Thumbnail Image

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

Browse

End date: 1999 × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 19
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF HERBOMINERAL TOXIN BINDER IN EXPERIMENTAL AFLATOXICOSIS IN BROILER CHICKEN
    (AAU, Anand, 1999) Patel, Nishant R.; Joshi, B. P.
    The present study on experimental induction of aflatoxicosis was undertaken with a view to investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1 on performance of broiler chicks at 0.5 and 1.0 ppm dose level as well as to evaluate the efficacy of Herbomineral Toxic Binder (HTB) at 1.25 and 2.5 kg per tonne of feed as an adsorbent and hepatoprotective agent. The experimental design consisted of 315 birds equally distributed into nine groups comprising of 35 birds in each group. Birds in-group A were fed with control diet. Birds from groups B and C received aflatoxin B1 at the rate of 0.5 and 1.0 ppm respectively in the feed. Groups D and E were treated with 0.125 and 0.25 percent level of HTB respectively along with 0.5 ppm of aflatoxin B1. Similarly, groups F and G were supplemented with 0.125 and 0.25 percent level of HTB respectively along with 1.0 ppm of aflatoxin B1. The last two groups H and I received HTB alone at the rate of 0.125 and 0.25 percent respectively in the feed. Five birds from each group were sacrificed at weekly interval for the period of six weeks and the detailed study was made for the evaluation of different set parameters. The experiment started with production of aflatoxin B1 on rice and its quantification in moudly rice as well as in feed prepared for dietary schedule. The different parameters included, weekly body weight, weekly weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio to evaluate the general performance of the birds. The biochemical parameters included total serum proteins, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides. The gross and histopathological lesions of organs collected viz.. Liver, kidney and bursa of Fabricious were also recorded. The establishment of aflatoxicosis was confirmed on gross and histopathological lesions. This was further supported by significant decrease in the values of total serum proteins, serum cholesterol and triglycerides and an increase in the values of serum ALT and AST at both the levels of 0.5 and 1.0 ppm of aflatoxin B1. The body weight and body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency were also affected by aflatoxin during the study. The severity was dose dependent in nature. Liver appeared to be the target organ involved in aflatoxicosis. From third week onwards the gross lesions in the liver were characterised by enlargement and pale yellowish discoloration of the organ The liver also appeared fatty and fragile. From fourth week onwards, the kidneys showed mild enlargement and paleness while bursa of Fabricious revealed mild atrophy. Histopathological lesions in liver were marked by mild to moderate vascular congestion and hemorrhages, moderate to severe fatty changes, focal to diffuse areas of infiltration of mononuclear cells, and mild to moderate hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium. The kidney lesions comprised of mild to moderate congestion, focal areas of tubular hemorrhages, focal to diffuse tubular degeneration and infiltration of mononuclear cells. HTB + aflatoxin fed groups showed significant improvement over their respective aflatoxin fed birds. Marked improvement was observed on HTB supplementation at the rate of 2.5 kg per tonne of feed. A significant increase in body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency was noticed in HTB + aflatoxin fed groups. The biochemical parameters also showed a significant improvement in these groups over their respective aflatoxin treated groups. The histopathological lesions in the liver and kidneys showed the same trend of improvement characterised by mild lesions as compared to their aflatoxin treated groups. The findings suggested that by supplementation of HTB at 0.25 percent level there is restoration of damaging effects of aflatoxin Overall nature of the findings suggested that aflatoxicosis can be induced at both the levels of 0.5 and 1.0 ppm of aflatoxin but marked effects can be achieved at 1.0-ppm level. It has adverse effects on performance and general health of the birds. HTB supplementation was found to be effective in improving general health and performance by combating or restoring the damage caused by aflatoxin at the dose level of 2.5 kg per tonne of feed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF DETERMINANT FOR TRANSFERABLE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF S. GALLINARUM
    (AAU, Anand, 1999) Patel, Ashvinkumar Ramabhai; Roy, A.
