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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ASPECTS OF PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY INDEX AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF PRODUCTION IN A WLH STRAIN
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) Rank, Dharamshibhai N.; Shukla, R. K.
    Genetic aspects of performance Efficiency Index (PEI) and its component traits at different stages of production were studied using performance data from 273 pedigreed pullets belonging to 19 sire families of M line WLH birds. The traits studied included PEI and its component traits viz., percentage egg production (%P), egg weight (EW), body weight (BW) and daily feed cosumption/bird (FC/Day) as well as age at first egg (AFE), body weight at 20 (BW20), 40 (BW40) and 72 weeks of age (BW72), egg number upto 40 (EN21-40) and 72 weeks of age (BW72), egg number upto 40 (EN21-40) and 72 weeks of age (EN21-72), egg weight at 40(EW40) and 72 weeks of age (EM21-72), cumulative feed consumption/bird upto 40 (FC21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC21-72), daily feed consumption/bird at 40 (FC/Day 21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/DE21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/DE21-72), feed consumption/kilo of eggs at 40 (FC/KE21-40) and 72 weeks of age (FC/KE21-72).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS, FOR IMPORTANT ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SEVEN STRAINCROSSES OF WHITE LEGHORN BIRDS
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) KHARADl, VISHNUPRASAD B.; Shukla, R. K.
    Seven strain crosses of white Leghorn were subjected to comparative evaluation under cage and deep litter housing during the year 1986-87 at the testing centre of A.I.C.R.P. on Poultry, G.A.U., Anand. The phenotypic correlation and regression of annual performance on part year (280 days) performance, in respect of economic traits, were also estimated. The overall averages of egg numbers (H.H. basis) egg numbers (H.D. basis), rate o£ lay (H.H. basis), rate o£ lay (H.D. basis), egg weight, feed consumption per bird per day, feed consvunption per dozen of eggs, feed consumption per kilo of egg mass and performance efficiency index were 100.54 ± 1.09, 102.47 ± 0.95, 71.76 ± 0.78%, 73.19 ± 0.68%. 48.07 ± 0.16 g, 101.426 ± 0.585 g, 1.712 ± 0.022 kg, 2.986 ± 0.042 kg and 28.88 ± 0.36 pexrcent respectively for part period (21-40 week), 115.91 ± 2,00, 126.34 ± 1.75, 59.14 ± 1.02%, 64.46 ± 0.89%. 51.71 ± 0.18 g, 104.135 ± 1.064 g, 2.166 + 0.048 kg, 3.492 ± 0.077 kg and 27.52 ± 0.044 per cent respectively for residual period (41 to 68 week) and 212,32 ± 2.98, 229.43 ± 2.31, 63.19 ± 0.89%, 68.25 ± 0.69%, 49.99 ± 0,15 g, 102.774 ± 0.762 g, 1.986 ± 0.036 kg, 3.316 ± 0.064 kg and 27.59 ± 0.38 per cent respectively for annual (21 to 68 week) period. Analysis of variance revealed that the effects of genetic groups, housing systems and their interactions were important in influencing the performance of the pullets. The phenotypic correlation and regression of annual performance with part year (280 days) performance for various economic traits were positive and significantly higher.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF KHOA AND PENDA
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) MIYANI, RAGHAVBHAI VALLABHBHAI; VYAS, S. H.
    The influences of variation in treatments given to buffalo and cow milk (prior to khoa and penda making) such as standardization of milk to 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 fat/SNF ratio, initial acidity in milk of 0.16, 0.18, 0.20, 0.22 and 0.24 per cent (as LA); additives - sodium citrate to milk at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 per cent (on MTS basis) for khoa and sugar at 40, 60, 80 and 100 per cent (on MTS basis) for penda, preconcentration of milk to 30, 35 and 40 per cent TS content and homogenization of milk at 50, 100 and 150 kg/cm2 pressure on chemical, rheological and sensory qualities of khoa and penda were studied. The two type of milks, namely cow and buffalo, used for khoa and penda making had significant effect on chemical composition, rheological attributes and sensory profile of both khoa and penda. However, the specific effect on particular attribute studied for different treatments was not identical in all cases in the products made from cow and buffalo milks. As the fat/SNF ratio in milk increased, there was significant increase in MFFS, TS, fat, FDM, free fat and sensory quality and reduction in protein and ash contents as well as values of all Theological parameters of khoa. In case of penda the increase in fat/SNF ratio of milk caused significant increase in MFFS, fat, FDM, free fat, acidity and acceptability score (only upto 0.5 ratio) and reduction in protein, total sugar and ash contents as well as all rheological properties. The initial acidity of cow and buffalo milk used for khoa and penda making had no significant effect on chemical composition of these products, except on ash and acidity values of khoa and MFFS and acidity of penda. All the rheological attributes of these products showed declining trend at elevated level of acidity. Increase in acidity upto 0.18 per cent showed improvement in the organoleptic characteristics of khoa and penda and theraafter quality of these products was impaired. Addition of sodium citrate had very little