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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    PARASITIC FAUNA OF WILD ANIMALS IN GUJARAT STATE
    (AAU, Anand, 1998) Patel, Premdas Vinodbhai; PATEL, A. I.
    Research work was carried out for twelve months from February, 1997 to January, 1998 to have an insight into the parasitic fauna of wild carnivores and herbivores. Wild animals which are kept in captivity in different zoo as well as those which are free living in the forest/sancturies/ safari parks were examined for the parasitic infection. Faecal samples collected regularly from captive wild animals and occasionally from free living wild animals were examined by qualitative as well as quantitative methods. In felines, the prevalence of parasitic infection in free living animals was higher than the captive animals. However, species of the parasites remained similar in both the groups. The prevalent species were observed as Toxascaris leonina. Toxocara. Ancylostoma. Trichuris. Capillaria aerophila. Paragonimus. Spirpmetya, Taenia, Dipylidium caninum. Isospora and larvae of Filaroides. The prevalence of parasitic infection in lion and tiger has significant difference between the months of the year. In tiger, parasitic infection was significantly higher in winter than summer and monsoon. The prevalence of ascarids was nonsignificantly higher (39.06 %) in lion followed by tiger (34.62 %) and leopard (17.08 % ) . The intensity of ascarids (Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara spp.) was significantly higher in cub than the adult lion, while that of of Ancylostoma spp. was significantly higher in females than the cubs. The intensity of helminths in captive lion was significantly higher during monsoon followed by winter and summer. The prevalence of Spirometra spp. was nonsignificantly higher (30.42 %) in leopard than the lion (5.58 % ) . The mean egg count of Spirometra spp. in male and ascarids in female leopard was significantly higher in monsoon and winter, respectively. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. was nonsignificantly higher (13.46 %) in tiger followed by leopard (7.92 %) and lion (6.94 % ) . Mean egg count of Ancylostoma spp. in female tiger was significantly higher in winter than other seasons. The mean egg count of Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara spp. was significantly higher in winter and monsoon, respectively. Infection of ascarids was significantly higher in male than the female tiger. Prevalence and intensity of helminth infection were higher in free living felines than the captive felines. The prevalence of Trichuris spp. was higher (15.00 %) in jackal than wolf and fox, while Ancvlostoraa spp. was higher (37.50 %) in fox than jackal and wolf. The wolf had higher infection of ascarids (27.08 % ) , Taenia spp. (12.50 %) and Dipylidium caninum (8.33 %) than other canines. In hyaena, the highest infection'was observed for Ancylostoma spp. (33.33 % ) . In felines as well as canines, mixed infection with two or three species of parasites was the most common. The prevalence of parasitic infection in free living herbivores was higher than the captive herbivores. The prevalent species were recorded as trichostrongyles, Trichuris. amphistomes, Fasciola. Strongyloides and Eimeria. The intensity of Trichuris spp. was higher than the trichostrongyles. There was low grade infection of amphistomes, Fasciola and Strongyloides species. When the prevalence of infection due to ascarids, Ancylostoma spp., Spirometra spp. or mixed infection of these parasites were higher (100.00 %) in lion, there were significantVy decrease in AKP (7.96 ± 0.77 U/L), total serum protein (6.14 ±0.22 G/dl), albumin (2.55 ± 0.17 G/dl), calcium (6.41 + 0.19 mg % ) , phosphorus (4.38 ± 0.06 mg % ) , magnesium (1.10 ± 0.03 mg % ) , Hb (9.86 ± 0.31 gm % ) , RBCs (4.66 ± 0.22 X 106/cumm), PCV (29.92 + 0.93 %) and lymphocytic count (18.67 ± 1.15 % ) . But, significant increase were observed in the values of BUN (56.50 ± 1.55 mg/dl), SGPT (25.04 ± 0.41 U/L, SGOT (42.71 ± 0.93 U/L), WBC (19354.17 ± 389.02/cumra) as eosinophils (5.79 ± 0.35 % ) . As there was reduction in percentage prevalence (37.00 %) and intensity of these infections due to anthelmintic treatment, all the biochemical and haematological parameters tended towards physiological values. Internal parasites recorded during post-mortem examination of lion, leopard and tiger were identified as Toxascaris leonina. Toxocara cati. Ancylostoma spp., Gnathostoma spp., Capjllaria aerophila. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Taenia pisiformis. Dipylidium caninum. larval stages of Filaroides spp. and Mesocestoides lineatus. while external parasites were identified as Ctenocephalides felis. Ctenocephalides canis. Rhipicephalus spp. Linognathus spp. and Trichodectus spp. The larval stages of flies were Chrysomyia bezziana and Musca species. Histopathological section of intestinal nodules revealed the presence of parasites surrounded by heavy infiltration of leucocytes, eosinophils and macrophages. There was fibrosis and necrotic lesions around the parasites with severe destruction of mucosa and submucosa. Section of skin with attached tick revealed severe destruction of dermis and epidermis. Experimental infection of ascarids in mice revealed congestion and haemorrhages with infiltration of eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the liver, lung, spleen, brain and muscles. The histochemical changes in liver, lung and muscles revealed moderate to intense reaction with PAS staining, indicating the presence of good to moderate amount of mucopolysaccharide in these organs. Albendazole, mebendazole and fenbendazole were found to have good effect against ascarids and Ancylostoroa spp. infection in lion, leopard and tiger, while they were at not at all effective against the infection of Spirometra species.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF FASCIOLA GIGANTICA AND GIGANT0C0TYLE EXPLANATUM INFESTATION IN BUFFALOES
    (AAU, Anand, 1992) HASNANI, JIGAR JIVANLAL; AVSATTHI, B. L.
