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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF DECAPITATION AND PGR's ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CLUSTER BEAN SEED (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) CV. PUSA NAVBAHAR(AAU, Anand, 2010) NARSHI, SATODIYA BAKUL; Patel, H. C.A field experiment was conducted at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the years 2008-09 and 2009-10 in summer seasons on sandy loam soil with a view to study the "Influence of decapitation and PGR's on growth, yield and quality of cluster bean seed (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) cv. Pusa Navbahar" under middle Gujarat conditions. There were twenty one treatment combinations comprising three decapitation treatments i.e. D1-Without decapitation (control), D2-Decapitation at 70 DAS and Ds-Decapitation at 85 DAS and seven different PGR's treatments along with control i.e. G1 -Water spray (Control), G2-NAA 20 mg/l, G3-NAA 40 mg/l, G4-GA3 20 mg/l, G5-GA3 40 mg/l, G6-Thiourea 500 mg/l and G7-Thiourea 1000 mg/l in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. Growth parameters viz. plant height and number of leaves per plant were found non-significant at 30 and 60 DAS. Whereas, without decapitation (control) treatment recorded significantly the highest plant height i.e. 112.07 and 115.72 cm and number of leaves per plant i.e. 50.70 and 45.15 at 90 DAS and harvest stage, respectively. The effects of decapitation on physiological parameters viz. LA, LAI, CGR, NAR and dry weight of plant were found non-significant at 30 and 60 DAS whereas, at 90 DAS all the physiological parameters and at harvest only LA and dry weight of plant recorded significantly, higher values in control treatment (Without decapitation). Decapitation of plant at 70 DAS registered significantly the highest number of pods per cluster (7.55), number of clusters per plant (18.29), number of pods per plant (138.00) and weight of 1000 seeds (37.00 g) in pooled analysis. However, dry pod length (9.59 cm) and number of seeds per pod (7.05 cm) were found maximum in treatment decapitation at 85 DAS. Decapitation of plant at 70 DAS produced significantly the highest seed yield (917.7 kg/ha) in pooled analysis as compared to without decapitation (889.13 kg/ha), which was 9.26 % higher than without decapitation. Root and shoot ratio (0.057) and harvest index (627.04) were also found significantly superior in treatment decapitation at 70 DAS. Seed quality parameters viz. seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index-I and II were recorded the highest values in treatment decapitation at 70 DAS at 6th 8th and at 10th day on pooled basis. Plant growth regulators treatments significantly influenced growth parameters viz. plant height and number of leaves per plant at various growth stages of crop except at 30 DAS. At 60, 90 DAS and harvest stage treatment GA3 40 mg/l recorded significantly maximum plant height and number of leaves per plant as compared to rest of treatments. Physiological parameters viz. LA, LAI, NAR and dry weight of plant at 60 and 90 DAS registered significantly the higher values in treatment GA3 40 mg/l in pooled analysis. At harvest, LA, LAI and dry weight had recorded significantly maximum values in treatments Thiourea 500 mg/l and GA3 40 mg/l which remained at par with each other. Yield attributing characters viz. number of pods per cluster (7.25), number of clusters per plant (18.75), number of pods per plant (136.01), dry pod length (9.86 cm) and weight of 1000 seeds (37.22 g) were significantly the highest in treatment Thiourea 500 mg/l on pooled basis. The significantly maximum seed yield was recorded by the treatment Thiourea 500 mg/l (1030.36 kg/ha) in pooled analysis, which was at par with treatment GA3 20 mg/l (992.81 kg/ha) which was 26.67 and 22.05 %, higher than control, respectively. The treatment GA3 20 mg/l recorded the highest harvest index (638.80). Seed quality parameters viz. germination percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour index-I and II were recorded the maximum values in treatments of GA3 and Thiourea at all the three stages i.e. 6th, 8th and 10thday. Interaction effects between decapitation and PGR's treatments on growth parameters viz., plant height and number of leaves per plant showed significant differences at 60, 90 DAS and harvest stage except for number of leaves per plant at harvest. Different combination of decapitation and PGR's treatments recorded significant results on physiological parameters at various growth stages viz. LA, LAI, CGR, NAR and dry weight