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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES PROFILING IN CAECAL MICROBIOTA OF POULTRY USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING(Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2021) Patel Krishnabahen. J; Dr. R. A. MathakiyaPoultry production can function as an instrument for poverty alleviation and economic development. As low-income countries transition into higher incomes alongside growing urban populations, there is an increasing demand for quality sources of animal products. Poultry products are consumed highest in the world, but in several countries many essential antibiotics are used during poultry production. Promotion of intensive poultry production could increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within resource-limited settings lacking in effective biosafety and biosecurity measures. In recent scenario, phenotypic and genotypic methods are used for the detection of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance genes spread through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through phages, plasmids, transposons or integron gene cassettes.ThesisItem Open Access WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING, GENOTYPING AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF ROTAVIRUS ISOLATES OF BOVINES AND POULTRY(Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2021) Esha Sinha; Dr. R. A. MathakiyaRotavirus A (RVA) is a significant pathogen and leading cause of neonatal diarrhea in the young ones of a large variety of mammalian and avian host species with extensive economic impact. RV is a cart-wheel shaped, non-enveloped, triple layered, 11 segmented double stranded RNA virus with a genome size of 18.55 kb. RV is transmitted through fecal oral route and causes diarrhea by destroying mature enterocytes near the tips of villi of the small intestine. The lack of proof reading activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coupled with reassortment events among RV species results in generation of new genotype and genetically closely related variants. Much of the previous work looks at virus prevalence and genotyping of VP4 and VP7 genes. The latest development focuses on the evolution of the gene segments and genotyping of all the other segments. The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has enabled the evolutionary studies of the entire viral genome and its variants. The use of the Illumina NGS technology interrogates the genome sequence and evolution of rotaviruses.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR DETECTION, H AND N GENES BASED SEQUENCING AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2021) Pasupuleti Pranitha; Dr. M. K. JhalaCanine distemper virus (CDV) currently known as Canine morbillivirus and the disease caused by this virus is Canine distemper (CD). The disease is characterized by rapid onset of severe leucopenia and loss of lymphocyte proliferation ability resulting in immunosuppression in domestic dogs and it has increasingly become to known as worldwide multiple host pathogen. The present study was aimed for molecular detection using LFA kit and RT-PCR, H and N genes based sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of CDV in Anand and Ahmedabad districts of Gujarat state.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA FROM WOUND INFECTION IN ANIMALS AND ISOLATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2021) Patel Himadri P.; Dr. B. B. BhanderiA wound is a break in skin or tissues, which can be associated with structural and functional disruption. Common clinical signs of wound infection are localized erythema, pain, heat, cellulitis and oedema, abscess, discharge, delayed healing, tissue discolouration inside and at the edges of the wound, friable & bleeding granulation tissue, an abnormal smell and wound breakdown. The invasion of pathogenic organisms aggravates wounds, which are one of the most harmful illnesses in the body. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) observed in many bacteria and these natural phenomenon increasing day by day due to excessive use of antimicrobial agents. To combat this AMR bacteriophage are preferred as an alternative.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTRADERMAL TUBERCULIN TEST, IMMUNO CHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY & POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR DIAGNOSIS AND PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2020) Chaudhari Pravin J.; Dr. B. B. BhanderiBovine TB (bTB) is highly infectious, chronic bacterial zoonosis disease. M. tuberculosis primarily affects humans (TB), while M. bovis causes bovine tuberculosis and affects a wide variety of hosts including domestic animals, humans, and wildlife. Present study was carried out on comparison of single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test, single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test, immunochromatographic/lateral flow assay (LFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Anand, Rajkot and Mehsana districts of Gujarat state. During the period from January-2019 to February-2020, a total of 800 animals (620 cattle & 180 buffalo) from 20 farms were screened by SICCT test. SICCT test was carried