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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2008 - 200935
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End date: 2009 × Start date: 2008 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EFFECT OF KETOPROFEN AND FEBRILE CONDITION ON PHARMACOKINETICS OF LEVOFLOXACIN AND SAFETY OF LEVOFLOXACIN ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH KETOPROFEN IN SHEEP
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) PATEL, URVESHKUMAR DAHYABHAI; Thaker, A. M.
    Levofloxacin is a novel third generation fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently recommended with antibacterials for the treatment of various bacterial infections accompanied by fever and other inflammatory conditions in animals. Ketoprofen (KTP) is an aryl propionic acid derivative, non-selective COX inhibitor NSAID having anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. In veterinary practice, ketoprofen is used to lower body temperature in animals having fever, to relieve bacteremia and pain in all animals. Pharmacokinetics of an antibacterial drug may change when administered with anti-inflammatory drug or in febrile animals. Despite the great potential for clinical use of levofloxacin, the data on its pharmacokinetics and safety profile in sheep are scarce. The present study was planned to determine the effect of intramuscularly administered ketoprofen (3 mg/kg) and febrile condition (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced) on pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following intravenous, subcutaneous and oral administration (3 mg/kg) in sheep and safety of daily intravenous administration of levofloxacin alone (3 mg/kg) and in combination with intramuscular administration of ketoprofen (3 mg/kg) for five days in sheep by monitoring haematological and blood biochemical profiles.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF FEEDING BYPASS PROTEIN AND FAT ON MILK PRODUCTION IN BUFFALOES OF DAHOD DISTRICT
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) VAHORA, S. G.; PARNERKAR, SUBHASH
    Eighteen Mehsani buffaloes in their 2nd and 3rd lactation were selected to conduct on-farm trial at the Jalat and Borkheda villages of Dahod district for 150 days duration. The animals were selected on the basis of their average daily milk yield of last lactation, present daily milk yield, fat % and body weight. The experiment was initiated on 5th day of lactation. The experimental animals were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments i.e. T1 (Control) and T2 (Bypass protein) and T3 group (Bypass protein and bypass fat). There were six animals in each group. The experiment was conducted following Completely Randomized Design. All the experimental buffaloes were individually offered a basal diet of green shedha grass (5 kg) and wheat straw ad lib along with required amount of concentrate mixtures to meet their protein and energy needs for maintenance arid for milk production as per NRC (2001). The CP requirement of control group buffaloes was worked out and was supplied through 1.5 kg cotton seed cake; 1.5 kg gram chuni and the remaining from Type n compound concentrate mixture as per ISI (1979) Specification. The UDP requirement of treatment groups' (T2 and T3) buffaloes was worked out and was supplied through 1 kg formaldehyde (HCHO) treated guar meal and 2 kg cotton seed cake. The remaining quantity of CP required in treatment groups was supplied through gam chuni (up to 1.5 kg) and from compound concentrate mixture, so as to make the control and treatment ration isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The commercial bypass fat supplement, Megalac was provided to buffaloes in T3 group @ lOg/kg milk yield as per the recommendation of the manufacturer M/s. Vetcare India Ltd., Bangalore.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of Pituitary transcription factor, Insulin like growth factor, Leptin, Oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 and Proteases inhibitor gene loci in Mehsana buffaloes
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) Deshpande, Manisha Ramesh; Rank, D. N.