of plant. At 60 and 90 DAS LA, LAI, NAR and dry weight of plant recorded significant results in different combinations except CGR at 60 DAS. At harvest stage, CGR, NAR and dry weight of plant were found significant due to interaction between decapitation and PGR's treatments. At all the growth stages, interaction between without decapitation and treatments of GA3 and Thiourea recorded significantly higher values of all the physiological parameters. Yield attributing parameters viz. number of seeds per pod and weight of 1000 seeds significantly affected by interaction between decapitation and PGR's treatments which, were the highest in combinations D'aGe (8.20) and D2G6 (41.40 g), respectively. Seed quality parameters like, seedling length, seedling dry weight and vigour index-I and II recorded the maximum values in combinations of decapitation at 70 DAS with treatments of GA3 and Thiourea at all the three stagesi.e. 6th 8th and10th day. The higher net return of 47,849 Rs./ha along with B.C.R. of 1: 2.60 was obtained by decapitation at 70 DAS, whereas, the lowest net realization (41,935 Rs. /ha) and B.C.R. (1:2.43) was obtained when plant decapited at 85 DAS. The treatment Thiourea 500 mg/l recorded the maximum net realization of Rs. 52,277 per hectare with 1:2.73 B.C.R., followed by treatment GA3 20 mg/l.ThesisItem Open Access LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS FOR COMBINING ABILITY, HETEROSIS AND GENE ACTION IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench(AAU, Anand, 2004) AHLAWAT, TIMUR RAMPAL; Joshi, K. I.The present investigation entitled "Line x Tester analysis for combining ability, heterosis and gene action in okra (Ahelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)" was undertaken at Main Vegetable Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2000 and 2001. The experimental material comprising of fifteen females, five males, their 75 hybrids and standard hybrid check GOH-1 was evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications in both the environments. Observations were recorded on fruit yield per plant and eight other yield components. The individual environment-wise and pooled analysis of variance revealed sufficient variation among the genotypes for all the traits studied, indicating the existence of sufficient variability in the material. The pooled analysis over environments revealed that environmental differences were non-significant for all the characters, thereby suggesting that the characters were not influenced by the changes in environment. Considerable level of heterosis was observed for fruit yield and its component traits. Maximum heterosis was observed for number of primary branches per plant followed by fruit yield per plant, plant height, fruits per plant and fruit weight. However, the magnitude of heterosis varied in different environments for the various traits studied.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES AND HYBRIDS OF AONLA (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)(AAU, Anand, 2005) JADAV, RAMSANG GAMBHIRSANG; Khimani, R. A.The experiment entitled "Evaluation of various genotypes and hybrids of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)" was conducted at the Horticultural Research cum Demonstration Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2002-03 and 2003-04. The experiment was split in two sets i.e. set-1 Evaluation of genotypes of aonla and set-II evaluation of hybrids of aonla. In the first set, eight genotypes (LS-9, LS-10, LS-lOA, LS-U, LS-13, LS-16, LS-18 and LS-20) were used along with two checks (GA-1 and NA-7) and in the set-II thirteen hybrids (C1-1, C1-2, C1-3, C1-5, C1-6, C1-7, C1-13, C1-14, C2-1, C2-2, C2-3, C2-4 and C2-5) were used with the two checks (GA-1 and NA-7) to screen for various morphological, physico-chemical and post harvest traits of aonla. The experiments were planned in a Randomized Block Design during both the years of study (2002-03 and 2003-04). Set - I Selected genotypes Results pertaining to different selected genotypes of aonla, revealed that all the growth parameters like tree height, spread and trunk diameter of different genotypes showed marked variation and genotype LS-16 had maximum height (5.88 m), while the maximum trunk diameter (0.95 m) with maximum spread was observed in LS-11. The number of determinate branches produced on 30 cm length of tagged indeterminate branch were maximum in LS-16 (39.13) and in LS-18 (37.06). The length of determinate branches was higher LS-18 (15.33) and LS-20 (13.33). However, the maximum leaflets count (217.38) and area (38.26 cm2) was recorded in GA-1. The