    In the present study characterization of antimicrobial drug resistance and its transferable nature in S. gallinarum isolates was carried out. Further curing of R-determinants and the effect of curing on virulence on virulence associated factros viz., colicinogeny and serum resistance was ascertained. Virulence of isolates were assayed by lethality and invasiveness assay and attempts were also made to isolate plasmid from S. gallinarum isolates. In vitro antimicrobial drug resistance against 10 commonly used antibiotics were detected. All the S. gallinarum isolates showed resistance against one or more drug tested. All the isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole while higher number of isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid, gentamicin and enrofloxacin. Moderate number of isolates showed resistance against furazolidone, streptomycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole while resistance against pefloxacin was shown by lesser number of isolates. Least resistance isolates were observed for chloramphenicol. In vitro transfer of drug resistance was also studied. Out of 12 S. gallinarum isolates tested all (100 per cent) were found to transfer resistance against tetracycline, nine (75 per cent) isolates transferred en bloc resistance against tetracycline, gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole while three (25 per cent) isolates transferred resistance against only tetracyc1ine. In vivo transfer of drug resistance was carried out from two donor strains of S. gallinarum to recipient E. coli strain. Out of two S. gallinarum strains tested both revealed transfer of drug resistance from donor to recipient. Total 20 (57.1 per cent) isolates out of 35 isolates tested were found to produce bacteriocin. Twelve isolates were tested for transfer of colicinogeny, out of which six (56 per cent) were able to transfer of colicinogeny to recipient E. coli strain along with multiple drug resistance. Elimination of drug resistance (curing) markers in six strains of S. gallinarum were studied using different chemical and physical method. The chemical agents used for curing were ethidium bromide (EtBr) and novobiocin (Novo) ethidium bromide and novobiocin combination and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In present study the elimination of drug resistance by chemical agents observed frequently. Use of EtBr and SDS resulted in curing of drug resistance in all six strains while five and four strains were cured by EtBr and Novo combination and novobiocin alone respectively. In physical method of curing, 3 out of six S. gallinarum strains were eliminated drug resistance on 1 day of incubation at 45°C and higher number of curing frequencies, was observed on subsequent days. Thus resistance markers were more readily eliminated by incubation at 45°C for prolonged periods of time rather than by chemical agents. Resistance of six strains of S. gallinarum wild and their cured derivatives to bactericidal effect of chicken serum was studied. The study revealed that all the wild and cured strains tested were resistant to chicken serum. To know the role of virulence associated factors like colicinogeny and serum resistance, virulence assay of six selected wild and their cured derivatives was carried out by determining their lethality as well as invasiveness ability in day old chicks. In lethality assay wild strains (S-21, S-4 and S-27) caused mortality 66.66, 60.00 and 46.66 per cent respectively, while their cured derivatives caused mortality of 46.66, 20.00 and 20.00 per cent respectively. At the 15th day post infection (PI) surviving birds revealed infection as per the CFU count method. In invasiveness assay there was no significant difference in the CFU count among S. gallinarum wild. isolates and their cured derivatives was observed upto 12 day CFU count, but by the 16th day none of the chicks survived in wild strains. Thus it indicates that wild strains were more invasive and lethal as compared to their cured derivatives. All the surviving birds in cured group revealed infection at 16th PI. There was no apparent difference found between lesions of wild and the cured derivatives during virulence assay. Isolation of plasmids from 10 wild and their eight cured derivatives of S. gallinarum were carried out. Majority of the strains showed a plasmid of molecular weight 56 Md. In addition other small plasmids found were of 2.8 Md and 1.79 Md molecular weight.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEROPREVALENCE AND DIAGNOSIS OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
    (AAU, Anand, 1998) Hinsu, T. V.; Kher, H. N.
