Thumbnail Image

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

Browse

2012 - 201423
Reset filters
Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 23
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) PRAJAPATI, SOHILKUMAR KANUBHAI; Patel, J. N.
    Mustard is one of the most important edible oilseed crops of world and India as well. The present investigation was carried out at Agronomy farm, Bansilal Amrutlal College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the year 2012-13 to estimate gene effect in respect to detail account of its parameters, heterosis and inbreeding depression, heritability and expected genetic advance for seed yield and its components. The experimental material consisted of four families (Laxmi x IC 399797, GM 1 x Vardan, IC 491446 x GM 2 and PM 67 x Varuna) developed from eight parents, each family comprised of six generations as P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2. Compact Family Block Design was used with three replications for evaluation of experimental material. The analysis of variance for families comparison revealed significant variation among families for most of the characters except number of secondary branches per plant. Whereas, among generations within family comparison, analysis of variance revealed significant differences among different generations for most of the characters except days to maturity (family VI), number of secondary branches per plant (family I, IV), number of siliqua per plant (family IV), average siliqua length (family III), number of seeds per siliqua (family III), seed yield per plant (family IV) and oil content (family I and III). Thus, sufficient variability was observed within material study. The scaling tests indicated the presence of epistasis for all the characters in different crosses except plant height and days to maturity in crosses I and II; number of primary branches per plant in crosses I, II and IV; length of main branch in cross IV; average siliquae length and number of seeds per siliquae in crosses I and II. The estimates of gene effect with family I (Laxmi x IC 399797) revealed importance of additive (d) gene effect for days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches and number of seeds per siliqua; dominance (h) gene effect was found to be important for plant height, days to maturity and average siliqua length; additive (d) and real epistasis (j) were found to be important for oil content; greater importance of dominance (d) and dominance epistasis (1) components of gene effects was observed for tests weight, seed yield per plant and protein content. With family II (GM 1 x Vardan) the estimates of gene effect revealed importance of different gene effect with different characters as; only additive gene effect for number of primary branches per plant; dominance (h) gene effect for plant height, average siliqua length, number of siliquae per plant and number of seeds per siliqua; greater magnitude of dominance (h) gene effect followed by dominance epistasis (1) for number of secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, test weight and oil content; and importance of additive (d) and real epistasis (j) for days to maturity and length of main branches. In family III (IC 491446 x GM 2), importance of only additive gene effect was observed for days to maturity and oil content; greater magnitude of dominance (d) and pseudo dominance (1) gene effects noticed for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, test weight; additive (d) and real epistasis (j) gene effects were found to be important for number of primary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant and seed yield per plant; while only dominance (h) gene effect preponded for length of main branch and average length of siliquae. Whereas, with family IV (PM 67 x Varuna) ,the estimates of gene effect suggested importance of only additive (d) gene effect for length of main branch, number of siliqua par plant and seed yield per plant; only dominance (h) gene effect was found to be important for number of primary branches per plant; additive (d) and real epistasis (j) was found significant for days to flowering; greater importance of dominance (d) as well as dominance epistasis (1) gene effects were observed for days to maturity, average length of siliquae, number of seeds per siliquae and test weight. For seed yield and other developmental characters, cross GM 1 x Vardan depicted significant and positive estimates of RH as well as HB, and it had significant and positive estimates of RH as well as HB for plant height, number of siliqua per plant and average siliqua length. All four crosses depicted significant and negative estimates of heterobeltiosis for number of seeds per siliqua which is an important yield contributing character, thereby restricting utilization of their heterotic effects for increasing seed yield. Crosses Laxmi x IC 399797 and GM 1 x Vardan depicted significant and positive estimates of heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis for average siliqua length which is desired to impart bold seed size; though both the crosses, Laxmi x IC 399797 and PM 67 x Varuna exhibited significant and negative RH for number of seeds per siliqua, length of main branch, days to 50% flowering and test weight; the cross PM 67 x Varuna had significant estimates of inbreeding depression in desired direction for number of siliqua per plant and average siliqua length. High heritability with high genetic advance revealed importance of additive gene effect for seed yield per plant in all four families. However, for almost all the yield contributing characters importance of both additive and non-additive components of gene effect was reflected through high to moderate estimates of heritability coupled with moderate to low estimates of expected genetic advance with all crosses. In general, involvement of both additive and non-additive gene effects with moderate to high heritability estimates coupled with moderate/high expected genetic advance as per cent of mean for most of the characters suggested that cyclic method of breeding such as reciprocal recurrent selection would be most effective to stabilize additive genes, to improve population mean and also to generate as well as to retain variability over selection cycles.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex. Poir)
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) CHRISTIAN, SOHILKUMAR SIMONBHAI; Acharya, R. R.