genotypes exhibited wide variation for count of male and female flowers. The maximum count of male flowers was noticed in LS-18 (987) while that of female flowers in GA-1 (55.10). The lowest male female ratio was observed in GA-1 (13.92). The genotypes LS-9, LS-20 and check NA-7 exhibited lower count of premature fruit drop at pea stage, while at marble stage it was seen in LS-16 (0.87) and NA-7 (0.88). The vertical diameter (3.19 cm) and fruit volume (28.04 cc) was maximum in GA-1 during the present study and, it produced significantly maximum fruit yield per quarter of tree during both the years of study followed by NA-7, LS-16 and LS-18. Lower stone weight was recorded in LS-16 (3.09 g) and higher pulp was observed in LS-9 (26.95 g) and GA-1 (26.14 g). The biochemical analysis showed significantly wide variation among the genotypes for different traits. The TSS was maximum in LS-9 (13.03 %) and ascorbic acid was higher in LS-10A (723.43 mg-100g pulp) and in GA-1. However LS-16 exhibited minimum acidity (1.72 %) and tannin (1.70 %) content. The maximum fibre percentage was found in LS-20 (3.58 %), while less fibre was noticed in GA-1 (2.69 %) and NA-7 (2.80 %). During the two years of study, LS-lOA (14.50 days), LS-16 (14.25 days), and check GA-1 (13.50 days) had longer marketable shelf life after harvest and a lower physiological weight loss after twelve (12.73 %) and twenty four days (28.73 %) was noticed in GA-1. Set - II Evaluation of hybrids The F1 hybrids of aonla illustrated significant variation for different morphological, physico-chemical and post harvest quality traits. The maximum tree height (9.42 m), trunk diameter (1.52 m) and spread (7.92 m E-W and 7.61 m N-S) were found in C1-1 in the present study. The number and length of determinate branches was higher in C1-5 (36.63 and 14.44 cm) on pooled basis. The check GA-1 produced maximum number of leaflets (217.38) and leaflet area (38.26 cm2) followed by C1-5. The maximum count of male flowers was recorded in C2-5 (944.63) and of female flowers in C1-5 (38.13), however the sex ratio was lower in GA-1 (22.24) on pooled basis. The Ci-13 and C2-2 showed minimum count of dropped fruits at pea stage and in C2-2 it was minimum at marble stage. The weight of dropped fruits was least in C1-13 at pea and marble stage. The present study showed significant variation in fresh weight of aonla fruits. It was maximum in C1-5 (31.79 g) followed by C2-2, and GA-1. The check GA-1 recorded maximum count of fruits (1164.13) and fruit yield (26.41 kg) per quarter of tree followed by C1-5, C1-1 and NA-7. The fruits of hybrids showed marked variation in diameter, volume, juice content, pulp content, stone weight and dry pulp recovery. The C1-5 illustrated maximum vertical (3.31 cm) and horizontal (3.46 cm) diameter. A lower stone weight (2.54g) was recorded in C2-2, maximum fresh pulp weight (28.50 g) in C1-5 and highest juice volume (24.47 cc) as well as dry pulp recovery was noticed in GA-1. The findings showed that hybrid C1-5 recorded maximum TSS (17.51 %) and check GA-1 had maximum ascorbic acid (715.41 mg-100g pulp) and protein (1.08 %) during the study. The fruits of hybrid C2-3 had lower acidity percentage (1.85 %) and C1-13 had lower tannin content (2.32 %). The lowest fibre was recorded in C1-3 (2.55 %). Different heterogeneous variable of aonla had wide variation in marketable shelf life and was higher in C1-5 and GA-1 during the study. The lower per cent physiological weight loss of fresh aonla fruits was noticed in C1-5, GA-1 and C2-3 after twelve days and in C2-5, C1-5 and in GA-1 after twenty four days of harvest.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PLANTING DISTANCE AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CHINA ASTER (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees) Cv. "Kamini"(AAU, Anand, 2005) PATEL, KETULKUMAR KACHARABHAI; Patel, H. C.A field experiment was conducted at college Nursery of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2003-04 with the objects to study the response of different levels of planting distance and nitrogen on growth and flowering of China aster Cv. 