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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF SEVERED SUPERFICIAL DIGITAL AND DEEP DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDONS IN CALVES REPAIRED BY CARBON FIBRE FILAMENTS ( Grafil-AS ) AND 24 G MONOFILAMENT STAINLESS STEEL WIRE(AAU, Anand, 1987) Rao, N. Madhu; PATEL, M. R.The main purpose of the investigations on the healing process of severed superficial and deep digital flexor tendons repaired by carbon fibre and stainless steel wire in crossbred male calves was to evaluate the efficacy of suture implants in the repair and collagen fibre formation. In all 126 animals were divided into two groups and each group, further divided into three sub-groups having 21 animals in each for observation of healing process at 20, 40 and 80 days, respectively. Trifluropromazine (Siquil) was given intravenously as pre-anaesthetic at the dose rate of 0.15 mg/kg body weight and chloral hydrate solution (10%) intravenously to effect and operation performed. The evaluation of the healing process in the sectioned tendons was done clinically, and by using radiography, angiography, biomestry, biomechanics, biochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The fasciography on 20th P.O.D. did not reveal any difference between the groups. On 40th day, except for the thickness of the tendon in the first group, no changes were observed. On 80th P.O.D., nearly completion of healing process could be observed. The arteriographic studies revealed extensive proliferation of blood vessels on 20th P.O.D. in both the groups. Vascularization existed on 40th and 80th P.O.D. in both the groups. This indicated on-going repairing process. Tendon biometry revealed that the stump measurement values were more in CF group in all the three periods than in SS group. A definite increase was observed in the width of SDF and DDF tendons in both the groups. However, the width was more in CF group than in SS group. Analysis of variance showed that effects of type of suture and normal versus repaired tendon were found statistically significant (P <0.05) and interaction effects were also significant (P < 0.05). Thus indicated that use of CF filaments enhanced collagen fibre formation and thus the repair. Considerable increase in the cross measurement of repaired SDF and DDF tendons was observed in both the groups at 20, 40 and 80 days P.O.D. Increase in the tendon measurement was observed as the post-operative interval increased. This indicated that transected tendon had healed clinically. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of type of suture was nonsignificant and effects normal versus repaired tendon was statistically significant (P < 0 . 0 5 ) . This meant that in the groups under reference had no difference in the healing process irrespective of the suture materials used. The measurements of tendon lengths at repaired zone were considerably increased in all the periods of observation in both the groups. The analysis of variance revealed that effects of suture material, normal versus repaired were statistically significant (Pv<0.05). In the groups under reference, the type of suture material had a effect on the healing process in the repaired tendon. Biochemical studies revealed, significantly higher effects of S-GOT in the CP group when compared to SS group. S-GOT levels gradually increased and reached a peak by 20th P.O.D. However, in the 40th day group, the values were significantly higher (P<0.01) in SS group when compared to CF group. On 80th P.O.D., the S-GOT levels were significantly higher (P< 0.01) in CF group when compared to SS group. The levels of S-GOT observed in the animals were in close association with progressive healing process to normalcy. The trend in S-GPT levels was similar to that of S-GOT levels upto 20th P.O.D. However, significantly higher levels were observed between material used and post-operative time intervals. On 40th day, the reverse trend was observed in S-GPT levels. Analysis of variance showed that material used and post-operative time intervals were statistically significant (P <0.05) and interaction effects were also significant (P<0.05). On 80th P.O.P., there were significantly higher (P <0.01) levels of S-GPT in the GF group than SS group. The effects of suture material used, the groups and the periods were found statistically significant {P<0.01). The levels of S-GPT demonstrated that the type of suture material used, animal groups and periods were influenced by these parameters. The S-AKP levels showed gradual increase upto 65th day and then declined in all the three groups. Statistical analysis revealed that material used was nonsignificant at 80 days. The relation with time intervals were significantly higher (P <0.01) in all the three periods of study. This meant that when final healing at 80th P.O.D. is considered, type of suture material was more important. A general decrease in the levels of S-LDH was observed at 20 and 40 days period in both the groups. The material used and post-operative intervals were statistically significant (P <0.05) in all the three periods. The