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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF PORT PLACEMENT FOR LAPAROSCOPIC UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY IN PIGS(AAU, Anand, 2009) MEHRAJ, U DIN DAR; PATIL, D. B.Inspite of considerable technologic innovations in laparoscopy little has changed in our understanding of port dynamics, and improper trocar insertion still causes most of the operative complications of laparoscopic surgery. The increasing number of laparoscopic procedures performed and growing laparoscopic applications in different surgical fields necessitates serious study of accident causation, urgent redesign of our access methods and port placement. The present study on standardization of port placement for laparoscopic unilateral nephrectomy was done in 26 pigs, of which nineteen were male and rest female. The body weight of pigs ranged from 12 to 34 kg (Mean: 21.65 kg). The pigs were allotted to three groups viz., group 1 (<20 kg), group II (between 20 to 25 kg), and group 111 (> 25 kg). Further, each group was subdivided into two on the basis of swording or clashing and non clashing of instruments with telescope, and termed as "non clash' and "clash" groups. In overnight fasted animals, after premedication (Glycopyrrolate @ O.Olmg/kg, Ketamine @ 20mg/kg, and Xylazine @ 2mg/kg i.m) general anaesthesia was induced with Thiopentone sodium @ !Onig/kg i.v. and orotracheal intubation was done. After securing the animal in lateral recumbancy with head and kidney bridge elevated, pneumoperitoneum was created by insufflating C02 inside the abdomen. The camera port was first made on ventral abdomen and other two ports i.e. working and backhand ports were made in triangulation with camera port. The working and backhand ports were invariably made on the lateral abdomen with backhand port at subcostal area. All the three ports were placed at variable lengths from angle of last costovertebral joint, last rib. umbilicus, xiphoid, stifle joint and bony prominence of external angle of ilium. All twenty six pigs underwent laparoscopic nephrectomies as per the standard procedures performed by urology residents and few by the author. At the end of surgical procedure, the measurements (cm) between the ports and selected bony prominences were taken with pigs still under insufflated state. Pigs weighing between 12-19 kg (Group I) were routinely used for laparoscopic uroiogic procedures, hence based on our findings an overall guideline involving placement of camera, working and backhand ports for this group was suggested below. The camera port can be placed at a distance of 5 cm each from umbilicus and stifle joint, and the working port can be placed at a distance of > 5 cm from last rib; further with the increase in body weight, I cm length should be increased for both the ports. Overall a distance of 12-16 cm between stifle joint and working port should be maintained and backhand port should be placed at a distance of < 18 cm from xiphoid.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARISON OF VASCULAR WALL CHANGES TO RAPAMYCIN (SIROLIMUS) VERSUS BARE METAL STENTS IN BALLOON INJURED EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES OF RABBIT(AAU, Anand, 2009) PATEL, ATULKUMAR MAHENDRABHAI; PARIKH, P. V.Cardiovascular medicine is changing rapidly with the development, testing and introduction of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to improve outcomes among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by significantly reducing restenosis rates. The long-term incremental risks, benefits and costs of DESs have not yet been optimally evaluated in a broad spectrum of patient and lesion cohorts and animal models. Twenty- one Sirolimus Eluting Stents (SES) were compared with 21 Bare Metal Stents (BMS; control) by implantation into left and right balloon injured external iliac arteries, respectively of 21 healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Under Ketamine-Diazepam-Xylazine anaesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance using 3mm coronary balloon catheter, FlexyRap (SES) and FlexyStar (BMS) stents (3 mm diameter and 13 mm long) were deployed. Stents were successfully deployed at 6 atm balloon dilation pressure in prior balloon injured iliac arteries. No anti-coagulant therapy was given in any animal. There was no vascular occlusion in hind limbs of all stented vessels. Various histopathological