    The present investigation was undertaken in order to estimate the per se performance, extent of heterosis, general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids in pumpkin for 15 characters. The crosses were attempted by using line x tester mating design among four lines and 10 testers during kharif 2009. The resultant 40 hybrids along with 14 parents were tested using randomized block design with three replications at Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2010. The analysis of variance for experimental design indicated significant differences among genotypes, parents and hybrids for most of the characters studied. The mean squares due to females were significant for the characters, viz., first male flowering node, primary branches per plant, fruits per plant, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and fruit polar diameter. Likewise, the male parents differed significantly for former five traits along with first female flowering node and total sugar content. This indicated sufficient variability among males and females for these traits. The mean squares due to parents vs hybrids were also highly significant for fruit yield per plant, first male flowering node, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit equatorial diameter, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solids and total sugar content suggested the existence of overall heterosis and the significant differences between the parents and hybrids with respect to these characters. The study of per se performance of parents revealed that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 45 and PKM 51 were the better performer for fruit yield per plant and yield attributing components. The female parent, Anand Pumpkin 1 ranked first for fruits per plant and third place for fruit polar diameter as well as fruit weight. The male parent PKM 45 was noticed for first position for fruit polar diameter, 100 seed weight and total sugar content. The sort of the best three hybrids among the forty hybrids were Co 2 x PJCM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 on the basis of their/>er se performance for fruit yield per plant. The hybrid Co 2 x PKM 19 showed the highest heterobeltiosis as well as standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant among 40 hybrids. This hybrid also manifested significant heterosis over better parent and standard check in desirable direction for fruits per plant, seeds per fruit, fruit weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Besides this, the hybrids PKM 51 x PKM 19, Anand Pumpkin 1 x PKM 52 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 were also found promising. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to females and males were significant for fruit yield per plant, days to opening of first male flower, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The mean squares due to lines x testers were significant for all the characters except for days to opening of first female flower indicated the significant contribution of SCA variance. The variance for SCA component were higher than respective GCA variances component and less than unit potence ratio confirmed the preponderance of non- additive gene action for all the traits except days to opening of first female flower. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that the parents Anand Pumpkin 1, PKM 2 and PKM 19 were found good general combiner for fruit yield per plant. Moreover, PKM 19 was good general combiner for first male flowering node, fruits per plant, fruit weight, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, total soluble solid and total sugar content. Whereas, PKM 2 was also good general combiner for characters, viz., days to opening of first male flower, days to opening of first female flower, first female flowering node, fruits per plant, total soluble solid and total sugar content. The parent Anand Pumpkin 1 depicted good general combiner for fruit weight and 100 seed weight. The two superior crosses namely Co 2 x PKM 19 and PKM 51 x PKM 19 exhibited higher per se performance, positively significant and high magnitude of heterobelfiosis as well as standard heterosis and significant sea effects for fruit yield per plant. These hybrids also registered significantly higher heterosis and sea effects in desired direction for other yield attributing components. Therefore, these crosses could be further evaluated over years and locations to exploit for commercial cultivation or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIALLEL ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND APHID RESISTANCE IN INDIAN MUSTARD [Brassica junce (L.) Czern and Coss]
    (AAU, Anand, 2012) DHOLU, VINODKUMAR KIRTIBHAI; Sasidharan, N.
    Indian mustard is an important oilseed crop from Cruciferae family. Due to wide genetic variability existing in this crop it holds potential for further improvement. The present investigation on Indian mustard comprised of 8 parents and its 28 hybrids which were produced in a half-diallel fashion. Two sets of experiments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replicatiors each at Plant Breeding Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi 2011-12. One set (protected trial) was subjected to all prophylactic operations to protect the mustard crop from aphids (L. erysimi). Heterosis, combining ability, components of genetic variance and graphical analysis were studied for fourteen characters including seed yield and its components, oil and protein content in this trial. The other set (unprotected) of experiment used for aphid reaction studies was not given any protective spray to control the aphid infestation. Observations were recorded for aphid index and five important yield parameters. Combining ability, graphical analysis and simple correlation were studied for aphid resistance. Experiment-I (Protected trial) Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits. Several hybrids exhibited heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per plant and other characters. On the basis of per se performance and estimates of heterosis hybrids, IC-491446 x IC-560696 and IC-560696 x Vardan were found to be most promising for seed yield and other desirable traits, hence could be further evaluated to exploit the heterosis or utilized in future breeding programme to obtain desirable segregants for the development of superior genotypes. The general and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits. The o^gca and o^sca ratio indicated that non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of all the traits except days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight for which additive gene action was more important. The estimates of general combining ability effects suggested that parents i.e. GM-2 and IC-560696 were good general combiners for seed yield per plant and its related attributes. The estimates of specific combining ability effects indicated that cross combinations viz., IC-491446 x IC-560696, IC-560696 x Vardan and Laxmi x GM-2 were observed to be most promising for seed yield and some of its related traits. Assumptions basic to diallel were only fulfilled for days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. The component and graphical analysis revealed importance of both additive and non-additive genetic variance for inheritance of most of the traits. Degree of dominance manifested partial dominance for days to 50% flowering and plant height and complete dominance for length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative alleles and equal distribution of dominant and recessive genes were found in parents for days to 50% flowering, plant height, length of siliquae, seeds per siliquae and 1000 seed