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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Schlecht) Prasad and Patel CAUSING WILT OF CUMIN AND ITS IN VITRO MANAGEMENT(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2021) Patel Sonal S.; Dr. R. G. ParmarCumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an important seed spice crop. It belongs to the family Apiaceae or Umbelliferae and is native of the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions. It is an important spice used in Indian kitchens for flavouring various food preparations. This crop suffers from many fungal diseases, among them wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is an important disease in cumin. Wilt of cumin is found throughout cumin producing areas and causes the severe damage during at all stage of the crop growth with greatest yield losses up to 80 per cent in severe conditions.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF FOLIAR DISEASES OF Bt COTTON(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2021) Chavda Nikunj S.; Dr. N. M. GohelCotton, “The White Gold” or the “King of Fibres” enjoys a pre-eminent status among all cash crops in the country and is the principal raw material for the flourishing textile industry. It provides livelihood to about sixty million people and is an important agricultural commodity providing remunerative income to millions of farmers both in developed and developing countries. Among the foliar diseases of Bt cotton Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye are widely distributed and highly destructive. The Alternaria leaf spot and bacterial blight diseases are now becoming major foliar diseases in Bt cotton-growing regions of Gujarat and damaging the foliage to a greater extent.ThesisItem Open Access EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ROOT ROT [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.] OF DESI COTTON (Gossypium herbaceum L.)(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2020) Patel Sanket V.; Dr. N. M. GohelCotton is a globally important crop used for both its natural fiber and seed. Cotton, “The White Gold” or the “King of Fibers” enjoys a pre-eminent status among all cash crops in the country. In Gujarat, cotton growing areas are divided in to four well-defined zones based on agro-climatic conditions among that the desi cotton grown specifically in Wagad cotton zone, which is spread over seven lakh hectares in six districts viz., Ahmedabad, Surendranagar, Patan, Kutch, Morbi and Botad. Among the diseases of cotton, root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is widely distributed and highly destructive right from the seedling stage or after wood formation stage of crop causing up to 90 per cent or more disease incidence infield resulting in heavy yield losses. To overcome such issues, biological control is one of the best, low-cost and ecologically sustainable methods for managing plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON WILT COMPLEX OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) AND ITS MANAGEMENT(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2020) Parmar Harshil V.; Dr. N. M. GohelPulses constitute an important dietary ingredient of the oriental food due to their high protein content. The importance of pulses is much more in a country like India, where the majority of the people are vegetarian. Chickpea is a major source of protein for millions of people. To meet the ever-increasing demand for this legume crop, it is essential to manage the various stresses impacting the crop yield. The crop is affected by a number of diseases of which, chickpea wilt complex is considered the most important, devastating and challenging one, being responsible for seed rot, seedling blight, root rot and mature plant wilt. The disease usually caused by two or more pathogens is referred to as multipathogenic disease or disease complex. Management of wilt complex of chickpea is difficult to achieve as the pathogens are soil-borne, surviving through resistant structure i.e. chlamydospores and sclerotia in the soil for years even in the absence of host and the crop remains susceptible throughout all the growth stages. To overcome such issues, biological control is one of the best, low-cost and ecologically sustainable methods for managing plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATIONS ON BIOEFFICACY OF Trichoderma asperellum AND Pseudomonas fluorescens IN SUPPRESSION OF BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES IN CHICKPEA [Cicer arietinum L.] AND MUNGBEAN [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, ANAND, 2019) Jaisani Pratik; Dr. N. M. GohelChickpea and mungbean accomplish protein-rich human diet for the eradication of malnutrition worldwide. However, the yield of chickpea and mungbean are greatly reduced due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stress, major fungal diseases which infect the chickpea and mungbean in common are dry root rot [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.] and wet root rot [Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn] causing considerable quantitative and qualitative losses. Among the different stresses, soil salinity and drought are major abiotic stresses leading to adverse effects on the phenology and physiology of the crop plants and ultimately yield losses. The usage of fungicides against plant pathogens produces a negative impact on the nodulation of legumes and adverse effects on survival of microflora within the soil as well as enhance resistance problems in pathogens. The use of antagonistic fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria has been realized due to their potentiality of competition, antibiosis and plant growth promotion. Therefore, the biocontrol efficacy of fungicide tolerant antagonists i.e. Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens on suppression of biotic and abiotic stresses were studied.ThesisItem Open Access Serological detection, Molecular characterization and Management of Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) in chilli (Capsicum spp.)(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2015) Arade Prashant C; Dr. R. N. PandeyChilli (Capsicum spp.), belongs to the family: Solanaceae, is a herbaceous or semi-woody annuals or perennial plants. Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) causes huge yield loss in chilli crop worldwide. It belongs to family Potyviridae which contains viruses with ssRNA encapsidated in flexuous filamentous particles.ThesisItem Open Access FUSARIAL WILT (FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SR CICERI) OF CHICKPEA/GRAM (CICER ARIETINUM L. ) AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN MIDDLE GUJARAT(AAU, Anand, 1998) Patel, Subhashchandra Jethalal; PATEL, B. K.Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the oldest and a particular pulse crop having special significance in the dietary of the predominantly vegetarian population of India. India is the leading chickpea growing country of the world and sharing 65 per cent acreage and 75 per cent total grain yield of the world. Among all the fungal diseases, wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is the main constraint in Gujarat State. Wilt incidence in the field is wide spread in its occurrence and causes great losses to the crop. About 10 per cent loss in grain yield is due to wilt disease and considered to be a common feature in chickpea growing states of India (Grawal et al. , 1974). This disease generally appears by the end of December. Drooping of the leaves followed by severe wilting and necrosis of the tissues at collar region and at main roots are the chief symptoms. Fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri causing gram wilt produced infective propagules microconidia (2.5-3.5 x 5-11 um), macroconidia (3.5-4.5 x 25-65 um) and chlamydospore. This fungus grew only under aerobic conditions with the profuse growth and sporulations. Significantly, the highest dry mycelial weight (417.25--mg) was recorded on Richards' solution with adjusted pH 6.0 on 15th day of incubation at 26 ± 2°C temperature. On replacement of various C and N sources from the basal medium, mannitol and potassium nitrate again proved as the best C and N source, respectively - in the Richards' solution. DL-Alanine individually gave significantly the highest dry mycelial weight (465.50 mg) . Biotin (1 ppm) as vitamin, supported the maximum (453.25 mg) dry mycelial weight and sporulation followed by riboflavin and folic acid. Several plant debris-particularly the steam sterilized leaves and flowers were used to ascertain the preference for growth, sporulation and chlamydospore production. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri grew well on the leaves of cotton followed by tur(arhar), mungbean and bougainvillea. Similarly, maximum mycelial growth of the fungus was noticed on the flowers of chrysanthemum followed by C. carinatum , gallardia, canna (yellow, orange and pink colour) and mustard flowers.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and molecular variability in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini Nanda and Prasad inciting wilt of castor and its management(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2016) Yogeshkumar M. Rojasara; Dr. R. K. PatilCastor (Ricinuscommunis L.) is industrially important non-edible oilseed crop. The total world production of castor seed was 13.26 lac tonnes during the year 2013-14 from an area of 12.88 lac ha with the productivity of 1030 kg/ha. In India, during the year 2013-14 castor occupied 10.00 lac ha area with an annual production of 16.89 lac tonnes with 1689 kg/ha productivity. Interestingly, the yield levels have increased from 1653 kg/ha in 2012-13 to 1689 kg/ha in 2013- 14, which is highly encouraging. Gujarat is leading castor growing state, where the crop is grown on 6.27 lac/ha with 12.92 lac tonnes production with 2061 kg/ha productivity (2013-14).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on variability of mungbean yellow mosaic virus isolates of mungbean and ecofriendly management of disease(AAU, Anand, 2005) PRIYA JOHN; Dr. Ashok MishraAmidst the din of biodiversity within begomoviruses, a quantum leap in the occurrence of yellow mosaic disease (YMD) in pulses was realized. Gujarat is not an exception to this plague, especially Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) crippling Vigna radiata, have attracted considerable attention. Vigna belongs to the family: Leguminosae; subfamily: Papilionoidae; tribe: Phaseoleae; subtribe: Phaseolinae. Mungbean repletes excellent nutritional qualities. Inquisitive about the natural variability of MYMV, the study was divided into two parts, the first part included the collection and characterization of natural variants of MYMV from Anand followed by the second part which comprised DNA hybridization based investigations of the biodiversity among MYMV isolates from different areas of Gujarat. Concomitant repertoire of specific variants showing symptoms of yellow mosaic, was carried out from diverse areas of Gujarat including Anand, Navsari, Ahmedabad, Sardarkrushinagar, Himmatnagar and Rajkot. Nomenclature of Anand isolates understudy was done according to their original host and place of collection. So the mungbean isolates from Anand were named as mb-AND1, mb-AND2, mb-AND3 and mb-AND4. In a