    Bluetongue (BT) is an insect transmitted viral disease of several species of domestic and wild ruminants. The disease is a cause for serious concern to livestock industry due to staggering direct and indirect economic losses. In many countries like India having considerable sheep population, the disease has become endemic. Severity of the infection depends upon the species and breed of animals, serotypes/strains of the virus and prevalent ecosystem. The present study was aimed to find out prevalence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies in domestic ruminants and of Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) antibodies in cattle of Kutch district of Gujarat state. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGIO) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) employed for antibody detection were also compared in terms of their sensitivity and specificity. An attempt was also made to standardize Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting BTV nucleic acid. Out of 162 sera tested, 87 (53.70%) and 126 (77.78%) were found to be positive for BTV antibodies by AGID and c-ELISA respectively. Specieswise, 24.56 and 63.16% of sheep, 80.00 and 96.36% of goats and 58.00 and 74.00% of cattle revealed antibodies to BTV by AGIO and c-ELISA respectively. The highest prevalence rate was found in Northern-east region (70.69 and 86.21%), followed by Central (48.72 and 75.64%) and Southern-west region (30.77 and 65.38%) of the Kutch district, respectively by AGID and c-ELISA. Female animals (63.03 and 86.81%) showed more prevalence than male animals (36.63 and 66.20%), as determined by AGID and c-ELISA respectively. In sheep, higher prevalence rate in native Patanwadi breed (47.06 and 86.16%) was observed than the crossbreds (11.76 and 43.48%) by AGID and c-ELISA respectively. A total of 50 cattle sera tested for BTV antibodies were also tested for EHDV antibodies by EHDV-AGID test. Of these, 9 (18.00%) were found positive for EHDV antibodies. Amongst these positive sera, five reacted specifically to EHDV antigen, without crossreacting to BTV antigen. Comparison of c-ELISA and AGID tests for the detection of BTV antibodies, revealed that the former test was better in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Of the total 162 serum samples, 87 and 126 samples reacted positively in AGIO and c-ELISA respectively. Eighty six samples were found positive and 35 negative by both the tests; while 40 samples detected positive by c-ELISA were negative by AGIO. Only one sample reacted positively to AGIO but negative in c-ELISA. This sample turned out to be positive for EHDV antibodies. Relative sensitivity and specificity of AGIO to c-ELISA were 68.25 and 97.22% respectively and overall agreement between both the tests was 74.69%. RT-PCR was employed for detecting BTV nucleic acid using BTV groupspecific segment 7 prime and BHK-21 cells adopted BTV serotype 1. This was attempted essentially to standardize this highly sensitive technique, so as to use it routinely in future for the field samples. The study revealed an amplified product of 500 bp specific to the primer used in the study.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL SHEEP HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM INCLUDING EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMY RECORDS FOR PRODUCTION
    (AAU, Anand, 1999) Patel, A. J. Kachhia; Patel, P. R.