parameters were assessed after rabbits were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 days (7 rabbits in each group). Each stented vessel was subjected to resin embedding technique and methyl methacrylate sections were obtained using tungsten carbide knife for Haematoxylin-Eosin and Martius, Scarlet, Blue staining. On histological examination, SES showed marked reduction in almost all histological parameters. Morphometric analysis showed that arteries with SES had a larger luminal area (p<0.0001), lower intimal (p<0.001) and medial (p<0.001) thickness and lower intimal index (p<0.003) as opposed to arteries stented with BMS. Luminal Narrowing in SES was zero percent and re-endothelialization was similar in both SES and BMS groups (90.48%). Arteries with SES showed marked reduction in non-occlusive peristrut fibrin deposition (3 out of 21 with SES versus 5 out of 21 with BMS). Thus Sirolimus eluting stent had larger luminal area, lower intimal and medial thickness and less peristrut fibrin deposition as compared to bare metal stent in rabbit transcarotid balloon injured external iliac artery model.ThesisItem Open Access OPHTHALMIC AFFECTIONS IN CANINES : INCIDENCE, THERAPEUTIC AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT(AAU, Anand, 2009) JOY, NISHA; PARIKH, P. V.In the present study entitled "Ophthalmic affections in canines: incidence, therapeutic and surgical management" a retrospective analysis of the ophthalmic records at the Department of Surgery from 2004-2009 was done to find out the incidence, distribution and pattern of ocular affections. The study also evaluated the therapeutical and surgical management of various ocular affections reported from August 2007 - March 2009. A total of 443 canine ocular cases were reported during 2004 - 2009, which constituted 13.80% of total surgical case load (3210).The incidence was more during summer months with more number of cases in dogs between 5-10 years. Breed wise incidence was maximum in spitz (60.73%) followed by german shepherds (11.06%). Sex wise incidence was more in males (60%). Anatomical categorization of the ocular affections revealed maximum cases involving lens followed by that of cornea, eyelid, retina, conjunctiva, glaucoma, anterior chamber and globe. The standard medical management for conditions like conjunctivitis, superficial corneal ulcers, hyphema, hypopion, glaucoma was effective. Treatment of prolapsed third eyelid gland by its removal following linear incision over the bulbar conjunctiva was found superior to blunt excision in terms of reduced postoperative incidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) along with implantation of 41 diopteric intraocular lenses with 6.5 mm optic and 17 mm haptic using operating microscope restored vision in 64% cases. The most common intraoperative complications during ECCE were bleeding from iris, pupillary constriction, iris and vitreal prolapse and chemosis. Corneal opacity, corneal oedema, posterior capsular opacity and displacement of the implanted lOL were the major postoperative complications after ECCE. Twenty two cases of progressive retinal atrophy with maximum cases (19) in spitz and four cases of retinal detachment were diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF EXTRA CAPSULAR CATARACT- SURGERY IN CANINE(AAU, Anand, 2007) NARESH, PATIL VINAYAK; Parikh, P KCataract, the opacity of crystalline lens is regarded as major cause of blindness in dogs affecting thousands of dogs annually and also different species of animals. Aphakic vision is much better in dogs as loss of lens causes loss of only finer details, which are not of great importance in pet dogs. In the present study, evaluation of cataract surgery using operative microscope was conducted in 28 eyes from 20 out of 36 clinical cases of dogs with history of vision abnormalities due to cataract. Out of 36 dogs presented with cataract, 75 % (27 dogs) were from the age group of 8-18 years while, 25 % (9 dogs) were between 1-7 years of age. The average age of the affected dogs was 09.28 ± 0.5 years indicating that dogs above 8 years of age are more prone to development of cataract. In the present study. Spitz dogs had higher incidence of cataract (14 dogs, 38 %) followed by mongrel (9 dogs, 25 %) as compared to the other breeds [Labrador (5 dogs, 14 %), GSD (3 dogs, 8 %), Dalmatian and Cocker Spaniel (2 dogs each, 06 %) and Lhasa Apso (3 %)] of the dogs. The number