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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE CITRATE (FERTIVET FVT 300) ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND SEMEN QUALITY IN SURTI BUFFALO BULLS(AAU, Anand, 1991) Doshi, M. B.; Derashri, H. J.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of clomiphene citrate (Fertivet FVT 300) on sexual behaviour, semen quality and quantity and level of testosterons in eight Surti buffalo bulls. The experiment was divided into three phases : pre-treatment, during treatment and post-treatment; each of eight weeks keeping equal number of bulls as control. Significant (P /0.05) effect of treatment was observed on reaction time, semen volume, total sperm count, total solids, total protein, citric acid, potassium and (P /0.01) serum testosterone level. Sustained significant effect of treatment was observed on citric acid (P /0.05) and serum testosterone level (P /0.01) during post-treatment phase. Significant (P /0.05) correlations due to treatment were observed between reaction time (negative), colour and consistency; (P /0.01) total protein, citric acid and initial fructose and testosterone. It was concluded that treatment with clomiphene citrate increased the testosterone levels in blood which reduced the reaction time and increased the sperm concentration to a threshold level and activity of accessory sex glands. Post-treatment effects sustained only for few weeks.ThesisItem Open Access HORMONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN FERTILE AND INFERTILE POSTPARTUM SURTI BUFFALOES(AAU, Anand, 1999) Shah, Rohit G.; Kavani, F. S.The study entitled "HORMONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN FERTILE AND INFERTILE POSTPARTUM SURTI BUFFALOES" was conducted on 39 suckled postpartum Surti buffaloes of University farm, Navsari, in three experimental phases/groups (viz., Fertile-18Vs infertile-8; GnRH treatment-6 Vs control- 5 and PGF2α treatment-7 Vs control-4) to know their postpartum hormonal., biochemical and reproductive status, and to evaluate the effect of GnRH (Fertagyl, 250 µg i.m. on day 40 postpartum) and PGF2α (Prosolvin, 15 mg i.m. on day 10 postpartum) on reproductive efficiency as well as above profiles. Jugular blood samples (604) were collected at weekly intervals from the day of calving to at least 91 days postpartum in all animals, and additional collections were made in GnRH treated group at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes of injection and in PGF2α treated group at 0,1, 2 and 3 days of PG injection. Blood plasma stored at -20°C was used to determine hormonal profiles (Progesterone, P1 and estradiol- 17β, E2) , biochemical constituents (Total cholesterol, Total protein. Calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, Ca : P ratio, Ionized calcium) and trace elements (Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese) by standard procedures. The uterine involution and ovarian changes were evaluated with the help of rectal palpations. The reproductive attributes viz., placental expulsion time and weight, regression of pregnancy CL, initiation of ovarian activity, uterine and cervical involution, first heat/ovulation postpartum, service period and number of services/conception were also assessed.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF FRUCTOSE AS SEMEN ADDITIVE ON SPERMATOZOAL MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY AND PRESERVATION OF JAFFARABADI BUFFALO BULL SEMEN(AAU, Anand, 1997) Merja, R. M.; Derashri, H. J.The present study on effect of different concentrations of fructose as semen additive on spermatozoal mitochondrial activity and preservation of Jaffarabadi buffalo bull semen was carried out over a period of 8 weeks during the months of January,1996 to March,1996. This study included evaluation of seminal characteristics and evaluation of effect of three different concentration of fructose in Tris Yolk Glycerol dilutor viz., 1.25 g % (control), 2.5 g %, (T1) and 3.50 g %, (T2) on buffalo spermatozoa stored at refrigeration temperature for 24 and 48 h and at pre-freeze and post-freeze stages as well as estimation of initial fructose content and SDH activity of Jaffarabadi buffalo semen. Based on 32 ejaculates (8 ejaculates from each of the four bulls), the mean values for various seminal characteristics were s ejaculate volume 4.37 ± 0.37 ml, colour and consistency score 4.40±0.15 , mass activity 3.29 ± 0.07, individual motility 65.78 ±1.17 per cent, sperm concentration 1054.37 ± 20.97 millions per ml, spermatozoal viability 88.12 ± 0.70 per cent, spermatozoal abnormality 5.87 ± 0.47 per cent, initial fructose content 610.59 ± 7,06 mg/100 ml and initial SDH activity 48.58 ± 0.58 )µg formazon formed