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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GREEN FODDER YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS OVER ENVIRONMENTS IN FORAGE MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(AAU, Anand, 2001) PATEL, NIMESH T.; PATEL, A. D.Abstract not AvailableThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES IN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF FORAGE MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(AAU, Anand, 2000) PATEL, DIPAK A.; SHUKLA, P. T.Fourteen fodder maize genotypes (females) were crossed with three teosinte species (males) in a line x tester design. The resulting 42 interspecific hybrids alongwith 17 parents were grown in a randomized block design with three replications at the Agronomy Farm, B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during kharif, 1997 and 1998. The main objective of the experiment was to study heterosis, combining ability and nature of gene action for various yield and quality characters. Analysis of variance, in general, revealed significant differences among genotypes (parents and F1S) for yield, its components and quality traits. The genotypes x years interaction was significant for all the characters indicating inconsistent behaviour of genotypes over years. African Tall, IC-130954 and IC-97915, among females and Z. perennis, among males gave the highest green fodder and dry matter yield and were also superior for number of yield components and quality traits. Among hybrids, P13 x P16 (African Tall x Z mexicana), P13 x P15 (African Tall x Z diploperemis) and P2 x P15 (IC-97915 x Z diploperennis) exhibited highest mean performance for green fodder and dry matter yield and also major yield components. In general, the parents showing superior performance gave superior hybrids and higher magnitude of heterosis in hybrid combinations. The highest magnitude of heterosis was observed for fresh stem weight per plant, green fodder yield per plant, dry matter yield per plant, leaf area per plant, crude protein content and stem diameter. On pooled basis, the crosses P2 x P16 (IC-97915 x Z mexicana), P2 x P15 (IC-97915 x Z diploperennis) and P1 x P15 (IC-77101 x Z diploperennis) were most heterotic for green fodder and dry matter yield and also for number of yield components. The hybrids P11 x P15 (IC-130917 X Z diploperennis) and P10 x P16 (IC-130882 x Z mexicana) were the best heterotic hybrids for crude protein content and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. Combining ability analysis indicated the importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic variance for the inheritance of most of the characters in 1998, however the ratio of σ2gca/σ2sca revealed the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the characters except leaf area per plant. An observation of the general combining ability effects suggested that females African Tall, IC-97915 and IC-130671 were the best general combiners for green fodder and dry matter yield and also for number of yield components. Females IC-130917 and IC-130882 were good general combiners for crude protein content and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. Among male parents, Z diploperennis was the best pollinator for yield and quality traits. Per se performance holds direct relationship with gca effects and hence during parental selection, per se performance should be given due weightage alongwith gca effects. Estimates of sea effects did not reveal any specific trend, however the comparison of sea effects with per se performance of crosses indicated that at least one good general combiner was necessary for better per se performance alongwith high sea effects. On pooled basis, the hybrid P7 x P17 (IC-130730 x Z perennis) was the best specific combination for yield and its major components, whereas P5 x P15 (IC-13 0671 x Z. diploperennis) and P1 x P17 (IC-77101 x Z. perennis) were the best hybrids for crude protein content and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. In view of the preponderance of non-additive gene effect and presence of high magnitude of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in the expression of yield and its attributes particularly during 1998, the exploitation of hybrid vigour on commercial scale is suggested. However, to exploit the additive genetic variance present in sizable proportion for yield and yield components, biparental approach in the segregating generations like F2, using any of the three North Carolina Design or population approach as suggested by Doggett (1972) may be adopted.