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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × Author: PATEL, SATISHKUMAR DAHYALAL × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2008 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTIONS OF TOLFENAMIC ACID AND MOXIFLOXACIN AND SAFETY OF TOLFENAMIC ACID IN WISTAR RATS
    (AAU, Anand, 2009) PATEL, SATISHKUMAR DAHYALAL; Thaker, A. M.
    Drug interactions may occur when two drugs are concurrently administered and one drug (or both) may influence the time course of the other in the body. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibacterial agents are prominent among the groups of drugs commonly prescribed together in veterinary medicine and they have enormous potential for drug interactions. Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the fenamate sub-group. Moxifloxacin is a novel fourth generation fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum antibacterial activity. The pharmacokinetic of tolfenamic acid (4.0 mg/kg) and moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg) as single drug and in combination after its intramuscular administration was investigated in male and female wistar rats. Tolfenamic acid and moxifloxacin were assayed in plasma by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental technique using computer software (WinNonlin, version 5.0.1). The present study also evaluated safety of tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg) alone and in combination with moxifloxacin (5.0 mg/kg) after repeated administration at 24 h interval for 14 days in male and female wistar rats. The mean observed peak plasma concentration of tolfenamic acid following its administration as single drug and in combination with moxifloxacin in male rats were 4111.44 ± 493.15 and 3837.69 ± 351.83 ng/ml, where as in female rats mean values were 7114.74± 1409.96 and 7436.37±518.67 ng/ml, respectively, which was observed at 1 h respectively. The mean peak plasma concentration of moxifloxacin following its intramuscular administration as single drug and in combination with tolfenamic acid were 243.52 ± 13.66 and 397.62 ± 41.55 ng/ml, observed at 2 and 0.67 h, respectively in male rats, where as m female rats mean values were 200.74 ±28.67 and 255.88 ± 30.89 ng/ml, observed at 2 and 1 h, respectively. Following intramuscular administration of tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg) as single drug and in combination with moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg) in male wistar rats the mean values of half-life (t 1/2), volume of distribution (Vz), clearance (CI) and area under plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC (0-∞)) of tolfenamic acid were 2.59 ±0.16 and 3.27 ± 0.32 hr, 822.17 ± 115.38 and 1249.64 ± 139.52 ml, 218.39 ± 25.47 and 265.18 ± 11.36 ml/hr and 20280.77 ± 3501.67 and 15229.18 ± 678.80 hr.ng/ml, respectively. Whereas in female rats mean values of tolfenamic acid were 2.78 ± 0.39 and 2.66 ± 0.53 hr, 756.42 ± 166.09 and 559.68 ±76.19 ml, 179.76 ± 20.01 and 152.75 ± 10.34 ml/hr and 23524.07 ± 2324.79 and 26830.41 ± 1914.84 hr.ng/ml, respectively. Volume of distribution (Vz) was significantly higher in male rats following concurrent intramuscular administration of tolfenamic acid and moxifloxacin. Following intramuscular administration of moxifloxacin alone in male rats, the mean volume of distribution, half-life (t1/2), area under the plasma drug concentration time curve from 0.0 hr to infinity (AUC (0-∞)) and total clearance (CI) were 12679.07 ± 1121.74 ml, 2.52 ± 0.23 h, 1483.21 ± 184.65 hr.ng/ml and 3605.99 ± 394.29 ml/hr, respectively. Following intramuscular administration of moxifloxacin in combination with tolfenamic acid in male rats significant decrease in elimination half-life (ti/2: 1.69 ± 0.21 h) and volume of distribution (Vz: 7856.51 ± 495.60 ml) has been observed compared to moxitloxacin treatment alone. Following intramuscular administration of moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg) as single drug and in combination with tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg) in female wistar rats the mean values of half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vz), clearance (CI) and area under plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC (0-∞)) of moxifloxacin were 1.98 ± 0.38 and 1.44 ± 0.21 hr, 15005.77 ± 2939.77 and 12488.86 ± 1708.16 ml, 5360.93 ± 502.91 and 6163.69 ± 563.64 ml/hr and 975.84 ± 93.57 and 851.60 ± 90.61 hr.ng/ml. respectively. There were non significant difference (p<0.05) in pharmacokinetic parameters of moxifloxacin in female rats following concurrent intramuscular administration with tolfenamic acid as compared to moxifloxacin. Repeated intramuscular administration of tolfenamic acid (4 mg/kg) alone and in combination with moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg) repeated at 24 h interval for 14 days in male and female wistar rats were found safe based on evaluation of haematological (Hb, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT and DLC), blood biochemical (AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, total serum protein, serum albumin, globulin, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and blood glucose) parameters. Moreover, no gross or microscopic changes were found in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, stomach, intestine and joint cartilages of male and female wistar rats. The present study revealed that administration of tolfenamic acid and moxifloxacin together altered pharmacokinetic profile of each other. Therefore, concomitant use of both the drugs requires therapeutic monitoring for potential pharmacokinetic drug interaction.