaction between all the treatment combinations of FYM, PS + FYM and CSi had significantly increased P content of maize shoot over control (FYM2.5 x CSi0.0) except FYM2.5 x CSi2.0 combination. The highest content of P (0.47 %) was found at FYM5.0xCSio.40 level.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEAE VAR. BOTRYTIS.) IN MIDDLE GUJARAT
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) PATEL, PALAKBEN HASMUKHBHAI; Pundir, R. S.
    The present investigation was undertaken with a view to study the cost and return, resource use efficiency, marketing cost and price spread and constraints in production and marketing of cauliflower in middle Gujarat. A multistage random sampling design was used for selecting the sample. The study covered 4 talukas, 12 villages and 120 cauliflower growers (27 marginal, 38 small, 29 medium and 26 large) from Anand and Kheda districts. For studying price spread in marketing, 5 functionaries from each category of cauliflower marketing were randomly selected from Anand and Kheda markets. The major analytical tools employed for the study were tabular analysis, cost concept, production function analysis (using SPSS software) and price spread. Results of the study indicated that average cost of cultivation (Cost C2) of cauliflower per hectare was ₹73232.95. It was highest ₹114511.4 on medium farms and lowest ₹72622.81 on large farms. On an average. Cost A (paid out cost) formed 72.46 per cent, while Cost B accounted for 86.07 per cent of total cost. Out of total cost (Cost C2), human labour cost was ranked first with 15.81 per cent of the total cost followed by fertilizer cost (12.51 per cent), manure and cakes (11.29 per cent), sapling charges (9.86 per cent), rental value of own land (9.27 per cent), managerial costs (9.09 per cent), tractor charges (8.45 per cent), irrigation charges (7.93 per cent), plant protection chemical (6.57 per cent), interest on fixed capital (4.33 per cent) and bullock labour (2.71 per cent) on overall basis. Thus, these major items of expenditure contributed 97.82 per cent of total cost. The average yield of cauliflower per hectare was 333.13 quintals on sample farms which realized ₹ 118994.93, ₹ 66361.70, ₹ 56477.47 and ₹ 56250.72 as gross income, farm business income, family labour income and farm investment income, respectively. The net profit per hectare over Cost C2 was ₹46366.49. It varied from ₹14939.69 on marginal farms to ₹ 54405.55 on large farms. The overall input-output ratio on Cost C2 was about 1:1.64 and it was highest on large farms (1:1.75) and lowest on marginal farms (1:1.20). Looking to the cost, return and input-output ratio, it is concluded that cauliflower cultivation was profitable vegetables crop in Middle Gujarat condition. In order to find out the efficiency of resources used by cauliflower growers, Cobb Douglas production function was employed; taking gross income as dependent variable. This analysis indicates that only cost of bullock labour, plant protection chemical and irrigation were found highly significant influence on the yield. The value of co-efficient of multiple determinations (R2) was 0.96 which showed that 96 per cent variation in the yield was accounted for the independent variables included in the function. The sum of regression co-efficient was (1.071) indicating increasing return to scale therefore more rational use of the inputs leading to get higher returns. As cauliflower is a market oriented crop, on an average about 93 per cent of production was marketed, while negligible portion was utilized for other purposes. The producer to wholesaler-cum-commission agent to retailer to consumer was the major marketing channel as more that 50 per cent of cauliflower moved through this route. The total cost in marketing of cauliflower per quintal was ₹ 337.85 which was 43.19 per cent of the consumers' rupee. Amongst it the highest marketing cost was observed in retailers which accounted for as (₹129.25) followed by wholesaler-cumcommission agent (₹70.63) and growers (₹19.35) per quintal. Results also indicated that commission was the major marketing cost possessed by wholesaler-cum-commission agent while retailer possessed damage cost. The margins in cauliflower marketing amounted to ₹ 224.99 per quintal which was 28.76 per cent of consumers' rupee. The producer's share in consumer's rupee was 43.19 per cent. The marketing efficiency was lower than unity (0.77). The major production, marketing and economic constraints faced by the cauliflower growers were non availability of fertilizer and labour in time, lack of irrigation facility, fluctuation in market price and long distance market. Further, they also faced the problems of high cost of fertilizers, planting material and pesticides.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex. Poir)
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) CHRISTIAN, SOHILKUMAR SIMONBHAI; Acharya, R. R.