influence on the chemical composition of khoa, whereas it influenced the rheological properties (gumminess, springiness and chewiness) and flavour profile of khoa significantly, the former showing a declining trend at higher level of addition. Organoleptically best khoa was obtained with 0.2 per cent (on MTS basis) addition of sodium citrate. The level of sugar addition in penda altered the chemical composition,rheological properties as well as acceptability score. Higher rate of addition caused significant decrease in MFFS, fat, FDM, protein, ash contents and springiness whereas total sugar and hardness increased significantly, Penda with highest acceptability score was obtained with addition of 60 per cent (on MTS basis) sugar. Use of preconeentrated milk having different total solids had no influence on chemical composition and rheological attributes of khoa and penda. On the otherhand, use of preconcentrated milk having total solids upto 35 per cent improved the sensory score of khoa but not in case of penda. Homogenization of milk did not change the chemical composition of khoa except free fat content which was significantly reduced at higher pressures. Whereas in case of penda homogenization treatment caused significant changes in MFFS, TS and free fat contents. Rheological properties of khoa (except brittleness) and penda were significantly influenced by variation in homogenization, pressure all these properties except cohesiveness of khoa had lower values than the unhomogenized controls. In case of khoa there was improvement in the organoleptic quality at the lowest (i.e. 50 kg/cm2) pressure used whereas in case of penda it resulted in slight decline in the acceptability score. At higher pressures, organoleptic quality of khoa and penda showed deterioration. It can be concluded from the findings of the present study that khoa and penda with desired chemical composition, rheological attributes and sensory profile can be obtained using independently. 1. Milk standardized to 0.5 fat/SNF ratio, 2. Milk having acidity upto 0.18 per cent (as LA). 3. Additives - sodium citrate upto 0.2 per cent (on MTS basis) in case of khoa and sugar upto 60 per cent (on MTS basis) in case of penda, 4. Preconcentrated milk having total solids upto 30 per cent (in case of penda) and 35 per cent (in case of khoa) 5. Homogenization of milk at 50 kg/cm2 at 60°C. Moreover, objective rheological assessment can be made use of for better quality control of these indigenous milk products.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    USE OF SELECTED LACTIC STARTER STRAINS FOR PREPARATION OF MISTI DAHI FROM COW AND BUFFALO MILK
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) Sarkar, Shyama Prasad; Dave, J. M.
    The study was planned and conducted to select suitable strains of lactic acid bacteria from market samples of misti dahi for preparation of the product from cow and buffalo milk and to decide the optimum level of total solids for the product and to test the performance of the selected cultures and enhance the shelf-life of the product for increasing its commercial from Dr. Cox, U.K. and the other LF40, a Christian Hansen’s mixed strain culture were included in the trials. Thermization treatment of the finished product was planned to evaluate its effect on the shelf-life of the product and the effect of such treatment on the viable lactic count and on the beta-galactosidase activity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SUBSTITUTION OF YOUNG CHEDDAR CHEESE BY MOZZARELLA CHEESE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROCESSED CHEESE
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) RAY, ALOK RANJAN; THAKAR, P. N.
    Experimental processed cheeses were prepared in which young Cheddar cheese component of the blend was replaced by Mozzarella cheese. The influence of such replacement on the quality of resultant product was studied. The control processed cheese was prepared by heating at 85°C for 5 min a mixture of 75 per cent young (3 to 3.5 months age) and 25 per cent old (5 to 6 months age) Cheddar cheese added with 1.5 per cent trisodium citrate as an emulsifier and adjusted to 46.0 ± 1.0 per cent moisture and 2.0 per cent salt in the final product.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON MANUFACTURE OF MOZZARELLA CHEESE FROM BUFFALO MILK HEATED AT VARIOUS TIME TEMPERATURE COMBINATIONS
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) SHARMA, SURENDER KUMAR; THAKAR, P. N.
    The effects of various heat treatments viz., 63°C with holding time of 5, 15 and 30 min. And for 16 sec at 62, 72 and 80°C given to standardized buffalo milk (Casein fat ratio of 0.7 ± 0.02) on the quality of Mozzarella cheese were studied. The parameters of study included were : the manufacturing schedule, composition, yield, baking characteristics like meltability and fat leakage, objective assessment of rheological parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness), organoleptic quality of resultant cheeses and their suitability as a topping on pizza pie, microbiological status (standard plate count (SPC), coliform and Staphylococcus aureus) in fresh cheeses and changes in acidity, Ph, soluble nitrogen, SPC, coliform and Staphylococcus aureus in cheeses stored at 8 ± 1°C for 10 and 20 days.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SPACING AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CRESS (Lepidium sativum L.)
