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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES IN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF FORAGE MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(AAU, Anand, 2000) PATEL, DIPAK A.; SHUKLA, P. T.Fourteen fodder maize genotypes (females) were crossed with three teosinte species (males) in a line x tester design. The resulting 42 interspecific hybrids alongwith 17 parents were grown in a randomized block design with three replications at the Agronomy Farm, B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during kharif, 1997 and 1998. The main objective of the experiment was to study heterosis, combining ability and nature of gene action for various yield and quality characters. Analysis of variance, in general, revealed significant differences among genotypes (parents and F1S) for yield, its components and quality traits. The genotypes x years interaction was significant for all the characters indicating inconsistent behaviour of genotypes over years. African Tall, IC-130954 and IC-97915, among females and Z. perennis, among males gave the highest green fodder and dry matter yield and were also superior for number of yield components and quality traits. Among hybrids, P13 x P16 (African Tall x Z mexicana), P13 x P15 (African Tall x Z diploperemis) and P2 x P15 (IC-97915 x Z diploperennis) exhibited highest mean performance for green fodder and dry matter yield and also major yield components. In general, the parents showing superior performance gave superior hybrids and higher magnitude of heterosis in hybrid combinations. The highest magnitude of heterosis was observed for fresh stem weight per plant, green fodder yield per plant, dry matter yield per plant, leaf area per plant, crude protein content and stem diameter. On pooled basis, the crosses P2 x P16 (IC-97915 x Z mexicana), P2 x P15 (IC-97915 x Z diploperennis) and P1 x P15 (IC-77101 x Z diploperennis) were most heterotic for green fodder and dry matter yield and also for number of yield components. The hybrids P11 x P15 (IC-130917 X Z diploperennis) and P10 x P16 (IC-130882 x Z mexicana) were the best heterotic hybrids for crude protein content and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. Combining ability analysis indicated the importance of both additive and nonadditive genetic variance for the inheritance of most of the characters in 1998, however the ratio of σ2gca/σ2sca revealed the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the characters except leaf area per plant. An observation of the general combining ability effects suggested that females African Tall, IC-97915 and IC-130671 were the best general combiners for green fodder and dry matter yield and also for number of yield components. Females IC-130917 and IC-130882 were good general combiners for crude protein content and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. Among male parents, Z diploperennis was the best pollinator for yield and quality traits. Per se performance holds direct relationship with gca effects and hence during parental selection, per se performance should be given due weightage alongwith gca effects. Estimates of sea effects did not reveal any specific trend, however the comparison of sea effects with per se performance of crosses indicated that at least one good general combiner was necessary for better per se performance alongwith high sea effects. On pooled basis, the hybrid P7 x P17 (IC-130730 x Z perennis) was the best specific combination for yield and its major components, whereas P5 x P15 (IC-13 0671 x Z. diploperennis) and P1 x P17 (IC-77101 x Z. perennis) were the best hybrids for crude protein content and neutral detergent fibre, respectively. In view of the preponderance of non-additive gene effect and presence of high magnitude of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in the expression of yield and its attributes particularly during 1998, the exploitation of hybrid vigour on commercial scale is suggested. However, to exploit the additive genetic variance present in sizable proportion for yield and yield components, biparental approach in the segregating generations like F2, using any of the three North Carolina Design or population approach as suggested by Doggett (1972) may be adopted.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN ISMBGOL (Plantago Ovata Forsk.)(AAU, Anand, 2000) Aher, Adhir Raosaheb; Jadeja, G. C.Isabgol {Plantago ovata Fprsk.) is an important medicinal plant. Seed husk is a drug having laxative property. As the information on genetic parameters is meager, an investigation was undertaken to estimate variability, correlations and direct and indirect effects of different characters contributing towards seed yield by path analysis. The experiment was conducted at the farm of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Project, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during 1998-99 Rabi season. The experimental material comprised 64 Isabgol genotypes. The experiment was conducted in 8x8 simple lattice design with two replications. Out of sixteen characters studied, eleven characters viz., days :o 50% flowering, days required to complete anthesis, days to maturity, average length of spike, average plant height, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, harvest index, swelling factor and husk yield per plant showed significant variation among genotypes, while five characters, nam.ely average number of leaves per plant, number of flowers per spike, number of tillers at harvestir.g stage, effective spikes per plant and husk content showed non-significant differences. The five characters viz., days to 50% flowering, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, swelling factor and husk yield per plant showed high genotypic variance as well as high heritability. The plant height also showed high genetic advance. The higher estimates of GCV were obtained for seed yield per plant, husk yield per plant, number of leaves per plant and effective spikes per plant. The characters like seed yield per plant and