'Kamini' with 9 treatment combinations in Factorial Randomized Block Design which was replicated thrice, considering three levels of planting distance (30 x 10 cm, 30 x 20 cm and 30 x 30 cm) and three levels of nitrogen (100,200 and 300 kg/ha). The wider planting distance D3 (30 x 30 cm, 1,11,111 plants/ha) exerted the greatest influence on various growth parameters such as number of branches (31.00). Further, the wider planting distance also recorded maximum fresh weight of individual flower (1.83 g), number of flowers per plant (32.48), flower diameter (4.89 cm) and length of flower stalk (27.23 cm), minimum number of days required for first flowering (95.99 days), 50 % flowering (112.62 days) and increased nitrogen content of leaf (1.98 %). However, due to low plant density the widest planting distance had produced lowest flower yield (6.82 t/ha). On the other hand, the closest planting distance D1 (30 X 10 cm, 3,33,333 plants/ha) recorded the higher value for some of growth parameter such as plant height (55.54 cm) and lower value for individual flower diameter (4.47 cm) because of high plant density but same treatment has produced the maximum flower yield of 15.00 t/ha. An application of higher dose of nitrogen (300 kg/ha) produced maximum plant height. (54.16 cm) and number of branches (30.39). Further, it also recorded the maximum fresh weight of individual flower (1.96 g). number of flowers per plant (35.19), flower yield per plant (69.77 g) and flower yield per hectare (13.08 t/ha). This treatment also recorded minimum number of days taken for first flowering (97.92 days) and 50 % flowering (111.06 days). It also increased nitrogen content of leaf (2.41 %) as compared to lower levels (100 and 200 kg/ha). The optimum dose of nitrogen (200 kg/ha) gave maximum vase life of flowers (8.00 days). The interaction effect between different levels of planting distance and nitrogen were found to be significant on weight of individual flower, number of flowers per plant, flower yield per plant and per hectare. Treatment combination D3N3 (30 x 30 cm and 300 kg N/ha) produced highest weight of individual flower (2.23 g), number of flowers per plant (40.40) and flower yield per plant (90.71 g). However, the treatment combination D1N3 (30 X 10 cm and 300 kg N/ha) produced highest flower yield per hectare (18.83 t/ha). Finally, in commercially cultivated China aster crop Cv. Kamini grown at narrow planting distance (30 x 10 cm) alongwith adequate supply of nitrogen (300 kg/ha) could be recommended for highest flower production under Gujarat conditions.ThesisItem Open Access TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL, CYCOCEL AND ITS METHOD OF APPLICATIONS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FLOWERING AND FLOWER YIELD OF ANNUAL CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) cv. Local White(AAU, Anand, 2004) MASU, MUDASSIRBHAI M.; SADARIA, D. T.An experiment was carried out at Department of Horticulture (College Nursery), B. A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the winter season of 2002. The treatment comprised of three different methods viz., root dip (RD), soil drench (SD) and foliar spray (FS) with two concentrations of paclobutrazol (100 ppm and 200 ppm) and cycocel (500 ppm and 1000 ppm). The paclobutrazol (100 ppm and 200 ppm) and cycocel (500 ppm and 1000 ppm) treatment were done at 30, 60 and 90 DAT whereas, root dip (RD) was applied at the time of transplanting of seedlings. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments including the control. The results revealed that root dip method of application of paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm (RD-T1) produced significantly lowest plant height (10.20 cm), highest number of branches per plant (20.67), plant spread (652.68 cm2), leaf area index (0.56 cm2 /plant), crop growth rate (1.54 g/m2/t) over control at harvest. The maximum days for emergence of first flower (56.25 days) and days required to 50% flowering (65.75 days) were recorded with the soil drench method of application of paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm (SD-T5) after transplanting which were significantly superior over control at harvest. However, the soil drench method of application of paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm (SD-T5) produced lowest plant height (56.87, 73.78, 82.21 cm respectively) whereas, highest number of branches per plant (32.13, 42.14, 49.50 respectively), plant spread (3350.04, 6186.71 and 8419.01 cm2 respectively), leaf area index (9.83, 15.75 and 20.20 cm2/plant respectively), crop growth rate (5.11, 6.44 and 1.26 g/m2/t respectively) at 60, 90 DAT and at the time of harvest. The soil drench method of application of paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm (SDT5) produced maximum flower diameter (6.67 cm), fresh weight of flower (3.58 g), number of pickings (16.50), number of flowers per plant (159.50) and flower yield per plant (571.01 g), net plot (4568.08 g) and hectare (28.19 t). The different were significant as compared to control at time of harvest. The highest net realization Rs. 128937 /ha with C.B.R (1 : 10.70) was obtained with treatment of soil drench method of application of paclobutrazol @ 100 ppm (SD-T5) as compared to all other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF TRANSPLANTING DATE AND SPACING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) cv. LOCAL WHITE(AAU, Anand, 2004) PATEL, HIRENKUMAR DHIRAJLAL; Sadaria, D. T.The present investigation was undertaken with a view to determine the effect of transplanting date and spacing on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. 