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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2009 - 20103
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2010 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIA SPECIES FROM MARKET MEAT
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) NAYAK, JITENDRAKUMAR BHOGILAL; Brahmbhatt, M. N.
    The present study was carried out with a view to isolate and identify Listeria spp. from different samples of buffalo meat, chevon and mutton sold in retail market as well as from butcher's hand and their instruments in Anand city. The recovered isolates were studied for their properties in relation to phenotypic characterization (CAMP test), standardization of PCR protocol for detection of i . monocytogenes in raw meat, specificity and sensitivity of the developed assay, comparision of the PCR assay with conventional culture method for the detection of L. monocytogenes from meat, comparison of efficacy of different selective plating media for the recovery of Listeria spp, detection of virulence genes by PCR and antimicrobial drug sensitivity pattern of Listeria spp. to various antibiotics conmionly used in human and veterinary treatment. Altogether 500 samples comprising of buffalo meat, mutton and chevon (150 samples each) as well as swabs from butcher's hand, knife and log (50 samples) were collected from randomly selected five different retail meat shops of Anand (Gujarat State) and subjected to two stage enrichment process with UVM 1 and UVM 2 for two days each, followed by plating on three selective media viz. DRIA, PALCAM and Oxford agar. Out of 500 samples collected, 25 (5.5%) meat samples and 2 (4.0%) swabs were positive for Listeria spp. with overall prevalence of 5.4 per cent. Out of these 25 positive meat samples, 12 (2.7 %) samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, 6 (1.3%) samples positive for L. innocua, 5 (1.1%) samples for L. seeligeri and 2 (0.4%) samples for L. welshimeri. Out of two positive swab samples 1 (2.0%) was positive forZ. monocytogenes and 1 (2.0%) forZ. innocua. The highest prevalence of Listeria spp. was observed from mutton (7.3%) followed by buffalo meat (6.7%), chevon {1.1%) and least in butchers' hand and knife swab (2.0 % each). L. monocytogenes isolated from 13 (2.6 %) samples. The observation in the study suggested DRIA medium found superior to PALCAM and Oxford agar for the recovery of Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes with the highest recovery on DRIA (92.6 %) followed by PALCAM (88.9 %) and Oxford agar (59.3 %). The PCR assay targeting iap gene was found useful for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes up to the level as low as 2 x10 to power 1 CFU/ml from various samples. PCR targeting iap gene can be used for the rapid detection of L. monocytogenes. The specificity of both the cultural and PCR method was compared and foimd to be 100.0 per cent. Very good correlation was observed between these two methods for detection of Z. monocytogenes. All the 13 L. monocytogenes isolates were screened for the presence or absence of virulence genes viz. inlA, inlB, InU and plcB using specific primers. Presence of virulence associated genes in L. monocytogenes isolates ranged from 76.9 per cent to 100.0 per cent suggesting the presence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes in meat samples. The highest degree of sensitivity of listeria isolates was observed towards gentamicin (96.3%) followed by ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (92.6% each); tetracycline and erythromycin (88.9% each); chloramphenicol and penicillin G (85.2% each) while isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (81.5%) and cefotaxime (70.4 %). The antibiogram of L. monocytogenes isolates showed cent percent sensitivity to penicillin G followed by ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline (92.3% each), erythromycin (84.7%), gentamicin, rifampicin (76.9%), where as the maximum resistance was recorded against ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL POPULATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS ZOONOTIC SIGNIFICANCE
    (AAU, Anand, 2010) PARMAR, BHUPENDRA C.; Brahmbhatt, M. N.
    The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterise Mycobacteria from various clinical specimens of human beings, animals and from environment. Microbiological examination of 600 samples (150 from human, 400 from animals and 50 from environment) was carried out to study the prevalence of Mycobacteria. Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated during the study period from various specimens of animals and human, viz. milk 18 (out of 148) and nose swabs 40 ( out of 252) from cattle; throat swab 1 (out of 24), nose swab 6 (out of 62) and sputum 6 (out of 64) samples from human. However, no non- tuberculous Mycobacteria {Mycobacterium forttiitum) were isolated from soil and water during the study period. All these clinical isolates of Mycobacteria were subjected to Z-N staining. Biochemical tests, viz. Catalase test. Niacin detection. Nitrate reduction, Pyrazinamidase activity and T2CH (Thiophene- 2- carboxyllic acid hydrazide) and PCR (Polymerase chain reaction). Single intradermal test (tuberculin test) was carried out in 260 animals of LRS and HF farm. Among these, 42 cattle were found positive for tuberculin test. From 42 tuberculin positive and 218 tuberculin negative cattle, 37 and 21 isolates, respectively, of Mycobacterium bovis were recovered. Single intradermal test (Mantoux test) was carried out on 50 human beings, none was found positive for Tuberculosis; eventhough 13 isolates oiMycobacterium tuberculosis were recovered. The results of this investigation indicated that the frequency of occurrence of organism was higher in the cattle (81.69 %) than the human (18.31 %); frequency of occurrence was higher in exotic cattle (37.29 %) than indigenous cattle (1.41 %). In man, the frequency of occurrence of organism was higher in the males (11.11 %) than the females (0 %). Among cattle; females are more susceptible than males. Among the various clinical specimens collected, 64.80 per cent isolates of Mycobacteria were from nose swab, followed by milk (25.50 %), sputum (8.50 %) and throat swab (1.20 %). Enviroimiental screening of the soil and water yielded zero isolate of Mycobacteria. It was concluded that, the overall prevalence of tuberculosis was higher in animals as compared to human and environment. Exotic cattle are more susceptible to tuberculosis than indigenous cattle. Single intradermal test (tuberculin test) is useful for the detection of primary infection of tuberculosis, but it is not important in human for detection of tuberculosis. Biochemical tests, viz. Catalase test. Niacin detection. Nitrate reduction, Pyrazinamidase activity and T2CH (Thiophene 2 carboxyllic acid hydrazide) are effective for differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. All the isolates of Mycobacteria were screened for PCR for the presence of genes viz. p34 for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and hupB for differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis using specific primers. Being a less expensive and easily available mediimi, LJ medivmi with or without sodium pyruvate can be recommended for the routine microbiological work in the microbiology and public health laboratories for the study of prevalence of tuberculosis in human and animal population.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access