    The present investigation was undertaken in order to estimate the per se performance, extent of heterosis, general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids in pumpkin for 15 characters. The crosses were attempted by using line x tester mating design among four lines and 10 testers during kharif 2009. The resultant 40 hybrids along with 14 parents were tested using randomized block design with three replications at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2010. The analysis of variance for experimental design indicated significant differences among genotypes, parents and hybrids for most of the characters studied. The mean squares due to females were significant for the characters, viz., first male flowering node, primary branches per plant, fruits per plant, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and fruit polar diameter. Likewise, the male parents differed significantly for former five traits along with first female flowering node and total sugar content. This indicated sufficient variability among males and females for these traits. The mean squares due to parents vs hybrids were also highly significant for fruit yield per plant, first male flowering node, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit equatorial diameter, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solids and total sugar content suggested the existence of overall heterosis and the significant differences between the parents and hybrids with respect to these characters. The study of per se performance of parents revealed that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 45 and PKM 51 were the better performer for fruit yield per plant and yield attributing components. The female parent, Anand Pumpkin 1 ranked first for fruits per plant and third place for fruit polar diameter as well as fruit weight. The male parent PKM 45 was noticed for first position for fruit polar diameter, 100 seed weight and total sugar content. The sort of the best three hybrids among the forty hybrids were Co 2 x PJCM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 on the basis of their/>er se performance for fruit yield per plant. The hybrid Co 2 x PKM 19 showed the highest heterobeltiosis as well as standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant among 40 hybrids. This hybrid also manifested significant heterosis over better parent and standard check in desirable direction for fruits per plant, seeds per fruit, fruit weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Besides this, the hybrids PKM 51 x PKM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 were also found promising. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to females and males were significant for fruit yield per plant, days to opening of first male flower, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The mean squares due to lines x testers were significant for all the characters except for days to opening of first female flower indicated the significant contribution of SCA variance. The variance for SCA component were higher than respective GCA variances component and less than unit potence ratio confirmed the preponderance of non- additive gene action for all the traits except days to opening of first female flower. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 2 and PKM 19 were found good general combiner for fruit yield per plant. Moreover, PKM 19 was good general combiner for first male flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Whereas, PKM 2 was also good general combiner for characters, viz., days to opening of first male flower, days to opening of first female flower, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The parent Anand Pumpkin 1 depicted good general combiner for fruit weight and 100 seed weight. The two superior crosses namely Co 2 x PKM 19 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 exhibited higher per se performance, positively significant and high magnitude of heterobelfiosis as well as standard heterosis and significant sea effects for fruit yield per plant. These hybrids also registered significantly higher heterosis and sea effects in desired direction for other yield attributing components. Therefore, these crosses could be further evaluated over years and locations to exploit for commercial cultivation or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of bio-fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) GODAGE, SURAJ SAMBHAJI; Parekh, N. S.
