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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANTIOXIDANT SERICIN IN EGG YOLK TRIS EXTENDER FOR CRYOPRESERVATION OF BOVINE SEMEN
    (DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) Patel Tapasvikumar M.; Dr. A.J. Dhami
    This investigation was undertaken during winter season on three mature healthy pedigreed breeding bulls each of Gir cattle and Murrah buffalo breeds, with the aim to assess effect of different concentration of antioxidant Sericin in standard Tris fructose egg yolk glycerol (TFYG) extender for improving cryopreservation of cattle and buffalo semen based on sperm quality parameters, and assay of oxidative markers in seminal plasma of freshly diluted and cryopreserved semen, and thereby to find out the optimum level of Sericin that can be recommended for cryopreservation of bovine semen. Ten ejaculates were studied from each bull at weekly interval in a split-sample technique for spermatozoa quality traits, and representative six ejaculates for oxidative markers, viz., malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in freshly diluted and frozen-thawed seminal plasma. Only the ejaculates with >70% initial motility were used.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE CITRATE (FERTIVET FVT 300) ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND SEMEN QUALITY IN SURTI BUFFALO BULLS
    (AAU, Anand, 1991) Doshi, M. B.; Derashri, H. J.
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of clomiphene citrate (Fertivet FVT 300) on sexual behaviour, semen quality and quantity and level of testosterons in eight Surti buffalo bulls. The experiment was divided into three phases : pre-treatment, during treatment and post-treatment; each of eight weeks keeping equal number of bulls as control. Significant (P /0.05) effect of treatment was observed on reaction time, semen volume, total sperm count, total solids, total protein, citric acid, potassium and (P /0.01) serum testosterone level. Sustained significant effect of treatment was observed on citric acid (P /0.05) and serum testosterone level (P /0.01) during post-treatment phase. Significant (P /0.05) correlations due to treatment were observed between reaction time (negative), colour and consistency; (P /0.01) total protein, citric acid and initial fructose and testosterone. It was concluded that treatment with clomiphene citrate increased the testosterone levels in blood which reduced the reaction time and increased the sperm concentration to a threshold level and activity of accessory sex glands. Post-treatment effects sustained only for few weeks.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    SUPEROVULATION, NON-SURGICAL RECOVERY AND EMBRYO TRANSFER IN THE WATER BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)
    (AAU, Anand, 1986) MOTWANI, KISHORE T.; Kodagali, S. B.
    Embryo transfer in dairy cattle is a tool to produce large number of high quality seed stock and to multiply the most desirable genotype. The present study was an attempt to adopt the standard superovulatory region, non-surgical recovery and embryo transfer technique of cattle to the water buffaloes. The experimental animals comprised of high yielding six Surti breed and six Mehsani breed buffaloes to serve as potential donors and five Surti breed buffaloes as recipients. The study was undertaken during the period from February to May, 1985 (summer).
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON REPEAT BREEDING CONDITION IN CROSSBRED (K x J AND K x HF) CATTLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CERVICAL MUCUS
    (AAU, Anand, 1986) MEHTA, GHANASHYAM B.; KODAGALI, S. B.
    The present study was undertaken with a view to elucidate some of the etiological factors involved in repeat breeding conditions in crossbred cattle with reference to cervical mucus content and change in its physical properties and suggest therapeutic measures. Detailed gynaecological examinations of a total of 38 repeating crossbred animals showed 23.68 per cent genital abnormalities with maximum 10.52 per cent disorders were found to be of cervix.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS, BIOCHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC CONSTITUENTS, FREEZABILITY, ENZYME LEAKAGE AND FERTILITY IN SURTI BUFFALO BULLS
    (AAU, Anand, 1986) DHAMI, A. J.; KODAGALI, S. B.
    The present investigation was undertaken on four Surti Buffalo bulls during a period of one year (wet, hot & cold seasons), at the Department of Veterinary Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Gujarat Veterinary College, Anand. The studies included evaluation of seminal characters, assay of biochemical & systematic constituents, freezability, efficacy of different extenders, leakage of enzymes, fertility and their correlations. The seasonal influence was also studied. Bulls were ranked, based on overall performance, semen characters, initial fructose, LDH activity, freezability and fertility. Two bulls could be grouped under excellent sexual function and two in normal sexual function. Libido and serving behaviour in these bulls were within normal limit.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIVE ANDROLOGY OF GIR (Bos indicus) AND JAFARABADl (Bubalus bubalis) BULLS
    (AAU, Anand, 2000) Shelke, Vinaya B.; DHAMI, A. J.