    The present work was carried out to study the polymorphism in Pituitary transcription factor (PITl exon 6), Insulin like growth factor (IGFl exon 4), Leptin (exon 2), Oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLRl 3'UTR) and proteases inhibitor gene (PI exon 2) loci in Mehsana buffaloes through PCR-RFLP and sequencing in Mehsana buffaloes. DNA extraction was carried out by John's method from sixty blood samples of non related Mehsana buffaloes from the animals registered under progeny testing programme of Dudhsagar Research and Development Association (DURDA), Mehsana. Locus specific primers were used for PCR amplification for each of five loci. The fragment of 451bp of Pit-1 was amplified by PCR, using the primers reported by Renaville et al. (1997) and digested with restriction enzyme Hinfl. All the samples showed identical restriction pattern consisting of one site at 207 bp obtaining two fiiagments of 207bp and 244 bp. All the animals revealed monomorphic pattern with BB genotype. This result indicated no polymorphism existing in Mehsana buffalo at Pitl exon 6 locus as revealed by Hinfl RFLP. The study revealed only one allele B fixed in Mehsana buffalo with allele frequency 1.0. PCR products of representative samples were purified and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector of InsT/Aclone TM kit. Ligated recombinant vector was transformed in competent E. coli (DH5-a) cells. Recombinant plasmids were obtained and used for cycle sequencing. Sequencing revealed G—>T variation between cattle and buffalo at 283 nucleotide position. The fragment of 320 bp of IGF Iwas amplified by polymerase chain reaction, using the primers reported byDierkes e^a/.(1999) and digested with Ecol30I. On screening the IGF/Ecol30I polymorphism in Mehsana buffalo, all the animals revealed monomorphic pattern with three bands of 34, 127, and 159 bp (B allele) indicating two RE sites at 127 and 161 bp position. The investigation revealed B allele fixed in Mehsana buffaloes. As there is no polymorphism, association analysis is not warranted. PCR products of 320bp of IGF-1 (exon 4) from representative samples were purified and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector. Recombinant plasmids were obtained and used for cycle sequencing. The nucleotide sequence variation between cattle and buffalo was present at four nucleotide positions i.e. 35bp, 102bp, 132bp, 257 bp. The fragment of 331 bp of leptin gene loci was amplified by PCR, using the primers reported by Haegeman et al. (2000). Amplified products were digested with HphI and electrophoresed on 2% agarose. All the samples showed identical restriction pattern with 331 bp fiugment only. On screening the Leptia/HphI polymorphism in Mehsana buffalo one genotype AA was observed indicating allele A fixed in Mehsana buffalo. Representative sample PCR products of 331bp of leptin (exon 2) was purified and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector. Recombinant plasmids were obtained and used for cycle sequencing. The nucleotide sequence variation between cattle and buffalo was presentat six nucleotide positions i.e. 100,112,119,135,185,321. OLRl 3' UTR region was explored for Pst 1 RFLP in Mehsana buffalo. The primers reported by Khatib et al. (2006) for Bos taunts could not amplify the region in Mehsana buffaloes. Hence, new primer sets were designed using Bioinformatic tools, Primer 3.0 and Primer Express softwares (http://www.genome.wi.mit.edu/cgi bin/primer/primer3_www.cgi) on the basis of gene sequence available in the data base NW_174132.2. A 288 bp fragment of OLR gene loci was amplified by PCR, using the designed primers and digested with Pst 1. It has aPst 1 site at 215 bp and produced two fragments of 215 and 73 bp. Representative sample PCR products of 288 bp (3'UTR) was purified and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector. Recombinant plasmids were obtained and used for cycle sequencing. The nucleotide sequence variation between cattle and buffalo was present at nine nucleotide positions i.e. 85,91,116,129,151,168,171,217,240. The fragment of 448 bp of PI gene loci was amplified by PCR, using the primers reported by Khatib et al. (2005) and digested with restriction enzyme SfaNI. SfaNI digestion of PI axon 2 gene fragments revealed monomorphic pattern with appearance of three bands of 242bp, 124bp, 82 bp (B allele) in all the samples. Representative sample PCR products of 448 bp of PI (exon 2) was purified and cloned in pTZ57R/T vector. Recombinant plasmids were obtained and used for cycle sequencing. The nucleotide sequence variation between cattle and buffalo was present at ten nucleotide positions i.e. 110,141,146,170,236,257,277,306,350,396. None of the polymorphic site reported in cattle for PITl, IGFl, Leptin, OLRl and PI could be verified in buffalo. Genomic nucleotide sequences of PITl, IGFl, Leptin, OLRl and PI was submitted to Genbank of NCBI database. Bankit online sequence submission tool was used for submission of sequences to Genbank. 1. GQ385224: Bubalus bubalis POU domain class 1 transcription factor 1 (PITl) gene, exon 6 and partial cds. 2. GQ385225 : Bubalus bubalis serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (SERPINAl) gene, partial cds. 3. GQ385226: Bubalus bubalis oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLRl)gene,3'UTR. 4. GQ385227: Bubalus bubalis insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFl) gene, exon 4 and partial cds. 5. GQ385228: Bubalus bubalis leptin gene, exon 2 and partial cds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIA SPECIES FROM MARKET MEAT
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) NAYAK, JITENDRAKUMAR BHOGILAL; Brahmbhatt, M. N.