interaction between the materials and time intervals was statistically nonsignificant in 20 days studies and significant (P <0.05) at 40 and 80 days P.O.P. This clearly showed that the use of type of suture material was more important. Biomechanical studies revealed increase in tendon length in both the groups as evident from the measurement taken on 20th P.O.P. Analysis of variance between animals had significant (P <0.05) effects on tendon length. Interaction effects were also significant (P<0.05). Under the study, biomechanical measurements of the tendon length helped in knowing the regaining of the healing. Measurement of cross sectional area of tendon helped in assessing the healing progress of the tendon. The analysis of variance showed between the groups, time intervals and normal versus repaired was found statistically significant (P<0.05) for their effects. Interactions with main effects viz., periods, normal versus repaired and materials was also found significant (P<0.05). A considerable decrease in UTL in both the groups, was observed at 20 and 40 days P.O.P. The UTL values were increased in both the groups by 80th P.O.P. The analysis of variance showed that experimental groups,periods, repaired versus normal and their effects were statistically significant (P <0.05). The decrease in UTL at 20th and 40th P.O.P. indicated that the repair of the sutured tendon was not complete. However, by 80th P.O.P., an increase in UTL in both the groups, indicated that clinically the tendon had healed and was able to bear the weight for normal activity. The tensile strength decreased considerably at all the periods in both the groups. The analysis of variance showed main characters and interaction between periods, normal versus repaired and material was statistically significant (P<0.05) effects on tensile strength. Decrease in the tensile strength after repair might be due to the disarranged arrangement of the collagen fibres in the healing tissue. The decrease in the modulus of elasticity was observed in all the periods of both the groups. The analysis of variance showed main characters and interaction between period, normal versus repaired and material used was statistically significant (P<0.05). Decrease in the modulus of elasticity was indicative of weakness of the replaced tissue even by 80th P.O.P. tendon which had not regained its normal strength. Histomorphologically and histochemical studies revealed that first healing process was characterized by a proliferation of young granulation tissue characterized by plumpy fibroblast. There was intense staining reaction by PAS-AB indicating intense activity for the formation of ground substance. At 40 days CF group, the CF filaments separated from implanted CF bundles and were surrounded by fibroblast, macrophages and collagen fibres. In both the groups, there was intense activity of PAS-AB indicating collagen production. At 80 days P.O.P. in both the groups, the transected tendon almost appeared structurally like a normal tendon. SEM studies revealed at 20 days P.O.P., the gap at the transected tendon ends was filled by granulation tissue wilthout evoking tissue reaction and necrotic changes. CF filament did not evoke tissue reaction. The healing process was quicker in CF group when compared to SS group. At 40 days P.O.P. in SS group, the transected ends were completely joined by the granulation tissue and collagen fibre was present. The healing was qomplete at 40 days P.O.P. In the case of CF group, collagen fibre was more in number and wavy in pattern. At 80 days in SS group, the transected tendon end had completely joined. The collagen bundle was parallel to the long axis of the tendon. In CF group, the collagen bundles were thicker, more wavy and anastamosis between them was also more when compared to SS group. TEM studies revealed that there was no tissue reaction in both the groups. In the granulation tissue fibroblast surrounded by amorphous ground substance were seen at 40 days P.O.P. The collagen fibrils were arranged in parallel to one another and, also they were parallel to the long axis of the fibroblast. At 80 days P.O.P., axial periodicity consisted of one dark and one light segment at regular intervals in the collagen fibrils was seen. This axial periodicity was more in CF group as compared to SS group. The carbon fibre filament incited more tissue reaction in the initial stages. It assisted in the early healing of the sectioned tendons, and modulated the healed tendon to normalcy in the latter stages. It assisted in the early healing of the sectioned tendons, and modulated the healed tendon to normalcy in the latter stages. The results of clinical, biometrical, biomechanical, histomorphological, SEM and TEM studies showed that the carbon fibre filament to be a better replacement to SS wire for the repair of sectioned tendons.ThesisItem Open Access A SURVEY OF INCIDENCES, ETIOLOGY AND LINE OF TREATMENT ON VARIOUS TYPES OF FRACTURES IN LARGE AND SMALL ANIMALS ATTENDED AT VETERINARY COLLEGE HOSPITAL ANAND AND AT AMUL AMBULATORY CLINIC FROM 1973 TO 1984(AAU, Anand, 1985) RAO, N. MADHU; PATEL, M. R.Abstract not Available