    This investigation was undertaken from March to July 1999 on 6 Gir and 5 Jafarabadi bulls of 4-7 yrs age at Regional Semen Station, Rajkot, to compare between them as well as between good and poor freezability groups, the clinical aspects, scrotal biometry, haematology, blood biochemistry and testosterone profile (assessed thrice at monthly interval) as well as the physico-morphological characteristics of semen, freezability and cold shock resistance of sperm, biochemical, enzymatic and mineral profiles of seminal plasma and their interrelationships (assessed weekly on 9 ejaculates/bul1). In addition, the pattern of episodic release of testosterone and androstenedione before and after GnRH therapy (250 µg Busreiin i/v at 12 noon) was also studied once at hourly interval between 8 am and 4 pm in these bulls. Clinically external and internal genitalia were found to be normal with square to oblong scroti in all the bulls. The preputial sheath was much pendulus in Gir and tight in Jafarabadi bulls. Jafarabadi bulls were significantly tall and heavier than the Gir bulls, but had significantly lower scrotal circumference (33.03 + 0.78 vs 37.39 ± 0.53 cm) ; scrotal length/width, scrotal volume (940.00 ± 21.10 vs 1217.50± 20.69 ml) and libido score with longer react ion time (184.00 ± 28.79 vs 61.28 ± 16.92 sec). The means of seminal attributes and freezability in Gir and Jafarabadi bulls were ; ejaculate volume 4.84 + 0.16 and 5.09 + 0.18 ml, density score 2.96 + 0.13 and 2.72 + 0.13, pH 6.61 ± 0.01 and 6.66 + 0.02, mass activity 2.96 ± 0.14 and 2.23 + 0.15 (P<0.01), initial motility 67.87 + 2.69 and 59.44 + 3.05%, sperm concentration per ml 1219.44 + 38.24 and 1209.56 + 53.48 million, and per ejaculate 5927.95 + 281.66 and 6075,18 + 324.7] million, live sperm 80.13 ± 1,43 and 82.60 + 1.52%, total sperm abnormalities 15.54 + 1.09 and 22.18 + 3.11% (P<0,05), crenellation score 2.07 + 0.13 and 2.03+ 0,11, prefreeze motility 55.46 + 2.80 and 41.65 + 3.30% (P<0.01), post-thaw motility 42.19 + 2.67 and 28.22 + 2.82% (P<0.01), and cold shock resistant sperm 38.19 ± 1.03 and 36.40 + 1.23%, respectively. All these traits, except ejaculate volume, pH and abnormal sperm were highly significantly (P<0.01) and positively interrelated among each other (r= 0.362 to 0.951) in both the species. The influence of bull was significant on most of the seminal attributes, freezability and cold shock resistance, except ejaculate volume and pH in both the breeds. Further, the values of sperm density, motility and concentration were significantly (P<0.01) higher and those of live sperm (before and after cold shock) and abnormal sperm per cent were lower (P<0.01) in bulls of good freezable group than the Poor freezable.group in both the breeds, suggesting that the quality and freezability of semen were significantly superior in bulls of former than the later group in both species. The mean seminal plasma biochemical and enzymatic profiles in Gir and Jafarabadi bulls were : initial fructose 7 33.54 + 40.31 and 993.42 +50.34 mg% (P<0.01) , total proteins 7.21 + 0.23 and 2.61 + 0.10 g% (P<0.01), albumin 2.85 + 0.11 and 1.44 + 0.06 g% (P<0.01), globulin 4.35 ± 0.18 and 1.17 + 0.08 g% (P<0.01), A:G ratio 0.73 + 0.05 and 1.79 + 0.23 (P<0.05), cholesterol 33.44 + 1.77 and 17.17 + 1.07 (P<0.01), GOT 14,51 ± 1.41 and 19.58 + 2.13 lU/L (P<0.05), GPT 5.61 ± 0.47 and 3.19 ± 0.26 lU/L (P<0.01), GOT:GPT ratio 3.00 ± 0.27 and 6.19 + 0.38 (P<0.01), AKP 362.83 ± 19.12 and 1417.11 + 74.89 KAU/100 ml (P<0.01), ACP 281.96 ± 13.95 and 566.84 + 38.93 KAU/100 ml (P<0.01), and AKP:ACP ratio 1.35 ± 0.07 and 2.99 + 0.24 (P<0.01), respectively.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF SEPHADEX FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SEMEN OF GIR (Bos indicus) AND JAFARABADI ( Bubalus bubalis ) BULLS
    (AAU, Anand, 2001) Rana, Chandrakant Mavjibhai; DHAMI, A. J.