case-by-case basis evaluation of Anand isolates, mb-AND1 was commendably selected for major studies. Isolate mb-AND1 has the potential to infect mungbean cultivars (K 851, GM-2-12-24 and GM-02-01), French bean, mothbean, dolichos, soybean and cowpea but not blackgram and pigeonpea by whitefly-mediated transmission, which makes it distantly distinct from other, reported MYMV from India. Transmission by graft and not by sap, distant it from MYMV of Thailand and West Malaysia. The induction of yellow mosaic symptoms, changes in micronutrient level and reduction in yield are complementary mode effects of MYMV including mb-AND1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out by using Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) primers. Amplification was seen only with DNA extracted from mungbean, soybean and cowpea and the amplicon product of 1.8 kb was obtained in the case of mungbean (mb-AND3), soybean (mb-AND1) and cowpea (mb-AND1 and mb-AND2) samples, that represents left half of DNA A with AC abut and Rep C2 primers. A 750 bp amplicon representing right half of DNA A was obtained with CPV1 and AC abut primers in mungbean (mb-AND4) samples. PCR amplification with abutting primers could not be achieved at all. Consequently, the viral replicative forms, identified to represent double stranded super coiled form by analogy with the profile of other begomoviruses, were obtained in mb-AND1 (mungbean), mb-AND1 (cowpea) and mb-AND1 (mothbean) by cesium chloride (CsCl2) density gradient centrifugation and confirmed by Southern hybridization. Radiolabelled probes prepared from PCR amplified DNA A fragment coding for coat protein (CP) of MYMIV were used. mb-AND1 (cowpea) responded appreciably as the concentration of viral replicative forms were predominantly high. Cowpea (mb-AND1) fractions were pooled together and was taken for cloning in pUC 18 DNA at Kpn I and Bam HI loci followed by digestion with Bgl I. Southern hybridization using probe of CP and movement protein (MP) gene of MYMIV, restriction analysis and PCR amplification revealed clones pCGK 25 and pCGB 31 representing DNA A and DNA B. Sequencing of these clones was carried out in an automated DNA sequencer (Microsynth GmbH, Sequencing Group, Schutzenstrasse 15 PostFach, CH-9436 Balgach, Switzerland; sequencing@microsynth.ch & ABI Prism, Perkin Elmer and University of Delhi, South campus, New Delhi) and it was designated in the light of guidelines comprehended by the study group on Geminiviridae, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus-cowpea (Gujarat) {MYMIV-Cp (Guj)} which harnesses more than 89 % identity with MYMIV. These sequences are available in nucleotide sequence data libraries-DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDJB), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and GenBank databases, USA, under accession numbers AY937195 (DNA A) and AY937196 (DNA B) respectively. The genome structure of MYMIV-Cp (Guj) embodies two virion sense genes, AV2 and AV1 in DNA A and one BV1 in DNA B and complementary sense genes are AC1, AC2, AC3 and AC4 in DNA A and BC1 in DNA B. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis evidenced the alignment of MYMIV-Cp (Guj) within the MYMIV cluster. Koch’s postulates of the cloned DNA components of mb-AND1 (cowpea) were proved by sprouted seed method of agroinoculation on mungean cv. K 851. The explored host range was confined to mungbean (GM-2-12-24 and Delhi local), French bean and blackgram, but no symptom induction was seen in mungbean (GM-9907, GM-9908, GM-9922 and GM-02-01), cowpea and Nicotiana benthamiana. DNA A alone of MYMIV-Cp (Guj) did not impassion any symptom on all the tested plant species. Pseudorecombination of the MYMIV-Cp (Guj) DNA A and MYMIViii Cp (Del) DNA B elucidated the importance of DNA B in symptom development by agroinoculation as the resistance of above-mentioned mungbean cultivars was overcome by the artificial recombination. Lack of variability was found between the full length [mb-AND1=MYMIV-Cp (Guj)] and the viral fragments cloned and sequenced from the Anand isolates of MYMV (mb-AND2, mb-AND3 and mb-AND4), which indicated that isolates from Anand may be considered as a single population of MYMIV-Cp (Guj). The accession numbers for cowpea (mb-AND2) 1.8 kb (L), mungbean (mb-AND3) 1.8 (L) and mungbean (mb-AND4) 750 (R) are AY937197, AY937198 and AY937199 respectively. However, differentiation of natural variants of MYMV isolates of mungbean in Gujarat could be detected by employing MYMIV-Cp (Guj) as probe in DNA-DNA hybridization and they could be classified into three groups (i) Strong hybridization to DNA A and B {mungbean (Anand), soybean (Navsari and Rajkot)}; (ii) Weak hybridization to DNA A and B {mungbean (Himmatnagar, Navsari and Ahmedabad), cowpea (Ahmedabad)}; (iii) Weak hybridization to DNA A alone {mungbean (Sardarkrushinagar), dolichos (Anand)}. It clearly revealed that the MYMV isolate of mungbean from Sardarkrushinagar is having genomic variation in DNA B component as compared to MYMIV-Cp (Guj). Satellite DNA β (1.3 kb) was found to be associated with begomovirus infected leguminous and non-leguminous hosts (dot blot positive with DNA A probe of Indian cassava mosaic virus) in Anand, whose role is yet to be understood. The botanicals possessing antiviral principles, Clerodendrum inerme and Boerhaavia diffusa inhibited yellow mosaic disease induced by isolate mb-AND1 upto 93.33 % (co-inoculation) and 86.67 % (pre-inoculation) respectively, implicating the role of botanicals as an effective and efficient ecofriendly measure to manage this vexed problem. Maximum disease inhibition (60.00 %) was shown in aureofungin (50 ppm) treated plants in the co-inoculation strategy.