weight. Moderate heritability estimate was observed for all the above traits. The graphical analysis indicated that primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant and oil content were controlled by partial dominance. Whereas, complete dominance was observed for length of main branch, seed yield per plant and protein content. The over-dominance played a role for days to maturity, tertiary branches per plant and total number of siliquae per plant. The parents had greater diversity as their array points scattered throughout the graph for the traits like days to 50% flowering, number of secondary branches per plant, number of tertiary branches per plant, length of main branch, seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant and oil content. The outcome of the current study has been discussed in relation to its implications for improvement programme of Indian mustard. Present outcome revealed that breeding approaches like biparental mating followed by recurrent selection, diallel selective mating etc., in addition to conventional methods are suggested to identify desirable transgressive segregants for further improvement of these traits. Experiment-II (Unprotected trial: Aphid reaction studies) The gca and sea mean squares were significant for aphid resistance. The dominance ratio (σ2gca/σ2sca) indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene effects for the inheritance of aphid resistance. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents GM-1 and GM-3 were good general combiner for aphid resistance. The estimates of specific combining ability effects revealed that the cross combinations viz., lC-491446 x GM-2, lC-560696 x Vardan, IC-491446 x GM-1, Laxmi x Vardan and Laxmi x lC-560696 were observed to be most promising for aphid resistance. The graphical analysis indicated that the over-dominance played a role for aphid resistance. The morphological characters of plant viz., siliquae per plant, seeds per siliquae and yield per plant were negatively correlated with the peak aphid population. The oil content was negatively correlated with peak aphid population while, protein content was positively correlated with peak aphid population. It is being inferred that reduction in seed mass during aphid infestation may be causing reduction in oil content, however leaving protein content unaffected.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis for Seed Yield and its components in Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2014) SHEETAL RAMESH PATEL; Dr. K. K. Patel
    The present study was carried-out to assess genetic variability, characters association and path analysis for seed yield and component characters in forty genotypes of mungbean grown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at the Hill Millets Research Station, A.A.U., Dahod during kharif season of the year 2012. The observations were recorded on twelve characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant and protein content
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN RED RICE GENOTYPES (Oryza sativa L.)”
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2014) A.S.Patil; Dr. M. G. Makwana
    Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficients, were studied in 59 red and 4 white rice genotypes during Kharif - 2011 at Main Rice Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Nawagam. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters under study. Characters like grain yield per plant, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain breadth, grain L:B ratio and harvest index had high genotypic coefficient of variances, high heritability and moderate to high genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean indicating that phenotypic selection could be effective in improvement of these characters. Iron and zinc content had high genotypic coefficient of variation, high heritability and low to moderate genetic advance as percentage of mean. The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were low to moderate for days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of total tillers per plant, grain length, hulling and milling percentage
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTERS ASSOCIATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION IN SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.)
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2014) MADAN MOHAN AGRAWAL; Dr. Sneha Macwana
    Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop of the world. It is the fourth largest oilseed crop in Indian agriculture after groundnut, rapeseed and mustard. Sesame is described as the “Queen of oilseeds” because it contains high oil (38-54%), protein (18- 25%), calcium, phosphorous, oxalic acid and excellent qualities of seed oil and meal. Any successful crossing programme for varietal improvement depends mainly on selection of the parents having high genetic variability so that the desirable character combinations may be selected for higher seed yield. Thus, the genetic variability in breeding population for development of high yielding varieties is of immense importance
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN DIALLEL CROSSES OF POPCORN (Zea mays var. everta
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) SONI NISHITKUMAR VASANTBHAI; Dr. S. M. Khanorkar
    Popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) is an important cross pollinated cereal crop of high economic value. For being tasty and nutritious, always freshly popped for clients and served hot, it is very popular. Looking to the importance the study conducted to assess magnitude of heterosis and combining ability of 45 single cross hybrids developed by half-diallel mating design involving 10 parents and 1 standard check (Amber popcorn). The genetic diversity analysis of parental inbred lines involved in the crosses was done by RAPD molecular marker. The field experiment laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand in rabi 2011-12. The heterosis, combining ability and components of genetic variance studied for 13 characters viz., days to 50% tasselling, days to 50%
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Reproductive biology, inheritance of flower color and genetic variability studies in Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) NANDANWAR HARSHWARDHAN RAVINDRA; Dr. P. Manivel
    Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., commonly known as Shalaparni is a sub-tropical perennial spreading herb that grows in dry hilly areas belongs to the family Fabaceae. This plant has unique medicinal value in Ayurveda. Among the medicinal species of Desmodium, D. gangeticum (L.) DC. is the most valued as one of the ten drugs that constitute ‘dasamoola’. Besides dasamoolarishta, this species enters into composition of several reputed Ayurvedic formulations like ‘chyavanaprasam’ and ‘dhanvantharam tailam
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
    (Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) DAVE VALAY DILIPKUMAR; Dr. K.K.Patel
    Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important nonfood narcotic cash crop and a member of solanaceae family. The present investigation on tobacco comprised of 16 (4 females+12 males) parents and their 48 hybrids developed by using line x tester mating design. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Tobacco Research Station (TRS), Anand Agricultural University, Dharmaj, during kharif season 2011-12. Heterosis and combining ability analysis were carried out for ten characters viz; cured leaf yield per plant, days to flowering, number of leaves per plant, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, days to maturity, nicotine content and total reducing sugar content.