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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS(AAU, Anand, 2004) LAKUM, PRASHANT D.; Panchal, M. T.The present study on "Management of Reproductive Problems in Holstein Friesian cows" was conducted in the Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the period from November 2002 to May 2003. The experimental animals (n=27) were selected from the herd of Holstein Friesian cows of HF Project, IDC Unit, Anand Agricultural University, Anand with 1 to 4 parity and an average age of 72.52 + 4.65 months. The cows repeating beyond 6 months postpartum and anoestrus cows beyond 6 months postpartum were thoroughly screened for their genital health through gynaeco-clinical examinations. All the cows were studied for weekly blood plasma progesterone profiles in fertile and infertile oestrous cycles in treated cows suffering from repeat breeding (Post-insemination Antibiotics - PIA; n=ll / Luteinizing Hormone - hCG; n=5) and anoestrus (Gonadotrophins Releasing Hormone - GnRH; n=6 / Prostaglandin - PGF2a; n=5) conditions and normal fertile untreated cows (n=5), along with various biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride) and macro-micro minerals in relation to fertility. The treated HF cows were also studied for the pregnancy results in terms of conception rate. Blood plasma samples were collected at weekly interval from the day of insemination and/or any treatment till next oestrus or conception or 50 days post-AI. The data, thus generated after progesterone assay and various biochemical estimations, were statistically analyzed. Cows were inseminated during oestrus and were followed for repeatation to oestrus and/or pregnancy diagnosis. The cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) samples were subjected to the cultural isolation and antibiotic sensitivity test prior to the first AI. Among the CVM samples (n=27) screened for bacterial isolates, 14 (51.85%) samples had bacterial growth comprising 12 (85.71%) and 2 (14.29%o) samples single and mixed type of bacterial isolates, respectively. Among the bacterial isolates obtained from HF cows, gram positive bacilli (37.50%) and Staphylococcus spp. (31.25%)) were found to be predominant bacterial isolates followed by gram negative bacilli (12.50%)), Streptococcus spp. (12.50%)) and E. coli (6.25%)). The bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to the tune of 93.75 and 87.50 per cent for gentamicin and chloremphenicol, respectively. The pregnancy rates were 54.55 (6/11), 60.00 (3/5), 66.67 (4/6) and 80.00 (4/5) per cent in infertile treated HF cows with post-insemination antibiotic, LH (hCG; 1500 lU, IM), GnRH (Receptal; Buserelin acetate; 0.02 mg; IM) and PGF2a (Lutalyse; Dinoprost tromethamine; 25 mg; IM), respectively, with an overall pregnancy rate of 62.96 (17/27) per cent as compared to 100.00 (5/5) per cent in untreated control cows. The overall services per conception were found to be 2.24 in treated HF cows. All the cows, treated with GnRH (n=6) and PGF2a (n=5) came in oestrus with an average durafion of onset of oestrus to be 21.00 ± 3.61 days (Range: 7-28 days) and 72.00 + 13.15 hours (Range: 48-120 hours), respectively. The mean plasma progesterone (ng/ml) level of treated conceived cows was minimum on day '0' (0.65 + 0.12) which increased significantly (P<0.05) on days 7, 14 and 21 post-insemination and subsequently it was maintained. Practically similar trend in the rise of the progesterone levels was observed in the control conceived cows. In treated non-conceived cows, significant (P<0.01) decrease in plasma progesterone level was observed on day '21' post-insemination. The trend of delayed rise in progesterone levels from day '0' to '7' and to '14' was observed in treated non-conceived cows as compared to treated conceived and control conceived cows. The mean plasma progesterone level on day '0' in normal fertile (control) cows (1.16 + 0.18 ng/ml) was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of treated conceived (0.65 + 0.12 ng/ml) and treated non-conceived cows (0.72 + 0.14 ng/ml). The mean levels of blood glucose, plasma total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, copper, cobalt, zinc, iron and manganese in normal fertile cows and treated conceived cows suffering form repeat breeding and anoestrus conditions were found to be 51.19 + 1.70 and 48.77 + 0.71 mg/dl, 7.87 ±0.18 and 6.50 ± 0.07 g/dl, 133.78 ± 2.33 and 109.24 +1.83 mg per cent, 65.01 ± 2.43 and 108.56 ± 3.32 mg/dl, 13.89 ± 0.12 and 11.23 ± 0.13 mg/dl, 7.81 ± 0.20 and 6.76 ±0.13 mg/dl, 3.00 ± 0.06 and 3.45 +0.07 mEq/1, 0.66 ± 0.03 and 0.87 ± 0.02 ppm, 0.41 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.02 ppm, 1.30 ± 0.04 and 1.62 + 0.05 ppm, 5.89 ± 0.16 and 6.77 + 0.14 ppm, and 0.16 + 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of blood glucose, plasma total protein, total cholesterol, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and cobalt were found to be higher in normal fertile cows as compared to treated (repeat breeder and anoestrus) conceived cows with the difference being highly significant between the groups except for blood glucose levels.