    This study was undertaken during the summer season of the year 2001 on semen of 2 Gir and 2 Jafarabadi bulls, aged 4-7 years, stationed at Regional Semen Station Rajkot. The study included evaluation of seminal characteristics, acrosome morphology, hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test, storageability at 5°C, freezability (at -196°C) and post-thaw incubation survival at 37°C of unfiltered control semen (10 ejaculates of each bull) and the filtrates of same split-samples filtered through five different grades of sephadex columns before freezing/ storage, with a view to evaluate the relative efficacies of different filtration media towards improving the quality, freezability & storage ability of bovine semen, and to recommend the best one amongst them for routine use by semen'banks. The initially motile semen ejaculates were diluted 1: 1 with Tris fructose egg yolk glycerol diluent; 2 ml each was filtered through sephadex G-25, G-50, G-75, G-lOO and G-200 gel columns and 2 ml was kept as control. All six parts were then examined for sperm motility, sperm concentration and percentages of live and abnormal sperms, intact/damaged acrosome and HOS positive sperms. The samples were then further extended upto 1:15 dilution and divided into two parts; one was preserved in refrigerator (5-6"C) and the other part was processed for cry ©preservation in LN2 (-196°C). These were evaluated for all above parameters at immediate post-thaw stage and after 48 hrs of refrigeration storage. Sperm motility was also assessed at 1, 2 and 3 hrs of post-thaw incubation and after 24, 48 and 72 hrs of refrigeration storage. The initially unfiltered splitsamples of all 40 ejaculates frozen as usual in bulk were also used for post-thaw filtration to check the possibility of improving the frozen-thawed semen. The mean semen picture in Gir and Jafarabadi bulls was: ejaculate volume (double thrust) 7.03 ± 0.44 and 6.36 ± 0.33 ml, mass activity (score 0-5) 3.33 ± 0.11 and 2.80 ± 0.06 (P < 0.05), initial motility 71.50 ± 0.89 and 66.75 ± 1.04 percent (P < 0.05), sperm concentration 1608.0 ± 53.04 and 1384.0 ± 40.06 million/ml (P < 0.01), live sperm 71.85 ± 1.49 and 77.75 ± 1.37 percent (P < 0.05), total abnormal sperm 22.50 ± 1.40 and 22.30 ± 1.57 percent, intact acrosome 84.80 ± 0.89 and 83.50 ± 1.24 percent and HOS positive sperm 54.35 ± 3.04 and 58.40 ± 2.29 percent (P<0.05), respectively. Initial Filtration of Semen: The mean sperm concentration (million/ml) observed in the fresh unfiUcrcd semen (1496.25 ± 37.38) was reduced significantly in the filtrates of sephadex G-25 (1423.50 ± 36.28), G-50 (1340.50 ± 35.76), G-75 (1261.00 ± 35.43), G-lOO (1181.25 ± 34.45) and G-200 (1091.50 ± 34.26) columns. The filtrates of five columns registered 4.86, 10.41, 15.72, 21.05 and 24.65 percent decline in sperm concentration over the control, the decline being greater with higher grades of sephadex. The overall mean motility of spermatozoa at initial, prefreeze, post-thaw and 1, 2 & 3 hrs of post-thaw incubation (37°C) was: 69.38 ± 0.78, 58.75 ± 0.96, 43.38 ± 0.95, 34.75 ± 1.03, 25.75 ± 1.04 and 18.13 ± 0.81percent, respectively, in the unfiltered control semen. The corresponding values in the filtrates of sephadex G-25 were 73.50 ± 0.96, 63.00 ± 1.09, 47.88 ± 1.06, 39.50 ± 1.16, 30.13 ± 1.02 and 22.25 ± 0.89 percent; in the filtrates of sephadex G-50 column 75.50 ± 0.96, 64.75 ± 1.32, 50.00 ± 1.01, 41.38 ± 1.21, 32.38 ± 1.12 and 24.38 ± 1.05 percent; in the filtrates of G-75 column 79.38 ± 0.88, 68.38 ± 1.33, 53.63 ± 1.12, 45.13 ± 1.27, 35.88 ± 1.16 and 27.75 ± 1.17 