    The present investigation on "Influence of biofertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of guava. [Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda" was carried out during Kharif-Rabi season of the year 2011 at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. There were twenty treatments and the treatments comprising organic fertilizers (FYM), bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB 5ml/tree each), three levels of nitrogen (500, 375, 250 g N/ha), two levels of phosphorous (250, 157.5 g P/ha) and 250 g K/ha in all trees excluding absolute control were tried in Randomized Block design with three replications. For growth parameters the results revealed that treatment of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O+ Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree was obtained significantly maximum tree height (3.80 m), girth of primary branch (28.67 cm), East West tree spread (5.20 m), North South tree spread (5.13 m) at harvesting stage while number of primary and secondary branches were recorded non significant effect at harvesting stage. For flowering characters significantly minimum number of days for flowering (32.33 days), maximum number of flowers per branch (25.33), fruit set per branch (90.20%) and fruit retention (92.96%) were recorded with treatment 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree as compared to rest of the treatment in guava cv. Allahabad Safeda. For fruit attributing characters like fruit diameter (10.07 cm), fruit weight (215.06 g) and pulp weight (193.44 g) were significantly increased under the treatment of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree. As compared to other treatments the treatment of 100% N + 75% P2O5 + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree recorded minimum peel weight (15.00 g) and in treatment of 75% N + 100% P2O5 + 100% K2O+ Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree recorded minimum weight of seeds (4.0 g). While, minimum number of seeds (111.33) were recorded in 100% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree. For yield attributing characters, number of fruits per tree (144.33), fruit yield per tree (32.13 kg) and per hectare (89.01 q) significantly increased under treatment of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree as compared to rest of the treatments« For quality attributing characters, the total soluble solids (11.06° Brix.) was significantly increased under treatment 100% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree and shelf life of fruit (12.50 days) was significantly increased under treatment 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree as compared to rest of the treatments. From economical point of view, the highest net realization (1,58,221 ha-1) with CBR (1:8.99) was obtained in treatment T14 (75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree) followed by treatment T8 (100% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree) as compared to rest of the treatments. For securing higher fruit 5yield and net realization, application of 75% N + 75% P2O5 + 100% K2O + Azotobacter 5ml/tree + PSB 5ml/tree was found beneficial for getting higher fruit yield in guava cv. Allahabad Safeda.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SEED SOAKING IN PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND CHEMICALS ON SEED GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ACID LIME SEEDLING CV. KAGZI (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) NAGAR, HARI PRAKASH; PATEL, H. C.
    The present investigation on "Effect of seed soaking in plant growth regulators and chemicals on seed germination and growth of acid lime seedling cv. Kagzi (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)" was carried out during the year 2011-12 at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. The study was conducted to assess the role of PGR's and chemicals on seed germination and vegetative growth of acid lime cv. Kagzi. The soil of experimental area was loamy sand in texture, medium available of nitrogen and phosphorus, high in potash and low in organic carbon content. There were thirteen treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that treatment GA3150 mg/1 took significantly less time for germination (21.33 days) and gave maximum germination (93.75%), plant height (3.05,11.63,17.60,24.23,31.16 and 36.56 cm at 30, 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively), number of leaves (10.53, 22.53 and 30.53 at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, respectively), girth of seedling at top (0.34, 0.49, 0.59, 0.66 and 0.97 cm at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively), girth of seedling at middle (0.55, 0.67, 0.78, 0.94 and 1.32 cm at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively) girth of seedling at bottom (0.51, 0.89, 0.96,1.30 and 1.51 cm at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively), fresh weight of seedlings (15.76,19.30, 25.16, 29.91 and 34.37 g at 60, 90,120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively ) dry weight of seedlings (3.20,4.43, 9.20,12.27 and 16.18 g at 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAS, respectively), length of primary root (34.07 cm at 180 DAS), number of secondary roots (39.67 at 180 DAS) and survival percentage (81.12 and 80.46 at 150 & 180 DAS, respectively) as compared to rest of the treatments. Simultaneously treatment of thiourea 2000 mg/1 also showed significant effects on number of leaves (38.66, 52.33 and 55.33 at 120,150 and 180 DAS, respectively) and chlorophyll content of leaves (108.77 cci at 180 DAS). On the other hand, NAA 150 mg/1 showed significant effect on length of seedling (68.77 cm at 180 DAS) as compared to rest of the treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that seed soaking in GA3 150 mg/l was found effective treatment for germination, growth vigour as well as higher net return & cost benefit ratio.