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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access Gross, Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Hippocampus of the Goat (Capra hircus)(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) PUSHPENDRA RAWAT; Subhash C. DubalThe present work entitled “Gross, Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Hippocampus of the Goat (Capra hircus)”was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, College of Veterinary Science & A. H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. The fresh brains of six adult goats were procured from the local abattoirs of Anand, Gujarat. The samples were preserved in the 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for two weeks. Each brain was carefully dissected to expose the hippocampus. The gross, biometrical as well as micrometrical parameters of the brain and hippocampus were measured. The histological sections of hippocampus (4-6 μm) were stained by various staining methods.ThesisItem Open Access SONOANATOMICAL STUDIES ON VARIOUS ORGANS OF UROGENITAL SYSTEM OF THE DOG (Canis familiaris)(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2018) Vishal A. Patel; Dr. D. M. BhayaniThe present study entitled “Sonoanatomical studies on various organs of urogenital system of the dog (Canis familiaris)” was conducted to establish ultrasonographic features of organs of urogenital system in dog using two dimensional B-mode and real-time ultrasound scanner (e saote My Lab 40 VET and e saote MyLab FIVE VET) in each of twelve male and female healthy dogs (in vivo) with convex (2.5-7.5 MHz) and linear (7.5-18 MHz) transducers. The in vitro studies in each of six testis and uterus was done by direct contact and waterbath techniques which were collected from the Department of Surgery and Radiology after castration and hysterectomy for the examination.ThesisItem Open Access GROSS, BIOMETRICAL AND HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF FRIZZLED FEATHER AND NAKED NECK FOWLS (Gallus gallus domesticus)(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2016) Mal Trupti B.; Dr. K. M. PanchalThe present study entitled “Gross, Biometrical and Histomorphological Study on Various Organs of The Digestive System of Frizzled feather and Naked neck Fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus)” was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science & A. H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. For this study, Six healthy adult birds (aging at 14th weeks) Frizzled feather and Naked neck breeds were used for the gross, biometrical and histomorphological evaluations. The biometrical measurements of the different parameters of the digestive system include tongue, oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine viz., duodenum, jejunum, ileum and large intestine includes double caeca and colorectum, liver and pancreas were recorded with the help of the digital weighing balance, Vernier calipers and non-stretchable thread.ThesisItem Open Access SONOANATOMICAL STUDIES ON STOMACH OF ADULT SURTI BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Vanila Shukla; Dr. D. M. BhayaniThe present study was conducted to establish ultrasonographic features of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum using two dimensional B-mode and real-time ultrasound scanner (e saote My Lab 40 VET) in each of six cadaver compound stomach of adult healthy Surti buffaloes (in vitro) with convex (2.5-7.5 MHz, Group I) and linear (7.5-18 MHz, Group II) probes, and also on similar lines (in vivo) in each of six adult healthy Surti buffaloes.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRY OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES AND ITS COMPONENTS OF BRAIN OF SURTI BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDARY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) ALKA SUMAN; DR. SWETA P. PANDYAThe present study entitled “Morphology and Morphometry of Cerebral Hemispheres and its components of Brain of Surti Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)” was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anand Agricultural university, Anand, Gujarat. For this study, 12 specimens of brain of buffaloes were used. The morphometrical measurements of the different parameters of cerebral hemispheres including gyrification and gyrification index, commissure fibers, encephalization quotient, rhinencephalon, cerebral ventricles and few components of limbic system were recorded with the help of the scientific weighing balance, Vernier callipers, thread and scale.ThesisItem Open Access THE GROSS, HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE SURTI BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Gori Harish P.; Dr. Subhash C. DubalThe present work entitled “The Gross, Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Hippocampus of the Surti Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)” was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, College