    Sheep plays an important role in our national economy thriving in arid and semi-arid region and providing meat, wool, skin, manure and milk which contributing financial support to the rural people. The present study was carried out from 1st September, 1997 to 31st August, 1998 in one six villages of the Kutch district, which embodies results of endeavours directed towards development of rural sheep health surveillance system for generation of data on production/reproduction performance, disease profile, mortalities and culling patterns among rural sheep and for economic analysis of losses due to diseases. A total of 1,744 sheep screened through surveillance indicated an overall prevalence of disease to the extent of 67.49 per cent. The highest prevalence was recorded due to parasitic diseases (22.13%), majority in Patanwadi breed (69.07%), in the age group of adult sheep (69.72%). The overall high prevalence of disease was recorded in male animals (68.88%), with poor health status (92.06%), in large flock size (71.68%), which were husbanded in poor hygienical condition (79.62%), along with fair plan of nutrition (68.34%). The prevalence indicated significant high peak level during July-August months (25.92%), especially in monsoon season (34.46%), positively correlated with high humidity and rainfall. Amongst the different disease groups, the parasitic diseases (22.13%) ranked high followed by diseases of miscellaneous group (13.99%), digestive disorders (13.02%), bacterial diseases (12.27%), reproductive disorders (3.27%), fungal diseases (1.49%) and viral diseases (1.32%). Amongst these, the predominant disease conditions prevailed in the rural area were gastrointestinal nematode (8.72%), ectoparasite (6.25%), pneumonia (6.02%), enteritis (4.47%) and wound (3.10%). The overall mortality and case fatality rate were recorded as 9-29 and 13.76 per cent respectively. The higher mortality was in miscellaneous disease group (4.93%) followed by bacterial diseases (2.35%), digestive disorders (1.78%), parasitic diseases (0.17%) and viral diseases (0.06%). Of the major causes of mortality, pneumonia (1.20%), debility (1.20%), enteritis (0.80%), toxaemia (0.80%) and predation (0.75%) were found predominantly. Mortality was found higher in Patanwadi breed (9.83%), specifically in lamb group (16.04%), in male animal (13.78%), having poor health status (18.69%) and poor plan of nutrition (11.65%). Also the higher mortality was observed in small size flock (11.89%) and having fair hygienic condition (10.19%), similarly during July-August months (4.01%) and during rainy season (4.76%) compared to lower mortality during November- December months (0.46%) in winter season (1.43%). The projected economical losses due to treatment cost, reduction in wool production and growth rate, reduction in reproductive efficiency, losses due to mortality and culling were also calculated in the present study. The average treatment cost, reduction in wool production, poor growth rate, decline in reproduction efficiency, losses due to mortality and culling were quantified to be Rs.17=65, 1=90, 37=61, 190=44, 57=31 and 32=34 per sheep per year respectively in the present study. The use of computer programme for data recording, its storage, analysis and retrieval in present epidemiological surveillance proved much useful since sizable number of data was handled and analysed in shortest time with high accuracy. Advice and recommendations were made to initiate suitable control measures and prophylaxis against major sheep diseases by regular health care, deworming, better husbandry and nutrition with good hygienical approach to minimize the losses. Review of literature, modalities of techniques used at a rural level, the achievements, constraints and suggestions for future through the development of rural sheep health surveillance system using epidemiology and economy of records are detailed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON COMMERCIAL INTERMEDIATE PLUS INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VACCINE IN CHICKEN
    (AAU, Anand, 1999) Prajapati, M. G.; Prajapati, K. S.
    Immunosuppressive and protective efficacy of five commercially available intermediateplus (invasive) infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines have been studied in White Leghorn BV 300 layer chicks with MAb against IBD. The pathogenic and immunosuppressive effect of the IBD vaccines were evaluated by the bursa - body weight ratio (BF:BW), histopathological changes in the lymphoid organs and antibody response to Newcastle disease vaccination. The protective capabilities of IBD intermediateplus vaccines was evaluated by vaccinal titre and protection against challenge with field IBD isolates at 45th day of age. Average level of maternal antibodies at 3rd day of age against IBD was 18,503 ELISA titres while NDHI was 64. IBD vaccination was carried out at 14th and 28th day of age while LaSota vaccination was done on 7th and 35th day of age. All the five IBD vaccines induced bursal atrophy as indicated by studies on BF : BW on 34th day of age. Vaccines B, C and E induced statistically significant atrophy as compared to other vaccines. From histopathological studies of lymphoid organs it was apparent that all the five vaccines strain had no detectable bursal lesions after primary vaccination. However, all