'Local White' at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the rabi season of the year 2003-04. There were three transplanting dates viz., 15th October (Di), 1st November (D2) and 15th November (D3) with four levels of spacing viz., 10 x 7.5 cm (Si), 10 x 10 cm (82), 15 x 10 cm (S3) and 15 X 15 cm (S4). Thus, there were twelve treatment combinations arranged in split-plot design with four replications. The transplanting date D2 (1st November) exerted great influence on plant height (69.54 cm), number of leaves per plant (9.54) and length of leaves (56.25 cm) at 90 DAT. Girth of leaves found significant at 75 DAT (2.92 cm). Further, the average bulb weight remain unaffected by different transplanting dates. However, D2 (1st November) produced The present investigation was undertaken with a view to determine the effect of transplanting date and spacing on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. 'Local White' at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the rabi season of the year 2003-04. There were three transplanting dates viz., 15th October (Di), 1st November (D2) and 15th November (D3) with four levels of spacing viz., 10 x 7.5 cm (Si), 10 x 10 cm (82), 15 x 10 cm (S3) and 15 X 15 cm (S4). Thus, there were twelve treatment combinations arranged in split-plot design with four replications. The transplanting date D2 (1st November) exerted great influence on plant height (69.54 cm), number of leaves per plant (9.54) and length of leaves (56.25 cm) at 90 DAT. Girth of leaves found significant at 75 DAT (2.92 cm). Further, the average bulb weight remain unaffected by different transplanting dates. However, D2 (1st November) produced maximum 'C grade bulb (9.38 kg/ plot). Different spacings had no any significant effect on bolting percentage, neck thickness, total soluble solids, dry matter and sulphur content of the bulb. The interaction effects between transplanting date and spacing were found significant for neck thickness, twin bulb percentage and 'C grade bulb weight per net plot. Treatment combination of D1S4 produced maximum neck thickness (1.06 cm). D1S4 produced maximum twin bulb percentage (3.10) followed by D1S4 (2.91). The lowest twin bulb percentage (0.45) observed with D1S4, treatment combination. The treatment combination of D1S4 produced highest weight of 'C grade bulbs (11.64 kg/ plot) followed by D3S1 (10.64 kg/ plot). From the results of the investigation it could be concluded that the treatment combination of D2S1 (1st November transplanting with 10 x 7.5 cm spacing) gave maximum yield (578.70 q/ha) and net profit (Rs. 1,40,297/ha).ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND SPACING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CLUSTER BEAN [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. (L.)Taub.] Cv. PUSA NAVBAHAR IN MIDDLE GUJARAT AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2003) VIHOL, BHUPENDRASINH NANAJI; Sadaria, D. T.The present investigation was undertaken with a view to determine the effect of fertilizers and spacing on growth and yield of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] Cv. Pusa Navbahar in the middle Gujarat Agro climatic conditions at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the summer season of 2002. There were three spacing treatments namely, Si (30 x 20 cm), S2 (45 X 20 cm) and S3 (60 x 20 cm) with three levels of nitrogen namely. No (control), N, (20 kg/ha) and N2 (40 kg/ha) and two levels of phosphorus namely, Po (control) and Pi (50 kg/ha). Thus, there were three replications and eighteen treatment combinations with Split Plot Design. The wider spacing S3 (60 x 20 cm) exerted great influence on the growth parameters such as plant height (48.01 cm) and number branches per plant (22.92) at 60 DAS. Further, the wider spacing also recorded maximum number of pods per cluster (10.24), length of pod (9.08 cm) and number of seed per pod (7.21). However, the wider spacing produced low total green pod yield per net plot (8.55 kg). Whereas, medium spacing S2 (45x 20 cm) required least number of days to