of Veterinary Science & A. H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. The fresh brains immediately after slaughter of six adult Surti buffalo were procured from the local abattoirs of Anand town, Gujarat. The samples were preserved in the 10% Neutral buffer formalin solution immediately and they were kept in the solution for two weeks. Each brain was carefully dissected to expose the hippocampus. The biometrical as well as micrometrical parameters of the brain and hippocampus were measured. The histological sections of hippocampus (4-6 μm) were stained by various staining methods.ThesisItem Open Access Gross, Biometrical and Histological Studies on the Ruminant stomach of the Surti Goat (Capra hircus)(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Tanvi M. Soni; Dr. K. M. PanchalThe present work entitled “Gross, Biometrical and Histological Studies on the Ruminant Stomach of the Surti Goat (Capra hircus)” was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, AAU, Anand. For the present study, healthy fresh ruminant stomach of six adult Surti goats were procured from the local abattoirs of Anand. The observations and the results of various measurements on compartments of ruminant stomach include rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum of the Surti goat were studied and recorded. The gross as well as microscopic findings of compartments of ruminant stomach were also studied and recorded.ThesisItem Open Access Gross Anatomical and Aerodynamical Characteristics of Skeleton of Pectoral Limb of Small Indian Kite (Milvus migrans govinda)(AAU, Anand, 2015) SHARMA, AARTI; Dubal, Subhash C.The present study entitled "Gross Anatomical and Aerodynamical Characteristics of Skeleton of Pectoral Limb of Small Indian Kite (Milvus migrans govinda)" was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology in collaboration with Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H. and Department of Agricultural Meteorology, B. A. College of Agricultural, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. For this study six cadaver kites were used for radiographic and gross biometrical measurements and aerodynamical evaluations. The study was made irrespective of the sex of birds. The pectoral girdle of the Small hidian kite had three pairs of bones, namely the scapula, the coracoid and the clavicle. All three bones came together dorsally and formed the foramen triosseum. The mean value of the area of the foramen triosseum was 0.36 ± 0.02 cm2. The scapula was a short, latero-medially flattened pneumatic bone, which resembled like a sword with sharp borders (the shape index was 12.50 ± 0.005%). The scapula had two surfaces, two borders and two extremities. The mean value of the weight, the length, the maximum width and the width at cranial extremity were 0.461 ± 0.014 g, 5.67 ± 0.087 cm, 0.70 ± 0.0234 cm and 1.29 ± 0.009 cm, respectively. The coracoid was the strongest and the shortest bone of the pectoral girdle and it had two expanded extremities and a shaft. The mean value of the weight, the length, the circumference at mid-shaft, the width of the proximal extremity and the distal extremity were 0.891 ± 0.0282 g, 4.34 ± 0.0327 cm, 2.40 ± 0.054 cm, 1.26 ± 0.0209 cm and 2.24 ± 0.02 cm, respectively. The clavicle was a flat and the most craniad bone of the pectoral girdle. It had a shaft and two extremities. Both clavicles were fused at distal extremity and formed a broad and short 'U' shaped furculum without hypocleideum. The mean value of the weight of the furculum, the curvature length of the clavicle, the width at the distal extremity and the width at the proximal extremity were 0.735 ± 0.041 g, 6.83 ± 0.16 cm, 0.39 ± 0.01 cm and 0.98 ± 0.02 cm, respectively. The humerus was the largest wing bone. It presented two extremities and a shaft. The proximal extremity had a convex head, two well-developed tubercles, a bicipital crest and a well develop deltopectoral crest. The distal extremity of the humerus had a humeral trochlea, which consisted of a hemispherical ulnar condyle medially and a cylindrical radial condyle laterally. Furthermore, the caudal surface of the distal extremity had a shallow olecranon fossa and two tricipital grooves. The mean value of the weight, the length, the mid-shaft circumference, the length of the bicipital crest and the length of the deltopectoral crest were 4.24 ± 0.14 g, 11.65 ± 0.12 cm, 3.01±0.058 cm, 0.81 ± 0.02 cm and 3.60 ± 0.049 cm, respectively. The ulna was larger and relatively longer than the radius. Both the bones were parallel to each other and separated by the wide interosseus space. It had two extremities and a shaft. The proximal extremity of the radius had a shallow articular concavity and a well-developed bicipital tubercle. The distal extremity had a condyle and a styloid process. The shaft was triangular and slightly curved. The ulna was the longest bone of the wing. The proximal extremity of the ulna was larger than the distal extremity. It