the five vaccines induced bursal damage after booster vaccination. The bursal damage was more severe with vaccines B, C and E. Antibody response to ND vaccination measured at 45th day of age showed significant low NDHI titres as compare to control group indicating immunosuppressive effect of all the five IBD intermediateplus vaccines on the immune system. IBD ELISA titres at 45th day of age revealed vaccines A, B and C more immunogenic than vaccines D and E. Experimental challenge study revealed classical IBD clinical sign in Groups B, D and F1 (non-vaccinated challenged). Mortality rate was 5 per cent in Groups B and D whereas 40 per cent in non-vaccinated challenged group (F1). Gross lesions in dead birds were restricted to enlargement of BF with peribursal oedema and caseous material in bursal lumen. Histopathological lesions in lymphoid organs of dead birds were similar to those reported during natural outbreaks. Bursa - body weight ratio (BF:BW) at 54th day of age indicated severe bursal damage leading to its atrophy by IBD challenge virus in all the vaccine groups including control challenged Group F1. Histopathological changes in sacrificed birds at 54th day of age showed total destruction of bursal follicular lymphocytes with accumulation of necrotic debris within the follicles, the corticomedullary epithelium showed hypertrophic and hyperplastic changes, there was increased proliferation of interfollicular connective tissues leading to fibrosis in BF. Spleen showed focal areas of RE cell hyperplasia. Caecal tonsils showed lymphoid dipletion RE cell hyperplasia. Thymus showed depletion of medullary lymphocytes with thinning of cortex. NDHI titres in all the groups were found significantly low when compared to non-IBD vaccinated unchallenged Group F2 at 54th day of age. Compared to vaccines C and E. Vaccines A, B and D had comparatively better NDHI titres. Difference in IBD ELISA titres at 54th day of age between different vaccination groups and Group F1 were found to be non-significant indicating no difference in immunogenicity of vaccine virus and challenge virus.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES ON LACTATION CURVE IN CROSSBRED CATTLE
    (AAU, Anand, 1997) Patel, Ramanbhai D.; Solanki, J. V.
    213 lactation records of Jersey x Kankrej-F1 (JK), Holstein Friesian x Kankrej-F1 (HK) and Inter se (F2 of JK + F2 of HK) cows of Livestock Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand were studied for the period from April 1981 to March 1992. The pooled least squares means for age at first calving, 280 days lactation yield, peak weekly yield and number of weeks required to attain peak yield in crossbred cows were found to be 864.72 ± 12.92 days, 2660.79 ± 52.50 kg, 96.27 ± 1.90 kg and 4.5 ± 0.25 weeks, respectively. The age at first calving was significantly affected by genetic group and Inter se cow had higher age at first calving, than JK and HK cows. The 280 days' lactation yield was significantly affected by genetic group and parity. The HK cow had significantly higher 280 days lactation yield than JK and Inter se cows. All the cows produce significantly more milk in second lactation. The weekly peak yield also significantly affected by genetic group and parity of the cows. The HK cows attain significantly higher peak yield than JK cows. The Inter se cows was significantly lowest amongst ail genetic group. All the cows attain significantly higher milk yield in second lactation than first lactation. The Inter se cow took significantly less number of weeks to attain peak yield than those for JK and HK cows. The JK and HK cows attained peak weekly yield a nearly same time. All the cows required significantly more number of weeks to attain peak yield in first lactation than in second lactation. 280 days' lactation yield, weekly peak yield and weeks to attain peak yield were not influenced by season of calving. The four different mathematical functions i.e. exponential, parabolic exponential, polynomial and gamma type functions were used to study lactation curve of cows of different genetic groups in parity one and parity two. The mathematical function parameter 'a', 'b' and 'c' were obtained and R value were estimated. It was observed that the pooled values for parameter 'a', 'b' and 'c' can very well be used for cows of all genetic groups. The parameters values for first and second parity were separately obtained. Amongst all functions, the gamma function gave maximum fit with R2 value 0.895 for parity one and 0.862 for parity two. The season of calving had not much influence on the lactation curve parameters and the R value estimated for the different models for the cows calved in different seasons were always very high (0.897 to 0.962). The attempt was made to estimate mathematical function parameter for three different season of calving in first and second lactation of cows of three genetic groups separately. The results indicated that mathematical function parameters from pooled record of three season of calving can be effectively used to predict lactation performance of JK, HK and Inter se cows.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF FRUCTOSE AS SEMEN ADDITIVE ON SPERMATOZOAL MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY AND PRESERVATION OF JAFFARABADI BUFFALO BULL SEMEN
    (AAU, Anand, 1997) Merja, R. M.; Derashri, H. J.