out as per OIE Terrestrial Manual (2009) using PPD-A and PPD-B tuberculin’s. The reaction was considered to be positive if there was an increase of 4mm or more in skin-fold thickness in bovine site (PPD-B) than avian site (PPD-A). In the positive animals, increase in skin fold thickness were observed between 4mm to 13mm. Of the 800 SICCT tested animals, 1.37% (11) were SICCT positive, 12.87% (103) were Avian positive (PPD-A) and 10.62% (85) were SIT positive (PPD-B).ThesisItem Open Access CELL CULTURE PROPAGATION, RNA-PAGE ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ROTAVIRUS BY G AND P GENOTYPING(Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2020) Luhar Deep K.; Dr. R. A. MathakiyaRotaviruses cause diarrhoea in cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs and, poultry which poses great loss in livestock and meat industry. Rotavirus is classified under the family Reoviridae and having “cartwheel” shaped morphology. Due to segmented nature of the Rotavirus RNA genome and wide host range, vast genetic and antigenic diversity exists amongst different isolates of Rotavirus many different types are circulating in particular geographic location, it causes annual loss of approximately $9.5 million USD worldwide. In horses, the frequency of detection of rotaviruses in clinical cases varies and they appear to be endemic many parts of the world. Rotavirus infection in poultry causes clinical signs like diarrhoea, dehydration, anorexia, loss of weight gain, nutrient malabsorption, and runting and stunting syndrome.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS ANIMAL SPECIES AND BIRDS(Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2020) Ravindrakumar B. Khant; Dr. R. A. MathakiyaE. coli is well-known as a commensal of the digestive tract. E. coli is the major causative agent of diarrhea in animals viz. cattle, buffaloes, dogs etc. and various conditions in poultry. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli are resistant against beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus, detection of beta-lactamase resistance is important to select suitable antibiotics to prevent treatment failure. Moreover, integrons are responsible for the evolution and unfold of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Thus, due to increasing antibiotic resistant amongst E. coli isolates and recognizing the importance of ESBL producing E. coli and integrons responsible for antibiotic resistance the present study was undertaken with the objectives to isolate E. coli from various animals and birds species, study antibiogram profile of those E. coli isolates, detection of ESBL producing E. coli amongst those isolates and to detect ARGs and integron gene in those isolates.ThesisItem Open Access SEROSURVEILLANCE AND INCIDENCE OF CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS (CDV) IN CANINES AND MOLECULAR DETECTION BY RT-PCR(Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Joshi Vedanshee R.; Dr. M. K. JhalaCanine distemper (CD) is a fatal disease of dogs with a worldwide distribution. The causative agent is Canine distemper virus (CDV) belonging to genus Morbillivirus of family Paramyxoviridae of order Mononegavirales. Considering the importance of CDV for canine health management, and the need for studying suitable diagnostic assays for prompt diagnosis, the present study was undertaken focusing on serosurveillance of CDV antibo dies and incidence of the virus by various diagnostic assays in various districts of Gujarat state.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI FROM OTITIS EXTERNA IN DOGS AND ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES OF PSEUDOMONAS SPP.(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2020) Doshi Dhruvi M.; Dr. B. B. BhanderiDogs are affected with many bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Amongst all the diseases, otitis externa is one of the most common disease of the canines. It is defined as an acute or chronic inflammation of the external ear canal. Common clinical signs of otitis externa are head shaking, scratching the ears, otic discharge, evidence of self-trauma and excoriations, swelling and pain. The bacteria or yeasts organisms associated with cases of otitis externa are only opportunists and are not the primary pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence is a natural phenomenon accelerated by the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. To combat this AMR bacteriophage are preferred as an alternative. A bacteriophage particle or virion consists of a single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA molecule, encapsulated inside a protein or lipoprotein coat. They are broadly divided into two categories: Lytic/Virulent phage and Lysogenic/Temperate phage. Looking towards the increasing prevalence of otitis in canine population and recognizing the importance of bacteriophages, the study was undertaken with following objectives viz. cultural isolation and identification of bacterial and yeast/fungal pathogens from otitic and healthy ears of dogs, biochemical characterization bacteria isolated, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates, isolation of bacteriophages from environmental samples and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial and phage DNA.