of cataract cases alone and with bilateral mature cases were encountered more in Spitz (13 dogs, 55 %) followed by mongrel (5 dogs, 21 %), Labrador and GSD (2 dogs each, 8 %), Cocker spaniel and Dalmatian (1 dog each, 4 %)ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CRYOSURGICAL DISBUDDING IN CROSSBRED CALVES(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) RAGHABENDRA SHARMA; Dr. P.H. TANKThe liquid nitrogen cryotherapy was evaluated for cryosurgical disbudding in sixty clinically healthy crossbred calves of either sex, aging between 03 to 07 weeks, at -10°C or -20°C cryofreezing using two different modalities viz., overlapping freezingthawing or double cycles of freezing followed by thawing, with or without the use of anaesthesia. Six calves each were used to evaluate both the modalities at two different levels of cryofreezing with or without the use of anaesthesiaThesisItem Open Access “EVALUATION OF DUAL DRUG ELUTING STENT (HEPARIN-SIROLIMUS) FOR ANTITHROMBOTIC PROPERTIES IN EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERIES OF RABBIT(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) PATIL PRADEEP BHATU; Dr. D. B. Patil.In the human interventional endovascular therapy, late stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR) have emerged, as a major safety concern with use of drug eluting stents. Late stent thrombosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. To enhance thrombo-resistance and reduce the dependence on long term dual antiplatelet therapy, use of biodegradable polymer stent platform and heparin along with sirolimus is one approach. Hence a Heparin-Sirolimus (HS) eluting stent (HSES) using biodegradable platform in an evolved in vivo rabbit balloon injured iliac artery model for stent thrombosis was evaluated for effects of dual drug elution on peristrut fibrin deposition and re-endotheliazationThesisItem Open Access USE OF INTERLOCKING NAILS FOR REPAIR OF HUMERAL AND TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURES UNDER IMAGE INTENSIFIER IN DOGS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) POONAM GUPTA; Dr. D. B. PATILA clinical study on use of interlocking nail fixation for treatment of humeral and tibial shaft fracture with the use of image intensifier was conducted in 8 dogs. Eligibility criteria for inclusion were preoperative evaluation of radiographs to access type and configuration of fracture. The effectiveness of the treatment modality was judged on the basis of time to initial weight bearing, by radiological evaluation of bridging callus (around the three sides of the bone) at an interval of 4 weeks, time required for bone healing, limb usage and complete range of motion of limb and by noting the complications if anyThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT SURGERY IN CANINE(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2007) V.N.Patil; Dr. P. V. ParikhCataract, the opacity of crystalline lens is regarded as major cause of blindness in dogs affecting thousands of dogs annually and also different species of animals. Aphakic vision is much better in dogs as loss of lens causes loss of only finer details, which are not of great importance in pet dogs. In the present study, evaluation of cataract surgery using operative microscope was conducted in 28 eyes from 20 out of 36 clinical cases of dogs with history of vision abnormalities due to cataract. Out of 36 dogs presented with cataract, 75 % (27 dogs) were from the age group of 8-18 years while, 25 % (9 dogs) were between 1-7 years of age. The average age of the affected dogs was 09.28 ± 0.5 years indicating that dogs above 8 years of age are more prone to development of cataractThesisItem Open Access USE OF IMAGE INTENSIFIER TELEVISION FOR KEYHOLE ORTHOPAEDIC AND SOFT TISSUE SURGERY(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2007) SUNETRA S. WADKE; Dr. D. R. BARVALIAThe present clinical study entitled “Use of image intensifier television for keyhole orthopaedic and soft tissue surgery” was conducted in 13 clinical cases. Out of these, eight animals were having acute, comminuted or diaphyseal fracture of single long bone (humerus, tibia and femur) and on preoperative radiographs; proximal and distal fracture fragments were long enough for insertion of Steinmann pin. This study also included successful removal of foreign body under guidance of image intensifier television (IITV) in three out of five clinical cases.