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COWS(AAU, Anand, 2004) LAKUM, PRASHANT D.; PANCHAL, M. T.The present study on "Management of Reproductive Problems in Holstein Friesian cows" was conducted in the Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the period from November 2002 to May 2003. The experimental animals (n=27) were selected from the herd of Holstein Friesian cows of HF Project, IDC Unit, Anand Agricultural University, Anand with 1 to 4 parity and an average age of 72.52 + 4.65 months. The cows repeating beyond 6 months postpartum and anoestrus cows beyond 6 months postpartum were thoroughly screened for their genital health through gynaeco-clinical examinations. All the cows were studied for weekly blood plasma progesterone profiles in fertile and infertile oestrous cycles in treated cows suffering from repeat breeding (Post-insemination Antibiotics - PIA; n=l 1 / Luteinizing Hormone - hCG; n=5) and anoestrus (Gonadotrophins Releasing Hormone - GnRH; n=6 / Prostaglandin - PGF2a; n=5) conditions and normal fertile untreated cows (n=5), along with various biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride) and macro-micro minerals in relation to fertility. The treated HF cows were also studied for the pregnancy results in terms of conception rate. Blood plasma samples were collected at weekly interval from the day of insemination and/or any treatment till next oestrus or conception or 50 days post-AI. The data, thus generated after progesterone assay and various biochemical estimations, were statistically analyzed. Cows were inseminated during oestrus and were followed for repeatation to oestrus and/or pregnancy diagnosis. The cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) samples were subjected to the cultural isolation and antibiotic sensitivity test prior to the first AI. Among the CVM samples (n=27) screened for bacterial isolates, 14 (51.85%) samples had bacterial growth comprising 12 (85.71%) and 2 (14.29%) samples single and mixed type of bacterial isolates, respectively. Among the bacterial isolates obtained from HF cows, gram positive bacilli (37.50%) and Staphylococcus spp. (31.25%) were found to be predominant bacterial isolates followed by gram negative bacilli (12.50%), Streptococcus spp. (12.50%) and E. coli (6.25%). The bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to the tune of 93.75 and 87.50 per cent for gentamicin and chloremphenicol, respectively. The pregnancy rates were 54.55 (6/11), 60.00 (3/5), 66.67 (4/6) and 80.00 (4/5) per cent in infertile treated HF cows with post-insemination antibiotic, LH (hCG; 1500 IU, IM), GnRH (Receptal; Buserelin acetate; 0.02 mg; IM) and PGF2a (Lutalyse; Dinoprost tromethamine; 25 mg; IM), respectively, with an overall pregnancy rate of 62.96 (17/27) per cent as compared to 100.00 (5/5) per cent in untreated control cows. The overall services per conception were found to be 2.24 in treated HF cows. All the cows, treated with GnRH (n=6) and PGF2a (n=5) came in oestrus with an average duration of onset of oestrus to be 21.00 + 3.61 days (Range: 7-28 days) and 72.00 + 13.15 hours (Range: 48-120 hours), respectively. The mean plasma progesterone (ng/ml) level of treated conceived cows was minimum on day '0' (0.65 + 0.12) which increased significantly (P<0.05) on days 7, 14 and 21 post-insemination and subsequently it was maintained. Practically similar trend in the rise of the progesterone levels was observed in the control conceived cows. In treated non-conceived cows, significant (P<0.01) decrease in plasma progesterone level was observed on day '21' post-insemination. The trend of delayed rise in progesterone levels from day '0' to '7' and to '14' was observed in treated non-conceived cows as compared to treated conceived and control conceived cows. The mean plasma progesterone level on day '0' in normal fertile (control) cows (1.16 + 0.18 ng/ml) was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of treated conceived (0.65 + 0.12 ng/ml) and treated non-conceived cows (0.72 + 0.14 ng/ml). The mean levels of blood glucose, plasma total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, copper, cobalt, zinc, iron and manganese in normal fertile cows and treated conceived cows suffering form repeat breeding and anoestrus conditions were found to be 51.19 + 1.70 and 48.77 + 0.71 mg/dl, 7.87 ±0.18 and 6.50 ± 0.07 g/dl, 133.78 + 2.33 and 109.24 +1.83 mg per cent, 65.01 ± 2.43 and 108.56 ± 3.32 mg/dl, 13.89 ± 0.12 and 11.23 + 0.13 mg/dl, 7.81 + 0.20 and 6.76 + 0.13 mg/dl, 3.00 + 0.06 and 3.45 ±0.07 mEq/l, 0.66 ± 0.03 and 0.87 ± 0.02 ppm, 0.41 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.02 ppm, 1.30 ± 0.04 and 1.62 ± 0.05 ppm, 5.89 ± 0.16 and 6.77 ±0.14 ppm, and 0.16 + 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of blood glucose, plasma total protein, total cholesterol, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and cobalt were found to be higher in normal fertile cows as compared to treated (repeat breeder and anoestrus) conceived cows with the difference being highly significant between the groups except for blood glucose levels.