had an articular socket and an olecranon process. The distal extremity of the ulna had two condyles. The shaft of the ulna had a nutrient foramen at its upper one third part of the bone and the outer surface of the shaft of the ulna had a series of small bony projections, which represented points of attachment for secondary feathers. The mean value of the weight of the radius and the ulna was 1.45 ± 0.085 g and 4.59 ± 0.33 g, respectively. The mean value of the length of the radius and the ulna was 12.95 ± 0.0 2 cm and 13.56 ± 0.14 cm, respectively. The mean value of the mid-shaft circumference of the radius and the ulna was 1.70 ± 0.04 cm and 2.47 ± 0.04 cm, respectively. There were three carpal bones, which were radial, ulnar and additional carpal bones. The carpometacarpus was fused mass with the distal row of the carpal bones and three metacarpal bones, namely first, second and third. The second carpometacarpal was the largest semi-cylindrical and had a distinct groove. The second and third carpometacarpals were fused at proximal as well as at distal extremity and enclosed a large interosseus space between them. The mean value of the weight of the carpometacarpals was 1.86 ± 0.10 g and length of the second carpometacarpus was 6.71 ± 0.09. There were three digits were found in the Small Indian kite. The aerodynamics characters (viz. body weight, body length, wing span, wing area, wing load and aspect ratio were measured) The mean value of the body weight, the body length, the wing span, the wing area and the wing load of the Small Indian kite were 682.67 ± 12.98 g, 54.50 ± 0.43 cm, 136.67 ± 2.74 cm, 2532.90 ± 104.82 cm2 and 0.269 ± 0.01 gcm-2, respectively. The aspect ratio is a simple measure of the shape of the wing. The mean value of the aspect ratio of the Small Indian kite wing was 6.82 ± 0.29. Lift of the wing at zero angle, at low (8.9 km / hour), mid (9.1 km / hour) and high (9.6 km / hour) air velocities and were 5.142 ± 0.39 g, 7.57 ± 0.35 g and 11 ± 0.377 g, respectively. The number of the primary feathers, the secondary feathers and the allula were 10, 12 to 15 and 2 to 3, respectively. The radiographs of the fully stretched wings showed the angle between the different bones and also showed the sesamoid bones, near the shoulder joint (humeroscapular bone), the elbow joint and the carpal joint (additional carpal bone). All anatomical and aerodynamical parameter concluded that the Small Indian kite was gliding and soaring bird.ThesisItem Open Access GROSS, BIOMETRICAL AND HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF FRIZZLED FEATHER AND NAKED NECK FOWLS (Gallus gallus domesticus)(AAU, Anand, 2016) MAL, TRUPTIBEN BHARATBHAI; Panchal, K. M.The present study entitled "Gross, Biometrical and Histomorphological Study on Various Organs of The Digestive System of Frizzled feather and Naked neck Fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus)" was carried out at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science & A. H., Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. For this study, Six healthy adult birds (aging at 14th weeks) Frizzled feather and Naked neck breeds were used for the gross, biometrical and histomorphological evaluations. The biometrical measurements of the different parameters of the digestive system include tongue, oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine viz., duodenum, jejunum, ileum and large intestine includes double caeca and colorectum, liver and pancreas were recorded with the help of the digital weighing balance. Vernier calipers and nonstretchable thread. The 6th paraffin sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin Stain for routine examination of histomorphology of the above mentioned organs of both the breeds. The tongue of the Frizzled feather and Naked neck fowl, was brownish in color, triangular in shape with a pointed apex, a wide base and short body. The body of tongue was attached ventrally with the floor of lower beak and its mucosa was comparatively thinner and smooth. Dorsal surface of was marked by a fade median groove and at the level of root, there was a single row of caudally directed papillae. The entoglossal process of hyoid bone supported the root of tongue of Frizzled feather and Naked neck fowls. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the length of the tongue of Frizzled feather (2.40±0.68 cm) and Naked neck (2.15± 0.09 cm). The mucosal epithelium of tongue was composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium which was thick on the dorsum linguae in both the breeds under study. The esophagus in both the breeds was long, narrow and straight collapsible tube extended from the pharynx to proventriculus. It was composed of two parts; cervical part and thoracic part separated by its own diverticulum called crop. Cervical part was comparatively longer than thoracic part in both the breeds. The mean ± SE value of total length of esophagus of Frizzled feather and Naked neck was 17.28 ± 0.73 cm and 14.95 ± 0.56 cm. The external diameter was 2.10 ± 0.15 cm and 1.91±0.18 cm (cervical part), 1.91±0.13 cm and 1.75 ± O.llcm (thoracic part), respectively. The esophageal wall consists of usual layers of tubular digestive organs, i.e. mucosa, submucosa, musculosa and adventitia or serosa within outward. The mucosa was formed of stratified squamous epithelium with about 7-8 longitudinal folds of various shapes. The submucus glands or esophageal glands were observed in both, the cervical and the thoracic parts of esophagus. The crop was situated at right ventrolateral aspect to the thoracic inlet in both the breeds. The mucous glands were not found in crop. The proventriculus was small, elongated, spindle shaped and thick walled tube, which was connected anteriorly with esophagus and posteriorly with gizzard. There was a constricted area between the proventriculus and gizzard called isthmus. The mean ± SE value of length of proventriculus of Frizzled feather and Naked neck fowl was 4.15±0.14 cm and 3.83±0.10 cm, respectively. The mucosa of proventriculus showed tall gastric ridges lined by simple columnar epitheUum. Lamina propria was having the superficial mucosal glands. Submucosa was full of large submucosal glands/ proventricular glands. The gizzard was much larger and more muscular than the proventriculus and connected with the proventriculus. It was biconvex and laterally flat in shape, dark reddish to brown in colour. The mean ± SE value of length of gizzard in Frizzled feather and Naked neck were 6.00± 0.46 cm and 5.85± 0.27 cm, respectively. The mean width of gizzard of Frizzled feather and Naked neck were 4.25±0.22 cm and 3.11±0.45 cm, respectively. The mean ± SE value of periphery measured at the greater curvature of gizzard in Frizzled feather and Naked neck were 7.43±0.19 cm and 6.25±0.38 cm, respectively. The gizzard was characterized by a keratinized layer of mucosa called cutical. Below this layer, the mucosal glands were present. Muscularies mucosae was not present. The smooth muscle bundles were separated by connective tissue septae giving mosaic appearance to the muscular layer. The small intestine was distinguished into three main parts duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The duodenum begins at the end of gizzard and forms an elongated loop had proximal descending and distal ascending parts. There was no clear demarcation between the jejunum and ileum. The jejunum was pale brownish to reddish in color and was longest part of small intestine. It was a coiled structure and the coils were suspended by the fold of mesentery. Meckel's diverticulum appeared as a small projection on the free border of the terminal point of jejunum. The ileum was comparatively smaller and straight than other part of intestine in both the breeds. The mean ± SE value of length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in Frizzled feather was 24.0±0.99 cm, 98.2±4.06 cm, 18.7±0.77 cm, respectively. The mean ± SE value of length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in Naked neck was 21.5±0.59 cm, 87.33±5.10 cm and 20.0±0.96 cm, respectively. The mucosal villi in the duodenum were more in height as compared to that of jejunum and ileum. The intestinal glands or crypts of Lieberkuhn were present throughout the mucosa of intestine. The goblet cells were numerous in ileum than in duodenum. The duodenal glands could not be found in both the breeds. The right and left caeca, blind tubes originated at the ileocolic junction, were greyish black in color. The mean ± SE value of length of caecum of Frizzled feather and Naked neck fowl was 17.0±1.15 cm and 16.6±0.69 cm, respectively. The colo-rectum was the terminal part of the large intestine, extended between the ileo-cecal junction and terminated into the cloacal chamber, coprodeum. The mean ± SE value of length and external diameter of colo-rectum in Frizzled feather and Naked neck fowl was 9.7±0.73 cm (L), 8.0±0.52 cm (L) and 2.3±0.22 cm (D), 2.2±0.12 cm (D), respectively. The liver of both the breeds was very soft, dark red to brown in colour consist of right and left lobes. The right lobe was found to be larger and slightly heavier than the left lobe. The gall bladder was situated on the visceral surface of the right lobe. The mean ± SE value of weight of right lobe of liver in Frizzled feather and Naked neck was 18.1±0.29 gm and 19.7±0.52 gm, respectively. The mean ± SE value of weight of left lobe of liver in Frizzled feather and Naked neck was 14.06±0.29 gm and 14.4±0.52 gm, indicated that in both the breeds the right lobe was comparatively heavier than the left lobe. The pancreas was an elongated, pale yellow or brown coloured lobular structure that was found between the descending and ascending duodenal loops. The mean ± SE value of weight of Pancreas of Frizzled feather and Naked neck was 4.4±0.45 gm and 3.6±0.24 gm, respectively. The two bile ducts one from each lobe and two pancreatic ducts opened at the termination of duodenum near the caudal part of gizzard and liver.
