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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Nematology × Author: Patel, Bhagabhai Ambaram × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1990 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.) AND WILT FUNGUS (Fus rium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri) ON CHICKPEA
    (AAU, Anand, 1997) Patel, Bhagabhai Ambaram; Patel, D. J.
    Studies pertaining to the effects of root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp. on chickpea cv. Dahod Yellow with respect to i. pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita and M. Javanica pathotype (pt.) 1 & 2 on chickpea to determine threshold levels; ii. biochemical changes brought out by Meloidogyne spp. infection in chickpea, iii. effect of M. incognita and M. Javanica pt. 1 & 2 on nutrients uptake by chickpea, iv. histopathological and cytological changes due to infection of Meloidogyne spp. in chickpea to study host - . parasite relationship, v. interaction between M. incognita and M. Javanica pt. 1 & 2 and wilt inducing fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri on chickpea, vi. interaction between M. incognita and M. Javanica pt. 1 and 2 on chickpea, vii. effect of seed treatment with chemical coupled with soil application of granular nematicides in management of root-knot nematodes in chickpea field, viii. effect of seed treatment with chemical coupled with soil application of different organic amendments in management of root-knot nematodes in chickpea field, and ix. effect of root-knot nematodes-wilt complex on chickpea yield in field were carried out during 1995-96 and 1996-97. The salient findings are : i. In a study on pathogenicity of M. incognita and M. javanica pathotypes 1 & 2, an inoculum level of 100 M, incognita juveniles and 500 juveniles of M. Javanica pathotype 1 & 2/plant and above was detrimental to the growth and development of chickpea cv. Dahod Yellow, indicating more pathogenic effect of M, incognita. Roots, soil and total populations of the three Meloidogyne popns./plant increased progressively with an increase in inoculum levels from 10 to 10,000 J2/plant. Nematode reproduction rate decreased with an increase in inoculum levels and it was maximum in the level of 10 J2/plant and minimum in 10,000 Jz/plant for all three RKN populations, ii. Studies on biochemical changes broughtout by Meloidogyne spp. on chickpea cv. Dahod Yellow indicated increase in activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes, total phenol contents of roots and reduction in chlorophyll a, b & total chlorophyll content of leaves due to inoculation of 1,000 and 10,000 J2/plant of either M. incognita or M. Javanica pathotype 1 & 2. The increase was more in 10,000 J2/plant than that of 1,000 J2/plant. Among three RKN populations, M. incognita had maximum effect on enzymatic activities and phenol contents as well as chlorophyll a, b & total chlorophyll content followed by M. Javanica pathotype 2 and pathotype 1. iii. M. incognita and M. Javanica pathotypos 1 & 2 reduced uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in chickpea cv. Dahod Yellow significantly at 1,000 and 10,000 J2/plant. However, the reduction was more with higher inoculum level. The reduction in nutrients uptake was maximum by infection of M. incognita while it was more or less similar by both the pathotypes of M. Javanica. iv. Experiments on interaction of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp'. ciceri with M. incognita as well as with M. Javanica pathotypes 1 &. 2 individually on chickpea cv. Dahod Yellow revealed that all the organisms either individually or in combinations reduced plant height and fresh shoot and root weights significantly but the reduction was more by root-knot nematodes as compared to fungus. Among combined inoculations of nematodes and fungus, simultaneous inoculation of both the pathogens had maximum suppressive effect on growth of chickpea plants as compared to preceding or succeeding inoculations of fungus and nematodes at 2 weeks interval. Among three RKN populations, M. incognita had more suppressive effect than both pathotypes of M. Javanica. Root galling and nematode multiplication on chickpea were maximum when nematodes were inoculated alone but it was reduced in the presence of fungus. The fungus alone was able to produce wilt disease but the incubation period for disease development and severity of the disease increased when root-knot nematodes were present with fungus. Maximum wilting of plants was observed when the fungus and either of the nematodes species were inoculated simultaneously followed by fungus inoculation 2 weeks after nematode inoculation and nematode inoculation 2 weeks after fungus inoculation. Among three populations of root-knot nematodes, M, incognita was more aggressive in inciting wilt disease followed by M. Javanica pt. 2 and pt. 1. V. Study on interaction of M. incognita with pathotypes 1 & 2 of M. javanica indicated that all three populations either individually or in combinations reduced plant height and fresh shoot & root weights of chickpea but the suppressive effect was more by M. incognita. Based on the no. of mature females developed, it was found that M. incognita was most dominant followed by M, Javanica pt, 2 and pt. 1. vi. An experiment to study efficacy of chickpea seed treatment with chemical coupled with soil application of different granular nematicides in varying doses for management of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. Javanica pathotype 1 in chickpea field indicated seed treatment with carbosulfan @ 0.75% (w/w) alone to be effective in improving final plant stand, plant height, grain &. fodder yields and reducing root-knot disease. Among granular nematicides, sebufos was most effective followed by phenamiphos and carbofuran. Of the nematicidal doses tested, higher dose of 2.0 kg was moat effective followed by lower doses of 1.5 and 1.0 kg/ha. vii„ In an experiment on efficacy of seed treatment with chemical and soil application of different organic amendments for management of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. Javanica pathotype 1 in chickpea under field conditions, seed treatment with carbosulfan @ 0.75 % (w/w) alone reduced root-knot disease and improved final plant stand, increased plant height and grain &. fodder yields. All organic amendments viz. pressmud (3.0 t/ha), poultry manure (3,0 t/ha), neem cake (1.0 t/ha) and mustard cake (1.0 t/ha) proved effective but neem cake was most effective followed by mustard cake while poultry manure was found least effective. Soil application of organic amendments was more effective than seed treatment with carbosulfan. viii.An experiment on management of root-knot nematodes {M, incognita and M. Javanica pathotype 1) - wilt complex in chickpea field using seed treatment of carbosulfan @ 0.75 % (w/w) + carbendazim ® 0,1% (w/w) coupled with soil application of carbofuran @ 2.0 kg/ha + carbendazim granules ® 0.5 kg/ha revealed that there was significant reduction in wilt and root-knot disease and thereby improved seeding emergence and plant growth which ultimately .increased grain and fodder yields. Chickpea cv. Dahod Yellow (wilt susceptible) produced more grain yield than Avrodhi (wilt resistant) whereas Avrodhi had higher fodder production than Dahod Yellow. Chickpea cv. Avrodhi resistant to wilt disease became susceptible to disease in the presence of root-knot nematodes.