    The present study was carried out with a view to isolate and identify Listeria spp. from different samples of buffalo meat, chevon and mutton sold in retail market as well as from butcher's hand and their instruments in Anand city. The recovered isolates were studied for their properties in relation to phenotypic characterization (CAMP test), standardization of PCR protocol for detection of i . monocytogenes in raw meat, specificity and sensitivity of the developed assay, comparision of the PCR assay with conventional culture method for the detection of L. monocytogenes from meat, comparison of efficacy of different selective plating media for the recovery of Listeria spp, detection of virulence genes by PCR and antimicrobial drug sensitivity pattern of Listeria spp. to various antibiotics conmionly used in human and veterinary treatment. Altogether 500 samples comprising of buffalo meat, mutton and chevon (150 samples each) as well as swabs from butcher's hand, knife and log (50 samples) were collected from randomly selected five different retail meat shops of Anand (Gujarat State) and subjected to two stage enrichment process with UVM 1 and UVM 2 for two days each, followed by plating on three selective media viz. DRIA, PALCAM and Oxford agar. Out of 500 samples collected, 25 (5.5%) meat samples and 2 (4.0%) swabs were positive for Listeria spp. with overall prevalence of 5.4 per cent. Out of these 25 positive meat samples, 12 (2.7 %) samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, 6 (1.3%) samples positive for L. innocua, 5 (1.1%) samples for L. seeligeri and 2 (0.4%) samples for L. welshimeri. Out of two positive swab samples 1 (2.0%) was positive forZ. monocytogenes and 1 (2.0%) forZ. innocua. The highest prevalence of Listeria spp. was observed from mutton (7.3%) followed by buffalo meat (6.7%), chevon {1.1%) and least in butchers' hand and knife swab (2.0 % each). L. monocytogenes isolated from 13 (2.6 %) samples. The observation in the study suggested DRIA medium found superior to PALCAM and Oxford agar for the recovery of Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes with the highest recovery on DRIA (92.6 %) followed by PALCAM (88.9 %) and Oxford agar (59.3 %). The PCR assay targeting iap gene was found useful for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes up to the level as low as 2 x10 to power 1 CFU/ml from various samples. PCR targeting iap gene can be used for the rapid detection of L. monocytogenes. The specificity of both the cultural and PCR method was compared and foimd to be 100.0 per cent. Very good correlation was observed between these two methods for detection of Z. monocytogenes. All the 13 L. monocytogenes isolates were screened for the presence or absence of virulence genes viz. inlA, inlB, InU and plcB using specific primers. Presence of virulence associated genes in L. monocytogenes isolates ranged from 76.9 per cent to 100.0 per cent suggesting the presence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes in meat samples. The highest degree of sensitivity of listeria isolates was observed towards gentamicin (96.3%) followed by ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (92.6% each); tetracycline and erythromycin (88.9% each); chloramphenicol and penicillin G (85.2% each) while isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (81.5%) and cefotaxime (70.4 %). The antibiogram of L. monocytogenes isolates showed cent percent sensitivity to penicillin G followed by ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline (92.3% each), erythromycin (84.7%), gentamicin, rifampicin (76.9%), where as the maximum resistance was recorded against ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF BIOORGANICS AND LEVELS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND POST HARVEST QUALITY OF SWEET CORN (Zea mays.L., saccharata) cultivar "Madhuri
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2009) PANCHAL BHARATKUMAR HARILAL; Dr. R. A. Khimani
    A field experiment was conducted at the Main Maize Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Godhra to study the "Influence of bioorganics and levels of chemical fertilizers on the growth, yield and post harvest quality of sweet corn (Zea mays L.,saccharata) cv. Madhuri.” The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture. The soil was low in organic carbon and nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and high in potassium, during both the years. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replication and fifteen treatments. The fifteen treatments comprised of four levels of bioorganics i.e. FYM, VC, biofertilizers (ABA-1 + PSB-16) and no biofertilizers and three levels of chemical fertilizers (50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) with additional treatments T13 (application of 10 t ha-1 FYM + 2.5 t ha-1 VC and seed
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Isolation, Identification And Molecular Characterization Of Listeria Spp From Animals And Serodetection Of Antilisterial Antibodies
    (Anand Agricultural University; Anand, 2008) Yadav, Mahendra Mohan; Roy, Ashish
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Succession, Population Dynamics And Management Of Major Insect Pests Of Okra, [Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench]
    (Anand Agricultural University; Anand, 2008) Dabhi, Mahendrasinh Vinodbhai; Koshiya, D. J.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access