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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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20153
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CYTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE NEOPLASMS
    (AAU, Anand, 2015) ACHARYA, ASHOK T.; Ghodasara, D. J.
    The present research work was carried out to know agreement between cytological and histopathologcal diagnosis of canine neoplasms. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were determined, using histopathology as a reference method. Research work was carried out at Veterinary college, Anand, in the Department of Veterinary Pathology. Study materials were collected from different breeds of dog received at Department Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary college, Anand. The objectives of the current research were to study the gross morphology of tumour masses, cytological and histopathological diagnosis of tumours, and comparison between these two methods. The present study comprised of 40 cases of canine spontaneously occurring tumours. Gross morphologic study included size, shape, weight, consistency, colour of cut surface, and location of all tumour masses. Pre-operatively, aspirates were collected from all tumour masses using 22 G needles and 5 ml syringes to evaluate cytological diagnosis of tumours. 95% ethanol was used as a fixative. All the cases were proceeded for cytological diagnosis by employing FNAC technique and stains employed were Papanicolaou, MGG, H and E, Giemsa and Wright's. Tissue materials were collected for histopathological examination. Labrador was the most commonly affected breed Females showed more cases as compared to male dogs. In most of cases 5 to 12 years old animals were affected. Cytologically, tumours were categorized as benign or malignant based on general and nuclear criteria. Tumours were classified as epithelial, mesenchymal, round cell tumours. Cytologically, 11 cases were diagnosed as malignant and 29 were reported as benign. Cytologically, 21 declared as epithelial, 14 as round cell and 5 as mesenchymal tumours. Epithelial tumours included mammary gland tumours (15), perianal gland adenoma (1), basal cell carcinoma (1), squamous cell carcinoma (2), seminoma (1), and melanoma (1). Round cell tumours were TVT (11) and mast cell tumour (mastocytoma) (3), while mesenchymal tumours were fibrosarcoma (1) and lipoma (4). Exfoliation was higher in epithelial and round cell tumours than mesenchymal tumours. Cytological features of malignant tumours were presence of large numbers of neoplastic cells, anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, presence of mitotic figures, nuclear abnormalities (like double nucleus, nuclear molding), nucleolar abnormalities (such as multiple nucleoli, anisonucleosis), abnormal chromatin and increased nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio. Benign tumours did not show such features although in certain tumours nuclear and nucleolar abnormality, mitotic figures and abnormal chromatin were found. In present study, May-Grunwald- Giemsa (MGG) and Hematoxylene and eosin stain proved best staining ability with best cellular details obtained when stained with these two methods. All tissue sections were stained with H and E method, but for confirmation of certain tumours, like mastocytoma (toluidine blue) and fibrosarcoma, (masson's trichrome) special stains were used. All tumours were microscopically examined and definitive diagnosis was made. Histopathologically, 11 tumours were diagnosed as malignant while 29 were diagnosed as benign. Histopathologically also 21 tumours were diagnosed epithelial origin, 14 round cell, and 5 as mesenchymal. Among 15 mammary tumours, 10 cases were included in benign, while remaining 5 were included to malignant category. All TVTs, mastocytomas and lipomas were diagnosed as benign. Finally, comparison between cytological and histopathological diagnosis was made, as latter was kept reference method. In 95% (38/40) cases, correct correlation was recorded between cytological and histopathological diagnosis. FNAC showed 90.90% sensitivity and 96.55% specificity for diagnosis canine neoplasms. It may be concluded from present study that cancer is the most important cause Of death in canines. Proper early diagnosis of canine neoplasms helps the clinicians to recognize them in time, to provide a correct prognosis and a therapy as effective as possible. As per present cytological investigation, the diagnostic accuracy for differentiation between malignant and benign canine neoplasms was very high (95%). This report may open the way up for using FNAC much more as a reliable and useful diagnostic procedure for evaluation of neoplasms in canines. However, proper technique and ample exercise are of vital importance for high success rate in cytological diagnosis of canine neoplasms.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOTOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACETAMIPRID IN MICE
    (AAU, Anand, 2015) BRAHMBHATT, ANKITA N.; JOSHI, B. P.