    The present study on effect of different concentrations of fructose as semen additive on spermatozoal mitochondrial activity and preservation of Jaffarabadi buffalo bull semen was carried out over a period of 8 weeks during the months of January,1996 to March,1996. This study included evaluation of seminal characteristics and evaluation of effect of three different concentration of fructose in Tris Yolk Glycerol dilutor viz., 1.25 g % (control), 2.5 g %, (T1) and 3.50 g %, (T2) on buffalo spermatozoa stored at refrigeration temperature for 24 and 48 h and at pre-freeze and post-freeze stages as well as estimation of initial fructose content and SDH activity of Jaffarabadi buffalo semen. Based on 32 ejaculates (8 ejaculates from each of the four bulls), the mean values for various seminal characteristics were s ejaculate volume 4.37 ± 0.37 ml, colour and consistency score 4.40±0.15 , mass activity 3.29 ± 0.07, individual motility 65.78 ±1.17 per cent, sperm concentration 1054.37 ± 20.97 millions per ml, spermatozoal viability 88.12 ± 0.70 per cent, spermatozoal abnormality 5.87 ± 0.47 per cent, initial fructose content 610.59 ± 7,06 mg/100 ml and initial SDH activity 48.58 ± 0.58 )µg formazon formed per ml of semen. The 'F' test analysis for the effect of bulls revealed the bull effect to be non-significant for volume, colour and consistency, mass activity, sperm concentration, individual, motility and viability. However, the bull effect was significant (P<0.05) for spermatozoal abnormality. The initial fructose content and initial SDH activity of semen, both of these were highly significantly (P<0.01) and positively correlated with mass activity, individual motility, sperm concentration and spermatozoal viability, where as, ejaculate volume and abnormal sperm count were negatively correlated. Addition of 2.5 g % fructose to Tris Yolk Glycerol dilutor proved to be a superior semen diluent additive than others (control and T2), as indicated by significantly
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    METABOLIC PROFILE IN POST PARTUM INTER -SE-MATED CROSSBRED (J x K) COWS
    (AAU, Anand, 1996) Patel, Hita N.; Deshpande, Lalita V.
    Twelve post partum inter-se- mated crossbred (J x K) cows were divided into two groups primipara (n=7) and multipara (n=5) to map out the normal trend of circulating metabolic profiles, to effect of parity on these parameters and on occurance of first post partum oestrus, and the correlation of milk production with biochemical perameters. For blood profile, blood sampling was done by tapping the jugular vein every week from calving to day 63. Totally 120 samples were analysed for blood and blood serum characteristics. The biochemical characteristics studied for blood was blood glucose and for blood serum were cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, enzymes alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP), calcium, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and inorganic phosphorus ratio and magnesium.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF FEEDING PROBIOTICS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS
    (AAU, Anand, 1999) Kokje, R. P.; Desai, H. B.
    An experiment was conducted at Poultry Complex, Anand to study the effect of commercial probiotics supplementation on production performance of broilers. The 240 day-old chicks (Hubbard) of homogenous flock were divided into tliree equal groups and randomly alloted, to the treatments having 4 replications of 20 birds each viz., T1 - Control (No probiotics in feeds), T2 - 400 g probiotics/tonne of feeds and T3 - 600 g probiotics/tonne of feeds. The nutrients requirement were made available as per the recommendation of BIS (1992a,b). The feeds were supplemented with coccidiostats, vitamins and minerals and birds were vaccinated as per schedule. Three treatment rations' were fed from 0-4 weeks in cages and 5-6 weeks of age on deep litter.