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GREEN FRUIT YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(AAU, Anand, 2000) DOSHI, KETAN M.; SHUKLA, P. T.A half diallel set (forty five Fi crosses) including ten parental lines of chilli {Capsicum annuum L.) were grown in a randomized block design with three replications under two environments, kharif as well as rabi season at Vegetable Research Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during 1998-99. The main objective was to study heterosis, combining ability and genetic components following Griffing and Hayman's approach for yield and its components. Analysis of variance for individual environment as well as pooled over environments revealed presence of considerable amount of variability among the genotypes (parents and hybrids) for all the thirteen characters studied. The pooled analysis revealed the presence of high amount of genotype X environment interactions for days to flowering, primary branches per plant, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit shape index, fruit weight, green fruit yield per plant, days to maturity, total chlorophyll and total capsaicin content. The hybrid, RHRC-16-5 X Guchhedar, BC-14-2 X SG-5 and ACS-92-3 X Guchhedar exhibited maximum heterobeltiosis for green fruit yield per plant on pooled basis.ThesisItem Open Access GENETICAL STUDIES IN OKRA [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench](AAU, Anand, 2002) KAPADIA, SHAILESHKUMAR ISHWARBHAI; BADAYA, S. N.Fifteen females were crossed with five pollinators in a line X tester mating design. The resulting 75 hybrids alongwith 20 parents were grown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at Plant Breeding Research Farm, Vegetable Research Unit, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during Summer and Kharif seasons of 1998-99 and were evaluated for 12 characters. The objective of the study was to investigate the mean performance of parents and hybrids, magnitude of heterosis, components of genetic variances, general combining ability effects of the parents and specific combining ability effects of the hybrids over environments. The analysis of variance, in general, revealed significant differences among genotypes, parents, females vs males, parents vs hybrids and hybrids for fruit yield. early yield, yield components, and the two traits for resistance. The presence of genotypes x environments and hybrids x environments interactionswas observed for all the characters except for days to flower and root-knot index. HRB-55, Sel,-2, KS-404 and KS-312 among females; Pusa Sawani and HRB 9-2 among males and KS-312 x HRB 9-2, Padra 18-6 x HRB 9-2, IC-169354 x HRB 9-2 and Red-1'Long x Dafftari-9 among hybrids expressed the highest mean fruit urtd yield on pooled basis and were also superior for many yield components and resistant/tolerant to YVMV disease and root-knot nematodes. Highly significant and high magnitude of heterosis was observed for all the characters but the hybrids varied in magnitude of heterosis for different characters over environments. In general, superior parents gave superior hybrids and higher magnitude of heterosis in hybrid combinations. The highest magnitude of heterosis was observed for early yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, ftult yield per plant, number of branches per plant and YVMV incidence in that order, A number of crosses showed desirable/significant negative heterosis for days to flower, root-knot index and YVMV incidence. The crosses, KS-312 x HRB 9-2, Padra 18-6 x HRB 9-2, IC-169354 x HRB 9-2 and Red-1'Long x Dafftari-9 exhibited highest magnitude of standard heterosis for fmit yield on pooled basis and were also relatively high in individual environments.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability studies in interspecific hybrids (G.hirsutum x G.barbadense) in cotton over environments(AAU, Anand, 2002) AMIN, ABHISHEK B.; PATEL, A. D.The present investigation comprised of 4 genotypes as females, 8 genotypes as males and their 32 resulting interspecific hybrids produced by line x tester mating design. The hybrids alongwith parents were grown in a randomized block design with three replications at the farm of Department of Cytogenetics and Plant Breeding, B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand. The experiment to study heterosis, combining ability and nature of gene action for various yield and quality characters was sown on two different dates during kharif 1999. The analysis of variance, revealed significant differences among the genotypes for the different characters studied indicating sufficient variability in parents. The inconsistency in performance over environments was manifested in the significant genotype x environment interaction for majority of the characters. Considering mean performance, females 4716 SR and G. Cot. 10 gave maximum seed cotton yield and highest measurement for micronaire value, respectively. Among the males, Gujvin, BC 2000-1, Sils 9-22 and 53-56 B proved their superiority for yield, yield attributes and other quality traits. The highest mean performance for seed cotton yield and major yield components was exhibited by the hybrids. Pi x P12 (G. Cot. 10 x Suvin), P1 x P9 (G. Cot. 10 x G. 84-1/247) and P2 x P12 (G. Cot. 16 x Suvin). The highest magnitude of heterosis was observed for halo length followed by number of balls, seed cotton yield, plant height, number of sympods and 2.5% span length. On pooled basis, hybrids P1 x P12 (G. Cot. 10 x Suvin), P2 X P12 (G.Cot.16 x Suvin) and P1 x P9 (G.Cot.lO x G.84-1/247) were the most heterotic crosses for seed cotton yield and other yield attributing characters. For quality characters, none of the hybrids gave the highest magnitude of heterosis. Combining ability analysis indicated the significance of σ2gca and σ2sca sea thereby proving the involvement of additive as well as non-additive gene action. However, the ratio of σ2gca / σ2sca revealed the preponderance of nonadditive gene action for all the characters except halo length on pooled basis. The results on general combining ability effects suggested that female G. Cot. 16 and males Suvin, G. 84-1/247 and 53-56 B were the best general combiner for seed cotton yield and other yield related characters. A direct relationship between gca effects and per se performance indicated the importance of per se performance along with gca effects in selection of parents. Estimates of sea effects did not reveal any specific trend. However, a comparison of sea effects with per se performance of crosses indicated that at least one good general combiner was necessary for better per se performanceThesisItem Open Access DIALLEL ANALYSIS OVER ENVIRONMENTS AND STABILITY PARAMETERS IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.)(AAU, Anand, 2003) RAO, Y. SUNEETHA A.; Kathiria, K. B.The present investigation entitled "Diallel analysis over environments and stability parameters in brinjal {Solanum melongena L.)" was undertaken at Main Vegetable Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during three consecutive seasons i.e., summer 2001, kharif-rabi 2001-2002 and summer 2002. The experimental material comprised of 10 elite homozygous lines, namely, KS 224, JB 64-1-2, AB 98-10, AB 98-13, PLR 1, Gandhinagar Local, Bombay Gulabi, Morvi 4-2, Surati Ravaiya and JBPR 1; their 45 hybrids derived from half diallel mating and hybrid check GBH 1. These'|6 genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications in all the three environments. Observations were recorded on fruit yield per plant, days to first picking and yield component characters namely plant height, plant spread, primary branches per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruits per plant, 1000-seed weight and leaf area per plant, in addition to the quality traits, like dry matter, total soluble sugars and total phenols. The analysis of variance for individual environments and pooled, revealed significant variation among the genotypes for all the traits studied, indicating the existence of sufficient variability in the material under study. The mean squares for genotypes x environments interaction were also found significant for fruit yield, its attributes and quality traits, indicating a variable response of the genotypes under different environments. Considerable level of heterosis was observed in the present study for fruit yield, yield components and quality traits. Maximum heterosis was observed for total soluble sugars, followed by total phenols, fruits per plant and fruit weight. However, varying magnitudes of heterosis was noticed for various traits in different environments, due to the presence of genotype x environment interactions. The mean sum of squares for general and specific combining ability were observed to be highly significant for all the traits studied. The gca:sca variance ratio indicated the predominant role of non-additive gene action for the inheritance of fruit yield and majority of the traits studied, favoring heterosis breeding programme for improvement of these traits. However, a variation in the predominant gene action with the envirormient involved was observed for the traits, namely, fruit length, fiiiit diameter, fi-uit weight and number of fi-uits per plant. Non-additive gene action was observed to be predominant for these traits during summer 2001 and summer 2002, while additive gene action was predominant during kharifrabi 2001-2002. The study of general combining ability effects revealed PLR 1 and JBPR 1 to be good combiners for fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant; Surati Ravaiya for plant spread, primary branches per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and total soluble sugars; Morvi 4-2 for earliness, fruit diameter, fruit weight and total soluble sugars; Bombay Gulabi for plant height, fruit weight and leaf area per plant; AB 98-10 for earliness, fruits per plant and dry matter; KS 224 for earliness; JB 64-1-2 for dry matter; and Gandhinagar Local for 1000-seed weight, during all the seasons studied. A close relationship was also noticed between per se performance