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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access BREED CHARACTERISTICS OF ZALAWADI GOATS AND MANAGEMENTAL PRACTICES OF PROFESSIONAL BREEDERS OF ZALAWAD(AAU, Anand, 1991) Sanghani, T. K.; PATEL, J. M.An investigation vas undertaken to study the breed characteristics of Zalawadi goats and managemental practices of professional breeders of Zalavad (Stxrendranagar district). In all, 455 goats of different age groups were utilized for study of breed characteristics, body weight and different body measurements. Managemental practices of professional breeders were evaluated by personal communication of 25 well experienced flock owners. The study was undertaken in breeding and kidding season, Zalawadi goats are large sized, with complete black coat colour. Breed has characteristic corkscrew like long twisted horns and broad, long leaf like drooping white spackled ears. Flock siae analysis showed that 72 per cent of the flock owners had flock size below 40, There were only 5 per cent breeders with flock size of 70 to 100, Most of tho flocks were maintained entirely on browsing and no supplementary feeding was practiced even In breeding or kidding season and lactation. Effect of sex and type of birth on birth weight was highly significant (P<0.01). The mean birth weight of the male and female kids was 3.04±0.06 and 2.79±0.06 kg. respect The birth weight of single kids was 2.87±0.05 kg compared to 2.56 ± 0.05 kg of twins.ThesisItem Open Access Efficiency of Growth and Related Blood Profile In Inter-Se Mated Jersey X Kankrej F2 And F3 Crossbred Calves(AAU, Anand, 1990) SHAH, SHAILESH V.; PATEL, A. M.A study was undertaken at Livestock Research Station, Veterinary College, Anand from 30th April 1988 to 15th May 1989 to ascertain and compare the growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, water ingestion, serum hoarmonal and biochemical profile of inter-se mated Jersey x Kankrej F2 and F3 crossbred calves, The body weights of JKF2 and JKF3 female calves at 26th and 58th week of age were 107.150 ± 3.13 and 99.714± 4.34 kg and 219.800 ± 6.40 and 216.794 ± 4.21 kg respectively. The daily growth rate of JKF2 and JKF3 calves was 493.625 ± 37.88 g and 497.137±26.30 g respectively. The generation difference was non-significant but the effect of age on growth rate was observed to be significant. The average daily dry matter and TDN intake per 100 kg body weight in JKF2 heifers were observed to be 3.390+ 0.054 kg and 2.050 ± 0.03 kg respectively, while that of JKF3 heifers, the respective values were 3.482 ±0.07 and 2.119 ± 0.04 kg. Though, the F3 calves consumed higher DM and TDN per unit body weight, the generation effect was found to be non-significant. However, significant effect of age, i.e. higher DM and TDN consumption by younger calves as compared to older calves, was observed.ThesisItem Open Access RATIO OF CONCENTRATE TO ROUGHAGE IN THE RATION OF GROWING MARWARI KIDS(AAU, Anand, 1990) Wadhwani, Kishan N.; Patel, A. M.Growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, digestibility, nitrogen balance, water intake, blood picture and carcass traits of weaned growing Marwari kids fed three levels of (T1: 50 per cent, T2: 35 per cent and T3: 20 per cent), concentrate (Special Amuldan) in chaffed NB21 and lucerne hay based rations were studied from 22-1-89 to 11-6-89. A vitamin and mineral supplement was fed along with concentrate. The body weight and body weight gain of Marwari kids were affected significantly (P < 0.01) by treatments (T1: 18.78+0.88 kg and 82.500+3.72 g; T2: 20.35±0.06 kg and 82.178±6.22 g and T3 : 16.275±0.45kg and 48.670±5.77 g respectively) as well as by periods. Similarly, the biometry (heart girth, height at wither and body length) also significantly affected (P<0.01) by treatments (T1 : 58.62± 0.92 cm, 61.96+0.80 cm, 57.57+1.01 cm; T2: 58.97+1.13 cm, 61.72+1.31 cm, 60.31+1.30 cm, T3: 55.65+0.65 cm, 58.35+0.708 cm, 56.80+0.694 cm respectively) and periods (P < 0.01), However, with regards to body weight, body weight gain and biometry of kids maintained on 50 and 35 per cent concentrate level were at par but differed significantly from those maintained on 20 per cent concentrate level. The body weight was positively and highly significantly correlated with heart girth, height at wither and body length to the tune of 0.97±0.025, 0.87±0.051 and 0.91±0.04 respectively.ThesisItem Open Access RATIO OF CONCENTRATE TO ROUGHAGE IN THE RATION OF GROWING MARWARI LAMBS (WEANERS)(AAU, Anand, 1990) Sejra, Anand R.; Mansuri, M. N.The present study was carried out in Marwari lambs (Weaners) to investigate the pattern of growth and economics of lamb rearing from 3 to 9 months of age, A total of 24 lambs fed on three different levels of concentrate to roughage (T. 50:50, T2 35:65 and T3 20:80) were studied. The treatments significantly (P<0.01) affected the daily dry matter intake per 100 kg body weight(T1 3.10 kg, T2 2.95 kg and T3 2.84 kg) and consequently the average daily weight gain (T1 106.61 g, T2 85.15 g and T3 