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) PATEL, DINKER H.; Bapna, J. S.
    The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of inter raw spacing and nitrogen on growth and yield of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) under Anand conditions. Four inter-raw spacings (Broadoastingt 30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N/ha) comprising total of 16 treatment combinations were tested for this purpose. Field trials were conducted for two years i . e. 1981-82 and 1982-83 during the rabi season. The maximum grain yield was obtained with broadcast crop manured with 60 kg N/ha. On the other hand, highest not profit was realized with treatment combination S1N3 i.e. 30 cm inter-raw spacing and 60 kg N/ha which also recorded highest CBR (1 : 3.29).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    LIPID COMPOSITION IN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT TISSUES AND BLOOD SERUM IN SURTI BUFFALO. DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF REPRODUCTION
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) Patel, Arvind V.; Janakiraman, K.
    Totally 52 Surti (also spelt as Surati) buffalo calves and adults of both sexes were used in five different experiments. Six biochemical characteristics, lipids, were analysed from tissues and blood serxom as they pertain to reproductive phases. In the 1st experiment, 24 Surti . buffalo heifers (3 to 4 years of age) were slaughtered at four different phases of oestrus cycle (D2, D9, D15 and S0 ) to collect reproductive tract - tissues; follicular, luteal and interstitial tissues along with follicular fluid from ovary, fallopian tube, uterine - endometrium and myometrium, cervix and vagina. Blood was also collected at the said stages. Lipid and its fractions viz. triglyceride, total phospholipid, total, free and ester cholesterol were estimated from these tissues and blood serum. Results of above study revealed that total lipid, triglyceride ahd total phospholipid were higher at D2 and D15 phases of the oestrus cycle in all tissues compared to other phases. However, cholesterol (total, free and ester) did not follow the similar trend, but their levels were found higher when the ovaries were active (revealing a follicle or CL). Follicular fluid collected at D2 and D15 phases of oestrus cycle, also showed higher concentration of lipid and its fractions at D15 phase except total phospholipid. However, phospholipid and ester cholesterol showed significant phase variation. Blood serum was analysed for the same characteristics and results were observed on the same line as tissues. However, significant variation was observed between oestrus cycle phases except triglyceride and total phospholipid. In the 2nd experiment, where 12 farm born prepubertal calves (six males and six females - 6 to 10 months old) were taken for study; showed nonsignificant variation between young male and female in all characteristics except ester cholesterol. However, levels of lipid were found higher in male than female except for cholesterol (total, free and ester). In the 3rd experiment, which was concerned with variation of lipid constituents in matured male during 24 hrs of the day. Blood was collected at four hours of interval. At lower temperature of the day all the six biochemical characteristics showed higher lipid components than that of hot hours. The variation between the different hours in all characteristics except free cholesterol, were found significant. In the 4th and 5th experiment, 10 pregnant buffaloes were taken to study early and late pregnancy, respectively. The blood sampling was done from fertile heat to 95 days of pregnancy in early pregnant buffalo and 30 days of ante-partum to 2 hrs after calving in advanced pregnant buffalo. Total 14 and 8 stages were considered in the early and late pregnancy study respectively, where last two collections of late pregnancy were 2 hrs before and 2 hrs after calving. All the characteristics studied showed higher level at early pregnancy stages which showed decreasing trend as the pregnancy advanced and were found lowest at term. The individual stage variation was worked out for early and late pregnancy stages separately. The stage variation was observed for triglyceride and phospholipid in early pregnancy and triglyceride, total and ester cholesterol for late pregnancy stages respectively. Total 22 stages of early and late pregnancy were grouped in total seven phases as per their physiological importance. There was a significant variation between different phases of pregnancy. Since the data has been obtained under conditions of nutrition and management more or less similar to those of the farmers of this area, the results particularly on blood lipid profile will be useful as a data base to farmers who are interested in assessing the potentiality of their animals with respect to early maturity and optimum reproductive performance. Further studies are, however, necessary to pinpoint one or two of the many lipid fractions that may serve as markers for this purpose. Such studies are necessary on animals maintained under village as well as large farm management conditions to be of broad base, use.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY OF ECONOMIC TRAITS IN STRAIN CROSSES IN COMPARISON TO THE PARENTAL STOCKS OF WHITE LEGHORN
    (AAU, Anand, 1988) Brahmkshatri, Balkrushna D.; Shukla, R. K.
    Eight different genetic stocks of White Leghron were produced to evolve 2-way and 4-way crosses of white Leghorn during the year 1984-85 to 1986-87 and for their comparative evaluation under deep litter system of housing at Poultry Complex, G.A.U., Anand. Heterosis and reciprocal effects were studied in 2-way and 4-way crosses obtained from the parental stocks.