percent; in the filtrates of G-100 column 82.38 ± 0.90, 72.00 ± 1.14, 56.63 ± 1.08, 48.25 ± 1.14, 38.88 ± 1.02 and 30.75 ± 1.07 percent, and in the filtrates of G-200 column the values were 86.50 ± 0.92, 75.38 ± 1.14, 60.13 ± 1.07, 51.50 ± 1.12, 42.38 ± 1.00 and 34.50 ± 1.06 percent, respectively. The percent sustenance of sperm motility in the filtrates of five grades over the controls varied from 5.94 to 24.68, 7.23 to 28.31, 10.37 to 38.61, 13.67 to 48.20, 17.01 to 64.58 and 22.72 to 90.29 at different stages, respecfively. The mean motility of spermatozoa in the extended semen preserved at 5°C as unfiltered control and as filtrates of sephadex G-25, G-50, G-75, G-lOO and G- 200 columns was 53.25 ±0.96, 57.38 ± 1.09, 59.50 ± 1.25, 62.75 ± 1.32, 66.63 ± 1.14 and 70.13 ± 1.10 percent after 24 hrs of storage and declined significantly to 47.63 ± 0.98, 51.38 ± 1.13, 53.75 ± 1.22, 57.00 ± 1.25, 60.50 ± 1.12 and 63.75 ± 1.09 percent after 48 hrs, and to 31.00 ± 1.42, 35.50 ± 1.52, 37.75 ± 1.63, 41.20 ± 1.59, 44.63 ± 1.45 and 48.00 ± 1.45 percent after 72 hrs of storage, respectively. The improvement in percent sustenance of sperm motility at 5°C storage varied from 7.76 to 31.70, 7.81 to 33.84 and 14.52 to 54.84 in different filtrates over the controls at three intervals, respectively. The influence of breeds, bulls, stages/periods, filtration treatments and breed x bull and bull x stage interactions was highly significant (P < 0.01) on free/ability, post-thaw incubation survival and keeping quality (at 5°C) of bovine spermatozoa. The values for Gir bulls spermatozoa were significantly higher than the Jafari bulls at all times. There was significant and progressive improvement in the percentage of motile sperm with finer grades of sephadex columns i.e. from G-25 to G-200 and all grades were significantly superior over the control. The mean percentages of live spermatozoa at initial, post-thaw (0 hr) and post-refrigeration (48 hr) were 74.80 ± 1.10, 51.83 ± 1.56 and 58.95 ± 1.45 in unfiltered semen; 79.10 ± 1.12, 56.18 ± 1.81 and 62.73 ± 1.54 in the filtrates of sephadex G-25; 80.10 ± 1.24, 58.15 ± 1.68 and 65.13 ± 1.60 in the filtrates of G- 50; 84.13 ± 1.08, 60.43 ± 1.69 and 67.38 ± 1.61 in the filtrates of G-75; 85.65 ± 0.98, 64.70 ± 1.46 and 70.98 ± 1.57 in the filtrates of G-lOO, and 88.13 ± 0.99, 67.93 ± 1.50 and 72.75 ± 1.65 in the filtrates of G-200 column, respectively. The percent increase in live sperm content in the filtrates of different sephadex columns varied from 5.45 to 17.82, 8.39 to 31.06 and 6.41 to 23.41 over the controls at three stages, respectively. The pooled mean percentages of total sperm abnormalities in the unfiltered semen and in the filtrates of sephadex G-25, G-50, ,G-75, G-lOO and G-200 columns averaged 22.40 ± 1.04, 18.93 ± 0.63, 16.93 ± 0.75, 14.25 ± 0.78, 12.73 ± 0.85 and 10.78 ± 0.84, respectively, at the initial stage, which increased significantly at post-thaw stage to 34.45 ± 1.09, 30.88 ± 0.94, 28.10 ± 0.93, 25.68 ± 0.90, 23.30 ± 0.92 and 20.80 ± 1.03 percent, and after 48 hrs of refrigeration storage to 28.83 ± 1.10, 25.93 ± 0.83, 23.25 ± 0.83, 20.78 ± 0.88, 18.65 ± 0.92 and 16.68 ± 1.02 percent, respectively. The percent decline in total abnormal sperm content in five filtrates over the controls varied from 15.49 to 51.88, 10.36 to 39.62 and 10.09 to 42.14 at initial, post-thaw and post-refrigeration stages, respectively. The mean percentages of sperm head, midpiece and tail abnormalities in unfiltered semen and in the filtrates of 5 sephadex columns also showed similar trend at all three stages. The influence of