78.78 g). The overall mean dry matter intake per kg metabolic body weight was 62.34 + 2.29 g. The overall mean digestibility of organic matter, dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract declined significantly with Increase in the roughage portion of the ration. The opposite trend was observed in case of crude fibre digestibility. The mean daily digestible crude protein (T1 84.72+5.58 g, T2 52.27+3.18 and T3 30.03±3.97 g) and total digestible nutrients (T1 574.13± 69.67 g, T2 423.34±3.35 g and T3 233.08+16.25 g) intake, and the mean daily balances of nitrogen (T1 13.39±0.64 g, T2 12.32±0.49 g and T3 10.54±0.34 g); calcium (T1 3.99±0.65g, T2 3.02±0.13 g and T3 2.42±0.49 g) and phosphorus T1 1.13±0.22 g, T2 1.03±0.21 g and T3 0.87±0.08 g) were Increased with decrease in roughage ratio.ThesisItem Open Access GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF GAIN DURING PUBERAL AND MATURITY PHASE IN INTER-SE MATED JERSEY x KANKREJ HEIFERS(AAU, Anand, 1990) Trivedi, Manoj M.; Patel, J. M.An investigation was undertaken to study the growth performance and efficiency of gain during puberal and maturity phase in inter-se mated Jersey x Kankrej crossbreds. An experiment was conducted for 44 weeks with 24 inter-se mated Jersey x Kankrej crossbreds. The heifers were entered in the experiment exactly at 12 months of age. They were fed individually and as per Indian Feeding Standard (Sen et al,, 1978). The weekly body weight changes and feed consumption were recorded. The body weight at 12 months of age was 149.48 + 5.20 kg which increased to 296.56 + 7.00 kg after 44 weeks. The average body weight at 12, 15, 18 and 21 months of age was 149.48+5.20, 201.31+5.23, 247.94+6.10 and 283.60+ 6.66 kg respectively. The changes in body weight during 84 to 92 weeks were quite low compared to earlier periods. The mean age and weight at conception were 586.91 + 10.28 days and 264.00 + 6.44 kg and the age and weight at first calving were 867.65 + 10.23 days and 341.06+9.02 kg respectively. The absolute gain (g/day) showed maximum gain (610.12 + 29,54 g) during 56 to 60 weeks. The relative gain (%) was highest during 52 to 56 weeks and the lowest during 88 to 92 weeks. Results on body weight changes and gain indicated that in inter-se mated Jersey x Kankrej crossbreds the gains are poor after 18 to 20 months of age. The association of body weight at 12, 15, 18 and 21 months of age with weight at conception and calving was highly significant (P<0.01), Interrelationship of different body measurements with body weight was found to be highly significant (P<0.01), The association among different body measurements was also highly significant (P<0.01), The prediction equations involving heart girth in the equations gave high R values. Equation with only heart girth also gave quite satisfactory R2 values (82.36 to 89.79 % ) . The average dry matter intake per 100 kg body weight and per kg body weight gain was 3.01 ± 0.04 kg and 17.79 ± 2.25 kg respectively. Study on efficiency revealed that the efficiency of gain (dry matter intake per kg body weight gain) was better at young age than at later ages. It was 9.98±0,32 kg between 12 to 15 months and 21.09 + 1.08 kg between 18 to 21 months. The efficiency of gain during later phase of experiment (84 to 96 weeks) was very poor (23.87 to 30.29 kg). Economic efficiency (Rs./kg gain) was Rs. 9.75+0.33, 12.81 + 0.41 and 17.30 ± 0.85 during 12 to 15, 15 to 18 and 18 to 21 months period respectively. The daily feed cost in the respective periods was Rs. 5.37, 6.40 and 6.45 with an overall feed cost of Rs. 6.10 per day. The average water intake was 9.58 + 0.17 litres per 100 kg body weight and 3.15 + 0.07 litres per kg dry matter consultation. Compared to winter months the water intake during summer months was higher by 25 to 35 per cent. The rectal temperature trends showed significant differences in morning and afternoon temperature and among different seasonal periods. However, the magnitude of rise in rectal temperature was normal even under stressful environment. The results on age and weight at conception and calving revealed that individual and standard feeding of heifers after 12 months of age is not effective in substantial reduction of age at first calving, maintaining optimum body weight. Therefore, it will be desirable to start such feeding from six months or right from the age of weaning.ThesisItem Open Access FEASIBILITY OF REARING WEANER INDIGENOUS LAMBS ON NON-CONVENTIONAL CONCENTRATE MIXTURE UNDER FEEDLOT(AAU, Anand, 1995) Patel, K. M.; Patel, K. S.Feasibility of rearing weaner Marwari and Patanwadi lambs on a completely non-conventional concentrate mixture based ration under feedlot was studied at College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand. The growth, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, digestibility and balances of nutrients, carcass traits, heamatology and feed cost were compared for the lambs reared on a conventional (T1) and a non-conventional (T2) concentrate mixture. Average body weights of the lambs