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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2005 × Start date: 2005 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON EVALUATION OF AGROCHEMICALS AND PHYTOEXTRACTS AGAINST Cercospora nicotianae, THE CAUSE OF FROG-EYE SPOT DISEASE OF BIDI TOBACCO
    (AAU, Anand, 2005) CHAUDHARI, SAHDEVBHAI L.; PATEL, B. N.
    Investigations on various media for establishing their suitability for favourable growth and efficacy of agrochemicals and bio-pesticides including phytoextracts for their inhibitory action against Cercospora nicotianae, the cause of frog eye spot disease of bidi tobacco under in vitro conditions were carried out at Bidi Tobacco Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during 2003-04. In subsequent study, effective fungicides, insecticides, readymade bio-pesticides and acqueous leaf extracts of plant species were tested against the disease under nursery conditions. Reaction of bidi tobacco varieties/genotypes against the disease under nursery conditions was also studied Out of 7 media evaluated, carrot leaf decoction agar, fennel leaf decoction agar, coriander leaf decoction agar and sava leaf decoction agar were found to be highly favourable for good growth of C nicotianae (52.40 to 60.80 mm colony diameter). Among these, fermel leaf decoction agar, coriander leaf decoction agar and sava leaf decoction agar were established for the first time as suitable media for the growth of the fungus (52.40 to 54.80 mm colony diameter) imder laboratory condition. Carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, benomyl, mancozeb and Cosco (Carboxin 37.5 % + Thirum 37.5 %) 75 WP were most effective and completely suppressed the growth of the fungus on carrot leaf decoction agar under in vitro condition. Out of 16 insecticides, carbaryl and dichlorovos were effective and inhibitated the growth to the extent of 85.9 and 82.6 %, respectively. Among 29 plant species evaluated, acqueous leaf extract of Tecoma stans @ 25 % was most effective (76.0 % inhibition); this was followed by E. citriodora (49.0 % inhibition). Six readymade bio-pesticides viz., Econeem, Biosoft, Halt, Vanguard, Monitor-WP and Biolep were found highly effective in inhibiting the growth of C. nicotianae in vitro; the per cent inhibition ranged between 75.3 and 92.4. Results of evaluation of effective fungicides, viz., carbendazim @ 0.025 %, thiophanate methyl @ 0.07 %, mancozeb @ 0.2 %, Cosco @ 0.3 % and benomyl @ 0.025 %, leaf extracts of plant species viz., Tecoma stans and Eucalyptus citriodora, both at 25 %, insecticides carbaryl @ 0.2 % and dichlorovos @ 0.05 % and readymade biopesticides viz., Econeem @ 0.075 % and Biosofl @ 0.4 % under nursery conditions revealed that among fimgicides, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl were most effective in the management of the disease giving better yield of transplants; these fungicides gave 100 and 96.6 % control, respectively. Between two plant species, acqueous leaf extract of T. stans gave 85.0 % control of the disease and significantly more number of transplants than control. Taking into account two most important attributes in the nursery viz., per cent disease intensity and transplants, two insecticides and two readymade bio-pesticides tested were not considered as effective against the disease. Among 10 different varieties/genotypes screened none was found free from the disease under nursery conditions. The variety GTH1, however, had minimum per cent disease intensity (45.60) and the variety Anand 119 had maximum per cent disease intensity (73.67). The results of the present investigations, thus, indicated that in addition to carrot leaf decoction agar, three more media viz., fennel leaf decoction agar, coriander leaf decoction agar and sava leaf decoction agar were established as favourable for the growth of C. nicotianae under laboratory condition. Two fungicides, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl, were most effective in the management of the disease in nursery. Efficacy of acqueous leaf extract of T. starts against frog-eye spot disease in nursery was established for the first time; it was found to yield significantly more number of transplants when compared with control. Leaf extract of T. stans could be used individually as botanical pesticide in minimizing losses due to the disease in question or it could be integrated with chemical flingicide/s. If integrated, it could help in minimizing frequency of applications of chemical fungicide/s, thus reducing the cost of seedlings production. Under these circumstances, it would also minimize the danger of resistance development in C nicotianae under nursery conditions. However, detailed integrated schedule would need to be worked out before it can be advocated to the growers. Since none of the ten varieties/genotypes of bidi tobacco was resistant, it ultimately suggested that more extensive work involving very large number of genotypes is needed in order to locate resistance or tolerance to frog-eye spot disease.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    LEAF BLIGHT OF ONION CAUSED BY Alternaria alternate (Fr.) KEISSLER AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES
    (AAU, Anand, 2005) KUMARI, HEMLATA; PATEL, S. J.
    Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important cash crop used as vegetable, condiment and medicine. Onion is cultivated throughout the world under an area of 22.81 lakhs hectares with total production of 380.22 lakhs MT. Several factors have been identified which limit the onion production and productivity. Among these, leaf blight caused by Alternaria spp. is an important disease affecting both bulb and seed crop of onion found in India. The disease first appeared in the field as whitish circular to irregular specks, which were less than 1 mm in diameter. These specks developed into a whitish sunken lesion, when the conditions were congenial for the disease development. The typical symptom of this disease is dark purple/ brownish patches with yellow halo and more prevalent on lower leaves. Pathogen was isolated from infected leaves of onion showing typical symptoms of purple or dark brown spots having concentric rings on PDA and Koch's postulates were established for pathogenisity test. The pure culture of isolated pathogen was sent for identification to Indian Type Culture Collection (I.T.C.C), I.A.R.I., New Delhi-110 012 and idenfified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. The study revealed that the fungus produced mycelial growth on PDA which was septate and whitish green in colour when young, later turned light green to dark brown within 10 days and branched irregularly at acute angle. The conidiophores of the fungus were light brown, simple and septate. Conidia were light to dark brown. muriform with 1-5 transverse septa and 0-2 longitudinal septa, variable in size and shape. They were obclavate to oval in shape with rudimentary beak and measured 10.83-59.57 X 5.42-16.25 µm (av. 31.73 x 11.54 µm). Maximum growth of Alternaria alternata was seen on media Potato Dextrose Agar at pH 6.0. Among the nine fungicides tested in vitro, mancozeb (Dithane M-45, 5000 ppm), carboxin + thirum (Cosko, 1500, 3000 and 6000 ppm) and copper oxichloride (Blitox, 5000 ppm) were found significantly superior over the rest of the fungicides as judged by complete inhibition of growth of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. Propiconazole (Tilt) was showing reverse effect on the growth of test fungus. As the concentration was increasing, per cent inhibition was decreasing. Total nine fungicides used in field against leaf blight disease of onion were found significantly effective in reducing the disease incidence. Three spray of mancozeb (Dithane M-45, 0.25 %) at 20 days interval was the most effective fungicide followed by metalaxyl + mancozeb (Ridomil MZ, 0.3 %), iprobenfos (Kitazin, 0.1%) and chlorothalonil (Kavach, 0.2%) in managing the leaf blight disease of onion. With regard to yield, significantly highest bulb yield was recorded in the treatment of mancozeb (Dithane M-45, 0.25 %). Tip burning effect on onion leaves was seen by spray of carboxin + thirum (Cosko, 0.3 %). Among the nine insecticides tested in vitro, monocrotophos (Nuvacron, 500 and 1000 ppm) and cypermethrin (CipIon-25, 200 ppm) were found significantly superior over the rest of the insecticides judged by maximum per cent inhibition of growth of A. alternata. Endosulfan acted as nutritive for fungal growth. As the concentration was increasing, fungal radial growth was also increasing. Chemical analysis of healthy and diseased plant / plant parts revealed that the concentration of phenol increased in diseased leaf parts by 1024.25 µg/g than healthy ones and 1060.6125 µg/g in diseased bulb parts than healthy ones. Similarly, the concentration of protein decreased in diseased leaf parts by 0.6123 g/lOOg than healthy ones and 0.4400 g/100g in diseased bulb parts than healthy ones.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SPAWN PRODUCTION, BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLEUROTUS FLORIDA IN MIDDLE GUJARAT
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) B.H.Lalani; Dr. Subhashchandra J. Patel
    Pleurotus spp., known as oyster mushroom, are appreciated for their nutritive value, economic and fast production technology, broad adaptability under varied agroclimatic conditions and suitability of different agrowastes as substrates. Gujarat is leading industrial state of country. It has been estimated that around half of the total quantity of plant residue from agricultural and industrial processes remain unused. Today about 48 million tones of crop residue are available in Gujarat annually. Out of these waste, even if 25 per cent is utilized as substrate for growing mushrooms, a large quantity of mushrooms can be produced.