breeds, stages/periods, filtration treatments, and breed x bull and breed x bull x treatment interactions was highly significant (P < 0.01) on percentages of live sperm and those with head, midpiece, tail and total abnormalities. There was a progressive (P < 0.01) increase in live sperm percent and decrease in abnormal sperm percent in the filtrates of sephadex columns G-25 to G-200 and the values of all were significantly superior over the control. The percentages of spermatozoa with intact acrosome found at initial, postthaw and post-refrigerafion stages were 84.15 ± 0.76, 69.33 ± 1.17 and 73.78 ± 1.00 in the unfiltered semen; 86.50 ± 0.79, 71.53 ± 1.00 and 76.60 ± 1.04 in the filtrates of sephadex G-25; 88.33 ± 0.68, 74.73 ± 1.02 and 78.73 ± 0.99 in the filtrates of G-50; 91.05 ± 0.62, 76.98 ± 0.92 and 81.38 ± 0.90 in the filtrates of G- 75; 92.55 ± 0.59, 79.40 ± 0.97 and 84.15 ± 0.93 in the filtrates of G-lOO, and 94.63 ± 0.64, 82.20 ± 0.86, and 86.35 ± 0.90 in the filtrates of G-200 columns, respectively. The sperm with intact acrosome registered 2.79 to 12.45, 3.17 to 18.56 and 3.82 to 17.04 percent increase in the filtrates of different columns over the controls at initial, post-thaw and post-refrigeration stages. Further, the initial percentage of denuded acrosome recorded in the unfiltered semen and in the filtrates of sephadex G-25, G-50, G-75, G-lOO and G- 200 columns as 10.65 ± 0.71, 9.43 ± 0.69, 8.38 ± 0.59, 6.38 ± 0.51, 5.60 ± 0.58 and 3.95 ± 0.53, respectively, increased significantly to 19.40 ± 1.08, 18.65 ± 0.86, 16.55 ± 0.86, 14.70 ± 0.82, 13.85 ± 0.87 and 12.98 ± 0.76 at post-thaw stage and to 16.65 ± 0.88, 15.28 ± .92, 14.35 ± 0.88, 13.00 ± 0.71, 11.20 ± 0.75 and 9.75 ± 0.77 after 48 hrs of refrigeration storage, respectively. The filtrates of all columns over the control registered 1.46 to 62.91, 3.87 to 33.09 and 8.23 to 41.44 percent decline in denuded acrosme at initial, post-thaw and post-refrigeration stages, respectively. The mean percentages of spermatozoa with swollen and ruffled acrosome also revealed same end in the control and filtered semen at all three stages. The influence of breeds, bulls, stages/periods, filtration treatments, and breed x bull and breed x bull x stage interactions was highly significant (P < 0.01) for the percentages of sperm with intact acrosomes and for different types of acrosomal changes. There was significant and progressive improvement in the percentage of sperm with intact acrosome with corresponding decrease in the incidence of various types of damaged acrosomes in filtrates of ascending grades ofsephadex. The HOS reactive sperm percent recorded at initial, immediate post-thaw and after 48 hrs of refrigeration storage were 56.38 ± 1.91, 25.65 ± 1.52 and 32.98 ± 1.56 in the unfiltered semen; 59.90 ± 2.07, 28.50 ± 1.61 and 35.28 ± 1.60 in the filtrates of sephadex G-25; 63.93 ± 2.17, 31.78 ± 1.80 and 38.73 ± 1.81 in the filtrates of sephadex G-50; 68.05 ± 2.20, 36.05 ± 1.79 and 43.30 ± 1.88 in the filtrates of G-75; 71.50 ± 2.05, 38.50 ± 2.07 and 46.80 ± 1.99 in the filtrates of G- 100, and 75.87 ± 1.96, 42.55 ± 2.02 and 50.18 ± 2.13 in the filtrates of G-200 column, respectively. The percent increase in HOS positive sperm in the filtrates of different columns over controls ranged from 6.24 to 34.57, 6.94 to 59.66 arjd 6.97 to 52.15 at three stages, respectively. The sperm with different types of hypo-osmotic swelling patterns also showed similar trend. The effect of all major factors and breed x stage and bull x stage interactions was highly significant (P < 0.01) for the percentage of total