and gca effects of the parents. The study of specific combining ability revealed significant and desirable effects for PLR 1 X JBPR 1, JB 64-1-2 x AB 98-13, AB 98-13 x Bombay Gulabi and Morvi 4-2 x Surati Ravaiya for finiit yield per plant during all the seasons along with some of component traits in different envirormients. On the other hand, AB 98-13 x JBPR 1 and PLR 1 X Morvi 4-2 exhibited high sea effects for fruit yield per plant during kharif-rabi season. An analysis of gca effects of parents of these elite crosses revealed maximum number of hybrids to involve at least one good combiner parent for fruit yield per plant. Studies on the genotypes x environments interaction effects revealed significant mean squares indicating variable expression of the traits in the different environments. The results on envirormiental index revealed kharif-rabi season to be most congenial for fruit yield per plant and majority of fruit characters, in addition to days to first picking, plant height, 1000-seed weight and leaf area per plant. Further, the partitioning of environments +(genotypes x envirormients) mean squares revealed higher magnitudes of environments (linear) and genotypes x environments (linear) components, indicating that predictable component accounted for the major part of total variation observed for fruit yield per plant, plant spread, primary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight, dry matter, total soluble sugars and total phenols. Studies on the stability of the genotypes also indicated greater number of genotypes with predictable response for iruit yield and majority of yield component characters studied. Among these, genotypes exhibiting specific adaptability to the envirormients studied were observed to be higher in number, compared to the widely adapted genotypes. Recurrent selection by inter mating of the most desirable segregants followed by selection is advocated for development of open pollinated varieties in the crop to utilize the additive and non-additive genetic variances observed in the inheritance of the various traits studied. However, heterosis breeding programme is suggested for the improvement of fiiiit yield and majority of the traits, since non-additive variance was observed to be predominant. The hybrid, PLR 1 x JBPR 1 was identified for commercial exploitation during both kharif-rabi and summer seasons, based on its per se performance, heterosis, combining ability and stability, while the hybrids KS 224 x Bombay Gulabi, AB 98-10 x JBPR 1, AB 98-13 x JBPR 1 and Morvi 4-2 x Surati Ravaiya were identified for commercial exploitation during kharif-rabi season. Isolation of desirable segregants from advance generations of these promising hybrids involving at least one good combiner is also suggested for the development of improved varieties. Among the parents, PLR 1 and JBPR 1 were identified as good general combiners for utilization in the crop improvement programmes.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY IN CASTOR (Ricinus communis L.) UNDER DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) Sasidharan N.; DR. G.C. JADEJAAn experimental material comprising four females (pistillate lines), twelve males (testers) and their 48 hybrids developed through line x tester mating design were grown in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, in four diverse environments at the Plant Breeding Farm, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University (erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University) during kharif 2000-03. Four environmental situations viz., irrigated (E1), unirrigated (E2), low fertility (E3) and high fertility (E4) conditions were created by manipulating, fertility and irrigated conditions. The objectives of this investigation were to study the performance of parents and hybrids, magnitude of heterosis, combining ability and stability parameters of various genotypes under the simulated environmental conditions.ThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF YIELD, MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES AND RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) B.R.Patel; Dr. D. R. PatelThe present study conducted at Department of Plant Breeding and Cytogenetics, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, during summer 2004 was comprised of six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) of six crosses viz., I (ACP-43 x Pusa Phalguni), II (ACP-65 x Pusa Phalguni), III (ACP-126 x Pusa Phalguni), IV (ACP-139 x Pusa Phalguni), V (GC-1 x ACP-41) and VI (ACP-66 x ACP-142) involving 9 pure lines and laid out in a compact family block design replicated four times for the estimation of genetic parameters (Gene action, heterosis, inbreeding depression, heritability and genetic advance) for yield, yield components and resistance to root-knot nematodes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.).