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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access DETECTION OF GENES FOR VIRULENCE ASSOCIATED FACTORS, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND PLASMID PROFILE AMONG PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM ANIMALS AND AVIAN SPECIES IN GUJARAT(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Parmar Rahul A.; Dr. B. B. BhanderiThe present study was undertaken with a view of isolation and identification of P. multocida from suspected animal and avian species of Gujarat. These isolates were studied for their biochemical behavior, in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern, P. multocida species specific PCR (PM-PCR), molecular characterization by PCR assay for capsular typing, detection of various virulence associated genes by PCR, detection of antibiotic resistance gene and plasmid profile.ThesisItem Open Access SERODETECTION OF Brucella ANTIBODIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Brucella ISOLATES FROM REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN AND AROUND ANAND(Department of Veterinary Microbiology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2016) Ritesh N. Patel; Dr. Ashish RoyBrucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by gram negative, facultative intracellular bacteria Brucella that are pathogenic for a wide range of animals and human beings. The disease has a considerable impact on human and animal health, as well as socioeconomic impacts, especially in which rural income relies largely on livestock breeding and dairy products. Brucella organisms are coccobacilli or short rods, arranged singly and less frequently in pairs or small groups. The genus Brucella belong to the α- proteobacteria group and consists of six recognized species: Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella ovis, Brucella canis, Brucella neotomae and the strains recently discovered in marine mammals and in common vole (Microtus arvalis) and published under the respective species names of Brucella ceti, Brucella pinnipedialis and Brucella microti. Diagnosis is usually based on serological tests and/or cultivation. Serological evidence suggested that brucellosis is highly endemic in many parts of India.ThesisItem Open Access DETECTION OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA LOAD IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED MICE AND ITS DETECTION BY DIRECT BLOOD AND TISSUE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Patel Brijeshkumar Pravinbhai; Dr. B. B. BhanderiThe present study was undertaken to ascertain enumeration of P. multocida from blood and tissue at different time interval to experimental inoculation in mice and to confirm by cultural, biochemical, P. multocida PCR (PM-PCR), whole blood PCR and Tissue PCR. The blood and tissue was stored on FTA card at different temperature and PM-PCR was carried out at different time interval.ThesisItem Open Access SERODETECTION OF Brucella ANTIBODIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Brucella ISOLATES FROM REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN AND AROUND ANAND(AAU, Anand, 2016) PATEL, RITESHKUMAR NARSINHBHAI; Roy, AshishBrucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by gram negative, facultative intracellular bacteria Brucella that are pathogenic for a wide range of animals and human beings. The disease has a considerable impact on human and animal health, as well as socioeconomic impacts, especially in which rural income relies largely on livestock breeding and dairy products. Brucella organisms are coccobacilli or short rods, arranged singly and less frequently in pairs or small groups. The genus Brucella belong to the aproteobacteria group and consists of six recognized species: Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis. Brucella ovis. Brucella canis, Brucella neotomae and the strains recently discovered in marine mammals and in common vole (Microtus arvalis) and published under the respective species names oi Brucella ceti, Brucella pinnipedialis and Brucella microti. Diagnosis is usually based on serological tests and/or cultivation. Serological evidence suggested that brucellosis is highly endemic in many parts of India. The present study was undertaken to detect Brucella antibodies in serum, isolation of Brucella organisms from various reproductive disorders (abortion, R.O.P., endometritis, infertility and repeat breeder) and PCR based identification and characterization of Brucella isolates. For detection of Brucella antibodies in serum, two serological methods viz., i-ELISA and RBPT were carried out. For isolation of Brucella organisms Brucella agar medium (BAM) was used and for detection oi Brucella DNA by PCR three different genus specific primer pairs viz., B4/B5, JPF/JPR and F4/R2 were used. Species identification of various brucella isolates obtained from cattle and buffalo were carried out by AMOS PCR and Bruce-ladder PCR. During the study period, total 434 sera samples comprising of 361 from cattle and 73 from buffaloes were screened using i-ELISA, of which 51 (14.12%) and 22 (30.13%) were found positive, respectively. The overall seropositive sera among 434 sera