and different types" of HOS positive spermatozoa. The percentages of motile, live and HOS positive sperm and intact acrosome in fresh, post-thawed and post-refrigerated semen revealed highly significant (P < 0.01) positive interrelationships among themselves (r = 0.17 to 0.90), and negative correlations with the sperm/acrosome abnormalities in three types of semen (r = -0.15 to -0.73) in both the species, suggesting that these traits could be of practical utility in routine semen evaluation to predict its keeping quality, freezability and fertility (by HOS test) in both Gir and Jafarabadi bulls. Post-thaw Filtration: The values of different spermatozoal traits in the frozen-thawed semen kept as unfiltered control and that filtered through sephadex G-25, G-50, G-75, G-lOO and G-200 columns were 49.00 ± 0.98, 54.00 ± 1.02, 56.63 ± 0.83, 59.75 ± 0.91, 63.38 ± 0.87 and 66.63 ± 0.79 percent, respectively, for progressive sperm modlity; 98.42 ± 1.83, 85.58 ± 1.47, 78.72 ± 1.44, 71.65 ± 1.35, 65.43 ± 1.49 and 58.10 ± 1.31 million/ml for sperm concentration; 58.05 ± 1.07, 60.75 ± 1.04, 63.53 ± 1.12, 67.20 ± 1.10, 71.00 ± 1.23 and 73.03 ± 1.09 percent for live spermatozoa; 31.08 ± 0.54, 28.10 ± 0.56, 25.70 ± 0.54, 22.90 ± 0.57, 20.30 ± 0.54 and 17.20 ± 0.49 percent for total sperm abnormalities; 70.70 ± 0.75, 73.50 ± 0.71, 76.40 ± 0.73, 78.95 ± 0.71, 81.38 ± 0.71 and 84.00 ± 0.65 percent for intact acrosomes, and 30.93 ± 0.92, 34.08 ± 1.00, 36.85 ± 1.06, 41.25 ± 1.16, 44.58--h 1.25 and 47.98 ± 1.29 percent for HOS positive sperm. The filtrates of 5 grades of sephadcx columns registered improvement over control in motility by 10.20 to 35.98%; live sperm by 4.65 to 25.81%; intact acrosome by 3.96 to 18.81%, and HOS positive sperm by 10.18 to 55.58%; and a relative reduction in sperm concentration, abnormal sperm and damaged acrosome by 13.05 to 40.97%, 9.58 to 44.66% and 3.96 to 18.81%, respectively. The influence of breeds, bulls, filtration treatments and breed x bull interaction was highly significant (P < 0.01) for almost all parameters studied in frozen-thawed semen. The segment-wise sperm abnormalities i.e. of head, mid-piece, tail and also the acrosomal alterations i.e. swollen, ruffled and denuded, varied significantly between filtration treatments. The semen quality was much better in Gir than in Jafri bulls and in filtrates of higher grades of sephadex (G-75 to G- 200) as compared to lower grades (G-25, G-50). Like fresh semen, various sperm traits of frozen-thawed filtered semen in both the species were highly significantly (P < 0.01) interrelated. In general, the sephadex column filtration techniques significantly improved the sperm motility, viability (live sperm %>), intact acrosome and HOS positive sperm percent, and decreased sperm concentration and the sperm/ acrosome abnormalities, and thereby enhanced freezability and keeping quality of semen at 5oC; the improvement was particularly marked in the poor quality semen ejaculates and with higher grades of sephadex. The sephadex G-100 and G-200 columns were proved to be more efficient than G-25 and G-50 columns with regards to overall improvement of quality of semen at initial, post-thawed and post-refrigerated stages, hence can be recommended for the wide scale application, as a routine practice, in improving the semen quality by all semen banks.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF FRUCTOSE AS SEMEN ADDITIVE ON SPERMATOZOAL MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY AND PRESERVATION OF JAFFARABADI BUFFALO BULL SEMEN
    (AAU, Anand, 1997) Merja, R. M.; Derashri, H. J.