    The present study was conducted on five weeks old sixty four (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the hnmunotoxicopathological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided in to eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20 mg/ kg body weight (Group III (male) and VI (female)); 10 mg/kg body weight (Group rv (male) and VII (female)); and 5 mg/kg body weight (Group V (male) and VIII (female)) for 28 days. All the groups were monitored daily for any abnonnal behavioral signs, mortality, body weight and feed consumption throughout the study. Assessment of cell mediated and humoral immune response was made by measuring delayed hyper sensitivity reaction after primary and secondary sensitization by dinitroflurobenzene and by micro haemagglutination test against sheep red blood cells. After completion of 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis from retro orbital plexus. The mice were sacrificed by means of cervical dislocation at the end of experiment after giving deep anesthesia. A detailed post mortem examination was performed at the end of the experiment and gross lesions were recorded. Tissue samples (liver, kidney, fieafChing, spleen, thymus, testis from male, ovary from female, intestine and brain) were collected in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Clinical symptoms like weakness, lethargy, paleness of mucous membrane and rough hair coat were apparently evident in mid and high dose group mice. Significant reduction in body weight and feed intake were observed in acetamiprid treated groups at dose rate of 20 mg/kg/day as compared to the control group. There was significant increase in kidney to body weight ratio in high dose of acetamiprid treated (20 mg/kg b.w.) male as well as female mice which indicated nephrotoxic effect of acetamiprid. There was also significant decrease in the spleen to body weight ratio and thymus to body weight ratio in the same male and female groups and suggested toxic effect of the compound on immune organs like spleen and thymus. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like TEC, Hb, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose group mice and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at and above dose rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT were observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin in high and mid dose treated group male as well as female mice. Significant increase in BUN was observed in high dose treated group of male and female mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at and above dose levels of 10 mg/kg/day. The high dose group mice revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at and above dose levels of20mg/kg/day. Gross morphological changes were not observed in any of the acetamiprid treated mice whereas histopathological examination of the organs collected from high and mid dose group mice revealed the hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and immunotoxic effects of acetamiprid. Liver showed moderate congestion, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and focal areas of necrosis. Vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium with focal areas of tubular necrosis and inter tubular haemorrhages were evident in kidneys. Depletion of lymphocytes in the splenic follicles and restricted focal areas of lymphocytic depletion in thymus were observed. Lung sections of high dose group revealed mild to moderate congestion, thickening of alveolar septa, emphysema and focal mononuclear cells infiltration. Congestion and myocardial haemorrhages were observed in the cardiac parenchyma. The histopathological findings were supportive to the haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters studied.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SUSPECTED INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS-QX STRAIN INFECTION IN LAYER BIRDS
    (AAU, Anand, 2015) ABHILASH, T.; JOSHI, B. P.
    The present research work was carried out to know the pathological alterations caused by Infectious Bronchitis virus in a commercial layer flock as well as to ascertain the strain of the virus involved in the infection. The pathological study comprised the information in relation to production drop, mortality, duration of mortality, clinical signs, gross and histopathological examination of visceral organs, serological estimation of antibody titer, isolation of virus by egg inoculation and its further confirmation and characterization by RT-PCR and subsequent gene sequencing. During the study mortality was observed in the affected flock in an even manner ranging from 0.48 to 0.78 percent throughout the period of 26-54 weeks and the total mortality observed was 15.3% during the period. From 20th week onwards th the flock showed a drop in egg production and at the 26th week peak production reached up to 89.5% followed by a decline. The egg production drop up to 54 weeks of age ranged between 1.9 to 21.3% with an average production drop of 15.1 percent. The affected birds showed typical clinical manifestation of penguin gait appearance with pendulous abdomen from 32 weeks onwards. The eggs laid by the birds were misshapened or soft shelled with watery albumin. Gross lesions were characterized by cystic oviducts with accumulation of large quantities of clear water like fluid in majority of the affected birds. In a comparatively less number of cases there observed accumulation of abnormally formed eggs or large masses of fibrinous yolk material in the oviduct. In certain instances internal layers and small cystic right oviducts were observed. No significant gross morphological lesions were noticed in organs other than oviduct. The microscopic lesions were mainly observed in the oviduct, trachea and kidney. They were of the nature of severe decrease to complete absence of glandular tissue, atrophy of the villi with loss of mucosal epithelium and infiltration of mononuclear cells and plasma cells in the lamina propria of the affected oviduct; deciliation and desquamation of lining epithelium, focal areas of congestion, mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration in lamina propria of trachea; and mild to moderate interstitial nephritis with intertubular haemorrhages in the kidney parenchyma. The inoculation of supernatant obtained after trituration and centrifiigation of pooled tissue samples (oviduct, trachea, kidney and caecal tonsils) in 9-11 day old SPF embryonating eggs resulted in death of all the embryos following incubation up to 7 days post inoculation after the third passage. The typical dwarfing and curling showed by all the dead embryos confirmed the presence of the IB virus. Diagnostic RT-PCR with SI gene region was successful for targeted amplification and detection of IBV. Sequence analysis showed that the isolate was like 4/91 strain of IBV. Based on major presenting clinical signs of penguin gait appearance and gross pathological lesions of cystic dilatation of oviduct in the affected layer flock and similar earlier reports of IB-QX infection in layer birds having same clinical signs and gross lesions in other countries, the infection was suspected as IB-QX. But it turned out to be 4/91 strain of IBV instead of QX strain on viral gene sequencing. In India this is the first study concluding the involvement of IBV 4/91 strain in inducing reproductive tract damages particularly cystic oviducts in commercial layer birds leading to production drop.