per ml of semen. The 'F' test analysis for the effect of bulls revealed the bull effect to be non-significant for volume, colour and consistency, mass activity, sperm concentration, individual, motility and viability. However, the bull effect was significant (P<0.05) for spermatozoal abnormality. The initial fructose content and initial SDH activity of semen, both of these were highly significantly (P<0.01) and positively correlated with mass activity, individual motility, sperm concentration and spermatozoal viability, where as, ejaculate volume and abnormal sperm count were negatively correlated. Addition of 2.5 g % fructose to Tris Yolk Glycerol dilutor proved to be a superior semen diluent additive than others (control and T2), as indicated by significantlyThesisItem Open Access THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2∝ ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF POST-PARTUM SURTI BUFFALOES(AAU, Anand, 1994) Singh, Ashutosh Kumar; Dugwekar, Y. G.The present study on post-partum Surti buffaloes waa carried out to evaluate the effect of Prostaglandin F2∝ when administered during early post-partum period. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (I, II and III). Buffaloes in group I were given no treatment (control), group II were given 25 mg PGF2∝ at day 25 post-partum and group III were given 25 mg PGF2∝at day 35 post-partum. These buffaloes were followed after parturition for placental expulsion, complete involution of uterus, resumption of ovarian activity, post-partum estrus and post-partum fertile estrus, number of service per conception, and conception rste. The milk yield and body weight changes for first 100 days pcet-partum were also recorded. The overall gestation period, birth weight of calves, and placental expulsion time in Surti buffaloes were found to be 307.25 + 1.39 days, 23.28 ± 0.61 kg, and 285.77 ± 7.05 min. respectively. The gestation period and placental expulsion time did not vary significantly due to sexes of calves, whereas the birth weight of male calves was more (P<0.05) than the female calves. The uterine involution was found completed at 36.09 ± 1.23, 33.54 ± 00.75 and 35.3 ± 1.07 days in groupl, II and III respectively. Variations among groups did not vary significantly, however lesser number of days required for uterine involution in PGF2∝ treated animals indicate that an earlier administration of PGFaa could have acclerated the rate of uterine involution. Ovaries contralateral to the uterine horn which had pregnancy showed earlier post-partum ovarian activity in majority of animals of all the groups. The interval for appearence of first post-patum estrus was 52.38 ± 4.02, 48.5 ± 4.39 and 49.00 ± 3.5 days in group I,II and III respectively with no significant difference among the groups. All the Surti buffaloes in the experiment had first post-partum estrus of ovulatory nature except for one in each of the PGF2∝ treated animals. The interval from calving to post-partum fertile estrus was 91.91 ± 8.79, 87.1 ± 4.6 and 97.12 ± 2.27 days for group I, II and III respectively and it did not vary significantly among various groups. The overall number of services per conception was 2.08 ± 0.31, 1.3 ± 0.21 and 2.25 + 0.62 for group 1,11 and III respectively which did not vary significantly among groups. However, the first service conception rate was 23.07%, 66.66% and 36.40% for group I, Hand III respectively. The body weight of animals immediately after parturition was only 29.54 kg (7.13%), 27.46 kg (7.02%) and 34.32 kg (8.50%) for group I, II and III animals, respectively. This body weight change was negatively correlated (r = -0.6484 to -0.8024) (P<0.01) with the milk yield during the post-partum period among all Surti buffaloes. This loss in body weight was less than 5% during the first 60 days post-partum in all groups of buffaloes suggesting that the nutritional levels of the animals were optimum and therefore neither the first post-partum estrus nor the first post-partum fertile estrus was significantly affected. Therefore it can be concluded that the animals with lowered post-partum fertility due to low nutritional levels could be benefited by PGF2∝ treatment, for augmenting their fertility whereas animals with optimum fertility maintained on optimum level of ration do not show any improvement in fertility when PGF2∝ is administered during earlier post-partum period.