    The present study on effect of different concentrations of fructose as semen additive on spermatozoal mitochondrial activity and preservation of Jaffarabadi buffalo bull semen was carried out over a period of 8 weeks during the months of January,1996 to March,1996. This study included evaluation of seminal characteristics and evaluation of effect of three different concentration of fructose in Tris Yolk Glycerol dilutor viz., 1.25 g % (control), 2.5 g %, (T1) and 3.50 g %, (T2) on buffalo spermatozoa stored at refrigeration temperature for 24 and 48 h and at pre-freeze and post-freeze stages as well as estimation of initial fructose content and SDH activity of Jaffarabadi buffalo semen. Based on 32 ejaculates (8 ejaculates from each of the four bulls), the mean values for various seminal characteristics were s ejaculate volume 4.37 ± 0.37 ml, colour and consistency score 4.40±0.15 , mass activity 3.29 ± 0.07, individual motility 65.78 ±1.17 per cent, sperm concentration 1054.37 ± 20.97 millions per ml, spermatozoal viability 88.12 ± 0.70 per cent, spermatozoal abnormality 5.87 ± 0.47 per cent, initial fructose content 610.59 ± 7,06 mg/100 ml and initial SDH activity 48.58 ± 0.58 )µg formazon formed per ml of semen. The 'F' test analysis for the effect of bulls revealed the bull effect to be non-significant for volume, colour and consistency, mass activity, sperm concentration, individual, motility and viability. However, the bull effect was significant (P<0.05) for spermatozoal abnormality. The initial fructose content and initial SDH activity of semen, both of these were highly significantly (P<0.01) and positively correlated with mass activity, individual motility, sperm concentration and spermatozoal viability, where as, ejaculate volume and abnormal sperm count were negatively correlated. Addition of 2.5 g % fructose to Tris Yolk Glycerol dilutor proved to be a superior semen diluent additive than others (control and T2), as indicated by significantly
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SOME ASPECTS OF INFERTILITY IN JERSEY COWS USED EXTENSIVELY IN EMBRYO TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY.
    (AAU, Anand, 2004) SHAH, RAKHIBEN MADANBHAI; PATEL, D. M.
    The present investigation on "Studies on some aspects of infertility in Jersey cows used extensively in Embryo Transfer Technology" was undertaken on Jersey animals (n=10) at the Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand Campus Anand. The study was carried out during the months of May 2003 to September 2003 The experimental animals were located at Reproductive Biology Research Unit, Veterinary College, Anand. All the Jersey cows were used in research related to non-surgical embryo transfer and were super-ovulated and flushed number of times under the strict Veterinary care. Also, excellent quality embryos after evaluation were transferred into some these animals, which served as recipients. Preliminary examination was made to know the reproductive status of the animals. Animals were divided in two groups. In first group normal estrus cycle of animals before breeding were observed. In the second estrous cycle of the first group all the animals were given intrauterine antibiotic, ampicilin and cloxacilin preparation (Ampoxin 2 gm containing ampicilin 1000 mg. and cloxacilin 1000 mg). In the second group animals were treated with GnRH (Receptal, 5 ml, I/M) and were bred. Blood collection was made at weekly interval and the pregnancy diagnosis was done on day 45 post breeding. The blood serum levels of glucose, calcium, phosphorus, calcium: phosphorus ratio, iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese were lower in these animals. Repeated rectal examination of these cows revealed the cause of infertility to be cystic ovarian degeneration (two animals), ovarobursal adhesion (one animal), and early embryonic mortality (two animals). Tubal insufflation method of testing fallopian tube patency revealed bilateral complete tubal blockage in two animals and partial tubal blockage in three animals. These findings clearly demonstrated that superovulation in embryo transfer technology lowers the fertility in cows and repeated super ovulation lead to sterility in cows.