samples was found to be 73 (16.80%). In present study, seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies from gynaecological disorder cases was studied from the 434 serum samples comprises of 361 from cattle and 73 buffaloes by RBPT. Forty eight sera samples were found to be positive by RBPT indicating seropositivity of 11.05%. Among the two serological tests employed for detection of Brucella antibody in serum of cattle and buffaloes, the highest positive results were obtained by ELISA (16.80%), followed by RBPT (11.05%). Prevalence of Brucella antibody in abortion and R.O.P. were studied using i- ELISA and RBPT, recorded 34.69% and 22.44% positivity in cattle and buffaloes, respectively whereas from reproductive disorders (endometritis, infertility and repeat breeder) 11.69% by i-ELISA and 7.25% by RBPT were found to be overall seropositive in cattle and buffaloes. Attempt for cultural isolation was done by inoculating 114 various samples like vaginal swabs, aborted material, milk and placenta. Of these, only 3 samples yielded Brucella organisms on Brucella agar medium. The isolates were identified by cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics test and further confirmed by PCR using different genus and species specific primer pairs. Colony PCR was carried out using various genus specific primer pairs for the confirmation oi Brucella isolates for different gene. The desired product of 223 bp using B4/B5 (BCSP31 gene) primer pair was amplified in all the 3 isolate (including reference strain). However, desired product of 193 bp using JPF/JPR (omp2 gene) primer pairs was amplified except isolates C2 (cow). Whereas product of 905 bp using F4/R2 (16S rRNA gene) primer pairs was amplified in all the isolates. Furthermore for the species identification, multiplex PCR assays were employed that were AMOS PCR and Bruce-ladder PCR. AMOS PCR could amplify B. abortus specific primer, whereas Bruce-ladder also could able to identify all 3 isolates as B. abortus. All the isolates of Brucella abortus from cows (C1, C2 and C3) were found to be 100% sensitive to Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Amikacin, Erythromycin, Pefloxacin, Amoxyclav, Spectinomycin and Norfloxacin whereas all the three B. abortus isolates were found to be resistant to Ampicillin.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR DETECTION, N GENE SEQUENCING AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RABIES VIRUS(AAU, Anand, 2016) DHAVALKUMAR HIRALAL, VAGHESHWARI; JHALA, M. K.Rabies is an ancient global fatal disease of central nervous system (CNS) and most significant zoonotic and neglected viral disease that affects almost all kinds of mammals, including humans. The causative agent for rabies is Rabies virus, the prototype member of the genus Lyssavirus of the family Rhabdoviridae under the order Mononegavirales. India stands highest for the incidences of rabies with an estimated 20,000 human death and 17.4 million exposures to animal bites every year. The study of rabies dynamics in the field required to understand the genetic variants in circulation and their evolutionary relationships thereby to help devise effective control measures. The genetic characterization of the virus provides an opportunity to elucidate the epidemiologic and evolutionary relationships between rabies virus (RV) and rabies related viruses (RRVs). The present study was aimed to study the ante mortem detection of rabies virus from saliva samples as well as post mortem detection of rabies virus from brain samples by Immunochromatographic test kit and molecular technique (RT-PCR), and virus characterization by sequencing of partial N gene of rabies virus and phylogenetic analysis to know the genotype and lineage of rabies virus present in Gujarat state. A total of 32 samples (18 brain samples and 14 saliva samples) were aseptically collected from live and dead animals viz. dog, buffalo, cow, goat, donkey and hyena for rabies virus detection. Brain and saliva samples were examined by Immunochromatographic test (ICT) and RT-PCR, and the results of both these tests were compared. Out of 18 brain samples, 17 brain samples were found positive by ICT, whereas 16 brain samples were found positive by RT-PCR. In 14 saliva samples, seven samples were positive by ICT, whereas eight samples were positive by RT-PCR. On comparison of both these tests, one brain sample was found false positive and one saliva sample was found false negative by ICT when compared with RT-PCR. Both the tests, thus, yielded comparable results with an additional advantage of using them in live animals. Sequencing of 20 samples having good concentration of RT-PCR product was performed by Sanger sequencing method using ABI 3500 Genetic analyzer. Obtained sequences had nucleotide length ranging from 584 to 606 bp and deduced amino acid length of 193-196 amino acids. Sequences were submitted to NCBI Genebank using Bankit online sequence submission tool. ClustalW alignment of nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of field rabies isolates revealed 95.20-100% and 97.95-100% similarity among themselves, respectively. Multiple nucleotide sequence alignment of field rabies isolates with Pasteur and CVS reference strains revealed 89.10 - 90.75% and 88.07 - 90.84% similarity, respectively. The multiple sequence alignment revealed single nucleotide variations at total 91 different positions. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment showed that all the field rabies isolates were 94.38 - 95.91% and 94.89 - 96.42%) similar with Pasteur and CVS reference rabies strains and also revealed single amino acid variations at total 17 different positions. Phylogenetic analysis was done using MEGA version 6 with Neighbor Joining algorithm using a consensus of 1000 bootstrap replicates with a total of 21 isolates/ sequences of Indian and foreign origin along with Pasteur and CVS reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences revealed three distinct clusters with Indian and foreign isolates. Our 20 field rabies isolates were highly similar with earlier reported five Indian sequences and were grouped together in cluster I. The cluster I was at 0.03 genetic distance with cluster II and 0.10 with cluster III. The reference vaccine strains Pasteur and CVS were present in cluster II. The genetic distance of Pasteur strain with our field rabies isolates and whole cluster I was 0.10 and 0.08, respectively. CVS strain was at 0.11 genetic distance with our field isolates and at 0.09 genetic distance with whole cluster I. The present study revealed that the Immunochromatographic test and RT-PCR yielded comparable results for detection of rabies virus from brain and saliva samples with an additional advantage of using them in live animals. Multiple sequence alignment of field rabies isolates and reference vaccine strains (Pasteur and CVS strain) indicated single nucleotide variations-(SNVs) at total 91 positions and amino acid variations at total 17 different positions. Phylogenetic analysis of N gene sequences using our 20 field rabies isolates and 21 other reported isolates in Genbank resulted in 3 phylogenetic clusters. All the field rabies isolates showed same genetic lineage among themselves and with other earlier reported Indian rabies isolates placing them in Arctic like lineage of Genotype 1 Rabies virus. However, they were at genetic distance with reference Pasteur and CVS strains, which grouped in different phylogenetic cluster.ThesisItem Open Access SERODETECTION OF Brucella ANTIBODIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Brucella ISOLATES FROM REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN AND AROUND ANAND”(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2016) RITESHKUMAR NARSINHBHAI PATEL; Dr. Ashish RoyBrucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by gram negative, facultative intracellular bacteria Brucella that are pathogenic for a wide range of animals and human beings. The disease has a considerable impact on human and animal health, as well as socioeconomic impacts, especially in which rural income relies largely on livestock breeding and dairy products. Brucella organisms are coccobacilli or short rods, arranged singly and less frequently in pairs or small groups. The genus Brucella belong to the α- proteobacteria group and consists of six recognized species: Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella ovis, Brucella canis, Brucella neotomae and the strains recently discovered in marine mammals and in common vole (Microtus arvalis) and published under the respective species names of Brucella ceti, Brucella pinnipedialis and Brucella microti. Diagnosis is usually based on serological tests and/or cultivation. Serological evidence suggested that brucellosis is highly endemic in many parts of IndiaThesisItem Open Access “MOLECULAR DETECTION, N GENE SEQUENCING AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RABIES VIRUS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2016) Dhavalkumar Hiralal Vagheshwari; Dr. M. K. JhalaRabies is an ancient global fatal disease of central nervous system (CNS) and most significant zoonotic and neglected viral disease that affects almost all kinds of mammals, including humans. The causative agent for rabies is Rabies virus, the prototype member of the genus Lyssavirus of the family Rhabdoviridae under the order Mononegavirales. India stands highest for the incidences of rabies with an estimated 20,000 human death and 17.4 million exposures to animal bites every year. The study of rabies dynamics in the field required to understand the genetic variants in circulation and their evolutionary relationships thereby to help devise effective control measures. The genetic characterization of the virus provides an opportunity to elucidate the epidemiologic and evolutionary relationships between rabies virus (RV) and rabies related viruses (RRVs).ThesisItem Open Access “ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL ORGANISMS FROM EYES OF DOGS WITH OCULAR INFECTIONS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2016) Rashmi Gupta; Dr. Ashish RoyThe reports of normal ocular flora in dogs show a predominance of nonpathogenic, mainly Gram positive organisms. However, Gram negative and fungal species are also found as a part of the normal ocular flora of the dog. The microbiota of ocular surface depends on the age of the dog, geographical location and the climate.