    Present studies were carried out to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Agar-gel diffusion test, Counter-current Immunoelectrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis and Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis as well as to know the antegenic fractions of Fasciola gigantica and Gigantocotyle explanatum. These four immunodiagnostic tests were also employed to know the cross-re activity between these two flukes and showed that they share common antigenic fractions. Compared to agar gel diffusion test and Immunoelectrophoresis, Counter-current Immunoelectrophoresis can be considered to be better, highly sensitive and it is also precise, as such it can be used as an alternative test for immunodiagnosis of fascioliasis and biliary amphistomiasis. It is also a rapid technique and can clearly detect active infection. However, Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis technique seems to be superior, highly sensitive as well as precise compared to above three mentioned immunodiagnostioc tests as it produced better separation and resolution, thus it can be useful In investigating even minor antigenic differences between strains as the hosts are exposed to the antigenic stimuli repeatedly over long period. Crossed Inmunoelectrophoresis test is performed in two dimensions which has a better resolution as compared to conventional electrophoresis. Histopathological aspects Gross and histopathological characteristic findings in F.gigantica infestation was mainly confined to the liver and then to the bile duct area. The predomination pathological gross lesions were confined to the liver which was enlarged, haemorrhagic, highly congested and had wide-spread greyish creamy deposits on its surface. The bile ducts were very much thickened and distended. Compared to this , in case of (G.explanatum infestation, gross lesions were pertaining to bile duct and nearly liver tissue including portal triad . The affected part of the liver and bile duct appeared pale, enlarged and farm in consistency. Microscopically, there were large numbers of multiple haemorrhagic tracts made up of erythrocytes and degenerating hepatic cells with polymorphs, eosinophils and mononuclear cells in F.gigantica infestation. Migratory tracts accompanied with necrosis and infiltration of white cells were more in evidence with lesions of early fibrosis. Marked pericellular fibrosis revealed around single hepatocytes or groups of hepatocytes and monolobular fibrosis comprised of strands of fibrous tissue connecting the portal canals, thus outlining the hepatic lobules. Perilobular fibrosis with mononuclear cell infiltration was observed and as the Infestation process continued, due to this extensive fibrosis, a substantial part of liver parenchyma was replaced by connective tissue. Predominant lesions in infested livers were pyknotic nuclei at places in hepatic cells with vacuolation, coagulative necrosis, atrophy and degenerative changes. The normal architecture of hepatic cord was distorted with swollen hepatic cells and constricted sinusoids. While in G.explanatum infested liver, histopathological changes were mostly confined to the viscinity of the bile duct, showed extensive proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in the portal areas with mononuclear cell infiltrations , atrophy of liver lobules, individualization of hepatic cells with degenaration and proliferation of Von-Kupffer's cells . F.gigantica infested bile ducts showed hyperplastic cholangitis, denudation of bile duct epithelium and inflammatory reaction with numerous eosinophils and mononuclear cells infiltration resulted into fibrosis of bile duct as well as chronic entity revealed hyperplastic changes with variable increase in the periductular connective tissue while in G.explanatum infestation, infested bile ducts showed marked proliferation of mucosal glands with hyperplastic changes in the mucosal epithelium, desquamation of bile duct epithelium with cellular infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells . The portal triad with marked distortion of lobular architecture of liver and lumen of bile ducts having G.explanatum with pink exudate and degenerating neutrophils. Fibroblastic proliferation was also observed in the bile ducts indicating chronicity.