emergence of first flower (30.24) and to 50% flowering (33.65). Also it produced maximum total green pod yield per net plot (9.03 kg). The treatment N2 (40 kg/ha) produced tallest plant (53.33 cm), maximum number of branches per plant (22.46), number of clusters per plant (19.83), number of pods per cluster (10.98), length of pod (9.21 cm) and number of seeds per pod (7.23). The treatment Ni (20 kg/ha) required least days to 50% flowering (32.83). It produced maximum green pod yield per plant (97.56 g) and total green pod yield per net plot (9.18 kg). The treatment No (control) required least days to emergence of first flower (29.82). The treatment P1 (50 kg/ha) recorded maximum plant height (46.86 cm), number of branches per plant (21.82), number of clusters per plant (19.81), number of pods per cluster (10.16), length of pod (8.73 cm), green pod yield per plant (100.93 g), total green pod yield per net plot (19.81), number of pods per cluster (10.16), length of pod (8.73 cm), green pod yield per plant (100.93 g), total green pod yield per net plot (9.19 kg) and number of seeds per pod (6.66). It reduced the days required to emergence of first flower (29.24) and to 50% flowering (32.14). Different levels of spacing and fertilizer were found to be nonsignificant for number of pickings. The interaction effects between spacings and fertilizers were found significant for different growth and yield characters. Treatment combination N2P1 produced maximum number of branches per plant (17.96) at 45 DAS, number of pods per cluster (12.41) and total green pod yield per net plot (10.74 kg). The NQPI treatment combination required least days to emergence of first flower (25.78) and to 50% flowering (29.07). Maximum number of cluster per plant (22.03) and green pod yield per plant (119.44 g) was obtained in the treatment combination N1P1 Treatment combination S2N1 gave maximum green pod yield per plant (116.17 g) and total green pod yield per net plot (10.37 kg). The highest number of pods per cluster was obtained under the treatment combination S3N2 (11.75) and S3P1 (11.39). Treatment combination S2P1 gave maximum total green pod yield per net plot (10.13 kg). The interaction S2N,P, recorded maximum green pod yield per plant length of pod was obtained under the treatment combination S3N2P1 (9.90 cm). From one year data, it seemed that the treatment combination S2N1P1 (45 X 20 cm, 20 kg N/ha and 50 kg P205/ha) gave maximum net profit (Rs. 35,333/ha).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON LEAF NUTRIENT STATUS IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT PERIOD AND POSITION IN AONLA (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) CULTIVAR GUJARAT AONLA-1(AAU, Anand, 2002) PARMAR, MAYANKKUMAR A.; Kikani, K. P.The investigation on "Studies on leaf nutrient status in relation to different period and position in aonla (Emblica officinalis, Gaertn) Cultivar "Gujarat Aonla-1" was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm, B.A.College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the year 2000-2001. Leaf was choosen as an index tissue and it was collected from five different position of shoot at bimonthly interval starting from June, 2000 to April, 2001 and leaf samples were analyzed for the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content on dry weight basis. The experimental trees received uniform cultural practices but manures and fertilizers each at two levels before on set of monsoon. Vegetative growth and yield were also recorded for different 16 treatment combinations. Significantly highest leaf level of nitrogen content (3.09 per cent) was found in treatment combination N2P1K1F1 (i.e. 1500 g N + 750 g P + 750 g K + 100 kg FYM/tree) in the month of August when leaf samples were collected from the top portion of the indeterminate branch from middle position of tree and it was lowest (0.08 per cent) in treatment N1P0K0F0 (i.e. 1000 g N + 0 g P + 0 g K + 0 kg FYM/tree) in the month of February at the basal position. Treatment N2P1K1F1 recorded significantly higher leaf level of phosphorus content (1.32 per cent) in the month of August at basal position while, it was lowest in the treatment N1P0K1F0 (0.03 per cent) in the month of February at top position. Leaf level of potassium content was significantly highest (1.41 per cent) in treatment N2P1K1F1 in the month of June when leaf samples were collected from top portion of indeterminate branch from middle portion of the tree and it was lowest (0.10 per cent) in treatment combination N1P1KoFo in the month of August at basal position. An interaction between treatment, period