were 11.09 ± 0.79 and 10.75 ± 0.65 kg at the beginning, and.21.35 ± 1.26 and 18.51 ± 0.85 kg at the end of the experiment for the lambs on T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. The effects of the dietary treatments, breeds and interaction of treatment x breed were non-significant on average biweekly body weights of the lambs during the experiment. The effects of periods, interactions of treatment x period and treatments x breed x period were found significant on the trait.ThesisItem Open Access BREED CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENTAL PRACTICES FOR KACHCHHI CAMEL(AAU, Anand, 1996) Patel, M K; Patel, K SThe present investigation was carried out to study the important breed characteristics of Kachchhi camels and traditional managemental practices followed by the camel breeders in Kachchh district of Gujarat State. In all 326 Kachchhi camels of different age groups were covered to study physical characteristics and biometry. Status of performance and traditional managemental practices for the Kachchhi camels was surveyed through personal interviews of 74 traditional breeders in three talukas of Kachchh district. The Kachchhi camels are light to medium in size when darkbrown, brown or reddish brown coat colour. These camels have small erect ears with tips turning in. They have small well set muzzles and lips.ThesisItem Open Access BREED CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENTAL PRACTICES FOR KACHCHHI CAMEL(1996) Patel, M k; Patel, K SThe present investigation was carried out to study the important breed characteristics of Kachchhi camels and traditional managemental practices followed by the camel breeders in Kachchh district of Gujarat State. In all 326 Kachchhi camels of different age groups were covered to study physical characteristics and biometry. Status of performance and traditional managemental practices for the Kachchhi camels was surveyed through personal interviews of 74 traditional breeders in three talukas of Kachchh district. The Kachchhi canels are light to neciun m 5iz? «itn darkbrown, brown or reddish brown coat colour. These camels have small erect ears with tips turning in. They have small well set muzzles and lips. On an average body length, height at withers and heart girth measured 61.17 ± 1.32, 110.42 ±. 1.35 and 76.92 + 2.81 cm in male; and 61.46 ± 1.01, 109.15 + 1.13 and 72.77 ±. 1.56 cm in female, respectively at birth. The corresponding body measurements in adult were 159.82 ± 2.10, 195.00 ±. 3.55 and 195.93 ±2.11 cm in male; and 156.15 ± 0.76, 192.16 + 0.77 and 204.75 ± 10.77 cm in female, respectively. The height at wither in adult camel was found to be a reliable measure for growth from its associa- tion with important body measurements.Majority of the traditional camel breeders were following age at first mating of 3 to 4 years in female and 4 to 5 years in male camel. About 47 per cent of the breeders used one stud camel for 50 to 70 females. Winter was the common breeding season resulting into calving in late winter in the camels. The camel breeders generally relied on the stud camel for detecting females in oestrus. However, they were having confidence in detecting conception of 10 to 15 days from a behavioural sign, 'cocking of tail'. Daily milk production of 5.52 +. 0.29 litres was recorded in the Kachchhi camels. The camel milk on an average contained 11.24 per cent total solids, 3.07 per cent fat, 2.85 per cent protein, 4.27 per cent lactose and 0.84 per cent ash. The milk from camel was used for family consumption. There was taboo on sale of camel milk. Rabaries were the major traditional camel breeders responsible for development and preservation of Kachchhi breed as their ancestoral profession. For about 51 per cent of the camel breeders. Animal Husbandry was the only source of income. Due to constant migration and remoteness of their villages, most of them remained illiterate.The herd size of Kachchhi camels varied from less than 5 to 100 animals. Herds of 50 camels were commonly encountered in the district. Average herd size was of 40.74 ± 2.83 camels with 6.17 young males, 0.59 breedable male, 12.27 young females and 21.70 adult females. Without exception they were managed on extensive system of feeding on natural feed resources. On an average 11 to 12 hours of browsing time was provided. The camel breeders were having good knowledge and skill for browsing their camels on variety of trees, shrubs, creepers and other vegetation. The breeders maintained their camels on 'zero' input basis. Generally no supplementary feeding of any kind was done. Only the stud camels were given some energetic feed during breeding season. Newborn calf was allowed to suckle colostrum freely. The growing calf was kept with herd and was having free access to suckle sufficient milk from the dam. Nose-pag was applied to the male camel at the age of 2 to 3 years. Sale of surplus male camel was the only source of income from the herd for the traditional breeders. The camel hair was used for preparing articles of daily use.