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE RESPONSE OF THE BUFFALO UTERUS TO IRRITANT AND NON-IRRITANT MEDICAMENTS ADMINISTERED INTRAUTERINE(AAU, Anand, 1994) Kamugisa, Godfrey M.; Dugwekar, Y. G.The present study on the response of the buffalo uterus to irritant and non-irritant medicaments administered intrauterine was carried out on 24 clinically normal animals in estrus. The animals were given a single intrauterine infusion of either Lugol's iodine (0.25 per cent) or povidone-iodine (0.25 per cent w/v) solution. Endometrial tissue biopsies taken from these animals revealed a severe inflammatory response 24 hours following infusion with Lugol's iodine solution. The response was characterised by severe necrosis and desquamation of the endometrial lining. The stroma exhibited areas of necrosis and oedema, congestion of blood vessels, mild to severe haemorrhages and severe diffuse neutrophilic infiltration. There were areas of vacuolation in the glandular epithelium. Povidone-iodine elicited little or no inflammatory response. The endometrial lining remained either intact or showed mild desquamation and necrosis. There was a fairly rapid recovery of the endometrium after intrauterine therapy in both the treatment groups. By five days after treatment, most endometrial linings were found intact. Complete recovery had occurred by day 10 of treatment. These results clearly demonstrated that intrauterine application of Lugol's iodine causes a more effective desquamation of the endometrium than povidone-iodine. Lugol's iodine might, therefore, be superior to povidone-iodine if the removal of the damaged endometrial layer and its subsequent replacement with a fresh healthy endometrium is the mechanism of recovery from endometritis.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON FREEZABILITY OF BUFFALO BULL SPERMATOZOA(AAU, Anand, 1993) Shingala, B. P.; Dugwekar, Y. G.The present investigation on 'Effect of additives on freezability of buffalo bull speraatozoa' was undertaken over a period of 15 weeks during the months of June to September, 1992. The investigation included i evaluation of seainal diluent additives. Three concentrations of each (chloroquine phosphate, 0.032 mg/ml; 0.0054 ng/ml and 0.0032 mg/ml; Trifluproma ine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/ml; 0.05 mg/ml and 0.02 mg/ml and EDTA 1.5 mg/ml; 1.0 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml) were tested to see their effect on motility, viability and abnormalities of buffalo bull spermatozoa. The data recorded of chlotoquine phosphate at 0.0064 mg/ml, Triflupromazine hydrochloride at 0.05 mg/ml and EDTA at 1 mg/ml concentration gave best results. These concentrations were then used in the rest of the studies to see their effect on buffalo bull spermatozoa extended in suitable diluents and stored at refrigeration temperature for 24 and 48 h, and 24 h, 48 h and 1 week after freezing.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTS OF CERTAIN SEMEN DILUENT ADDITIVES ON THE PRESERVABILITY OF BUFFALO BULL SEMEN AT REFRIGERATION AND SUBZERO TEMPERATURES(AAU, Anand, 1992) Virani, A. C.; Derashri, H. J.The present investigation on effects of certain semen diluent additives on the preservability of buffalo bull semen at refrigeration and subzero temperatures was undertaken over a period of 10 weeks during the months of November 1991 to February 1992. The investigation included ; evaluation of seminal characteristics and evaluation of effects of certain sanen diluent additives viz., cysteine hydrochloride (@100 mg%), ascorbic acid (@ 20 mg%), chlorpromazine hydrochloride (@ 25 mg%), and hyaluronidase (@ 10,000 IU/dl) on buffalo spermatozoa extended in Tris Fructose Egg yolk Glycerol diluent and stored at refrigeration temperature for 24 and 48 h and at prefreeze and 0, 24 and 48 h postfreeze intervals. Based on 60 ejaculates (10 ejaculates from each of the six bulls) , the mean values for various seminal characteristics were : ejaculate volume 3.45 ± 0.21 ml, colour and consistancy score 2.51 ± 0.07, mass activity 2.26 ± 0.14, sperm concentration 896 ± 33.23 millions per ml, individual motility 65.41 ± 1.08 per cent, sperm viability 75.64 ± 0.86 per cent and abnormal sperm count 6.40 ± 1.47 per cent. The 'F' test analysis for the effect of bills revealed the bull effect to be significant (P/ 0.05) for volume, colour and consistancy, mass activity, sperm concentration, individual motility and viability. The bull effect was highly significant (P/ 0.01) for abnormal sperm count. Cysteine hydrochloride proved to be a superior semen diluent additive than others, as indicated by significantly (P/ 0.05) higher motility and viability of spermatozoa stored at refrigeration temperature for 24 and 48 h as well as prefreeze and 0, 24 and 48 h postfreeze intervals. Ascorbic acid and chloipromazine hydrochloride helped i n maintaining significantly (P/ 0.05) high motility and viability of spermatozoa stored at refrigeration temperature for 48 h. Hyaluronidase did not show any beneficial effects on preservability of the semen at any of the stages.