and position for leaf level of calcium content was found to be significant and it was recorded maximum (1.54 per cent) in treatment combination N2P1K1F1 in the month of October at basal position and minimum (0.30 per cent) in N1P0K0F0 treatment in the month of June at top position. Significantly highest (1.32 per cent) leaf level of magnesium content was recorded in treatment N2P1K1F1 in the month of August at basal position, while it was lowest (0.07 per cent) with treatment combination N1POK0FO in the month of June at top position. Significant effect of different treatments were found on plant spread (Eastwest), stem girth, number of fruits/tree and fruit yield (kg/tree). Fruit yield was found highest in treatment N2P1K1F1 and it was lowest in treatment N1P1K0FO. The fruit yield (kg/tree) was significantly and positively correlated with number of fruits per tree, leaf level of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in different periods. More or less same trend was observed between number of fruits per tree with the said nutrient. There was significant and positive relationship between different leaf nutrients content and different periods. Despite the marked fluctuation of leaf nutrients throughout the year, stability period for nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium were noted in the month of August to October; potassium in June to August and calcium in October to December. All these nutrients were found stabilized at middle position of indeterminate branch when samples were collected from middle position of tree. To assess nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium status of aonla tree leaf sample should be collected from middle position of the tree during their respective stabilize period. Besides these, aonla trees requires to be applied N, P, and K alongwith FYM for higher yield.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FOLIAR FEEDING OF NUTRIENTS (N, Fe and Zn) AND GROWTH REGULATORS (NAA and GA3) ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) CV. 'S-49'(AAU, Anand, 2001) Nambiar, Smita K.; KIKANI, K. P.A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during the year 1999-2000 with an objective of studying the effect of foliar feeding of nutrients (N, Fe and Zn) and growth regulators (NAA and GA3) on yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. 'S-49' with 12 treatment combinations in Split Plot Design which were replicated thrice, considering nutrients as main plot treatment (Urea 2%, FeS04 0.5% and ZnS04 0.5%) and growth regulators as sub-plot treatments (NAA 20 ppm and GA3 10 ppm). The treatments were given twice as foliar application (20 and 35 DAT). The growth characters studied viz. plant height and number of branches per plant showed significant improvement due to nutrient application. Greater vegetative growth was achieved by an application of F1 (Urea 2%) followed by F3 (ZnS04 0.5%). The yield attributes viz. number of fiuits per plant and number of seeds per fruit also followed the same trend, while size of fruit (length and diameter) increased with F3 (ZnS04 0.5%) followed by F1 (Urea 2%), which brought concomitant improvement in yield. Further, the days to appearance of first flower and 50 per cent flowering showed no difference with nutrient application. Among the quality parameters TSS and marketability increased with all treatments, while acidity and Capsaicin content increased with F3 (ZnS04 0.5%) and F1 (Urea 2%) treatments, respectively. Within growth regulator treatments greater number of branches per plant and plant height was recorded under P1 (NAA 20 ppm) treatment, which brought concomitant improvement in the yield and yield attributes viz. number of fruits per plant, size of fruit (length and diameter) and number of seeds per fruit. Further, the P2 (GA3 10 ppm) treated plants showed earliest flowering, while 50 per cent flowering was not influenced by any treatment. Quality parameters were not much affected by growth regulators, except the TSS content, which was greater in P1 (NAA 20 ppm) treatment. Marketability of fruit increased with all treatments. The interaction (F x P) failed to exert any effect on growth of plant and quality of fruit, but significantly greater number of fruits per plant (263.72 and 250.0, respectively) and yield (205.84 and 195.14 q/ha, respectively) was produced with F1P1 (Urea 2% + NAA 20 ppm) followed by F3P1 (ZnS04 0.5% + NAA 20 ppm). From the foregoing results, it is pertinent that Chilli cv. 'S-49' gave superior vegetative growth , quality and CBR as well as significantly higher yield when it was given F1P1 and F3P1 treatments.