husk yield per plant exhibited high heritability and high expected genetic advance as per cent of mean, indicating better scope for improvement of characters by effective selection programme. The estimates of correlation coefficient revealed that seed yield per plant showed perfect positive association with husk yield at genotypic level. It also showed positive significant association with all the chaiacters except days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. Days to maturity showed negative correlation with seed yield. On overall basis, the correlation study indicated that three characters, namely plant height, 1000 seed weight and number of seeds per spike were most important characters for increasing seed yield, in turn increasing the husk yield. According to path analysis, the characters like husk yield per plant, harvest index and number of seeds per spike were hiving positive direct effect as well as significant positive association with seed yieM, while days to maturity were having negative direct effect and negative significant association with seed yield. In general, husk yield per plant, harvest index and number of seeds per spike having high direct effects arid plant height and length of spike with indirect effects may be helpful in selecting the elite genotypes for further treeding programme. Based on mean performance thirteen elite genotypes viz., RJ-129 (V5), MSB-2 (V7), MSB-8 (V8), JI- 28 (V29), JI-18 (V31), JI-6 (V32), FR-138 (V33), DRP-72 (V46), G.I.I (V47), DRP-46- 187 (V50), FR-185 (V55), MB-29 (V59) and DPP-73 (V62) were identified for further use.ThesisItem Open Access GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION STUDIES IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum MiLL) UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2000) Chikkale, Firoz A.; Patel, D. R.Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is an important vegetable crop grown all over the world. Different in vitro techniques are widely attempted in this crop as an aid to conventional breeding. Exploitation of advanced in vitro techniques in this crop needs an efficient regeneration of a cell, tissue or organ into complete plant. Additionally, such a system is necessary for the possible improvement of tomato through transformation technique. Hence, present study was undertaken at Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics B. A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during 1998-2000, with a view to develop such system for few promising genotypes of tomato under advance evaluation at Vegetable Research Project, Anand. The objectives of the study were (1) to identify the best media for in vitro seed germination, (2) to identify the best explant and genotypes for callusing and organogenesis, (3) to study response of different phytohormones to organogenesis, followed by optimization of culture media for maximum regeneration of plantlets, (4) to study response of different phytohormones for shoot tip culture and induction of rooting and (5) to study acclimatization of in vitro raised plantlets. The characters studied were percentage seed germination, days to callus initiation, percentage callusing, fresh as well as dry weight of callus, callus colour, texture and intensity, biomass increase, number of shoots, length of longest shoot, days to root initiation, number of roots, length of longest root and percentage survival. Three explants viz. cotyledon and hypocotyl for callusing and organogenesis and shoot tip for shoot tip culture experiments were used from 15 days old aseptically grown seedling of four genotypes viz., Pusa Ruby, Junagadh Ruby, ATL-11 and ATL-16. MS (1962) and its modifications, LS (1965) and White's (1963) were used as basal media with addition of various levels of different growth regulators viz., lAA, NAA, BA, IB A, Z and Kn. Vitamins free MS (1962) basal medium appeared as best media for germination of all four genotypes with higher percentage germination (84.17%). Among the lAA : BA and NAA : BA combinations, lAA : BA was found superior for callusing and organogenesis. Hypocotyl exhibited significantly superior performance over cotyledon explant for days to callus initiation, percentage callusing, fresh and dry weight of callus, biomass increase and length of shoot whereas, cotyledon was found better for number of shoots. Significant differences among the genotypes and environments for most of the characters using both the explants indicated genotype specific response to various growth media. Significant G x E interactions suggested that genotypes were highly influenced by differences in growth media with respect to callus initiation, number and length of shoots. In general, all genotypes performed better on MS + 0.1 mgl-1 IAA + 0.25 mgl-1 BA and MS +0.2 mgl-1 IAA + 0.5 mgl-1 BA for callusing and organogenesis, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GREEN FRUIT YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(AAU, Anand, 2000) DOSHI, KETAN M.; SHUKLA, P. T.A half diallel set (forty five Fi crosses) including ten parental lines of chilli {Capsicum annuum L.) were grown in a randomized block design with three replications under two environments, kharif as well as rabi season at Vegetable Research Farm, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during 1998-99. The main objective was to study heterosis, combining ability and genetic components following Griffing and Hayman's approach for yield and its components. Analysis of variance for individual environment as well as pooled over environments revealed presence of considerable amount of variability among the genotypes (parents and hybrids) for all the thirteen characters studied. The pooled analysis revealed the presence of high amount of genotype X environment interactions for days to flowering, primary branches per plant, fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit shape index, fruit weight, green fruit yield per plant, days to maturity, total chlorophyll and total capsaicin content. The hybrid, RHRC-16-5 X Guchhedar, BC-14-2 X SG-5 and ACS-92-3 X Guchhedar exhibited maximum heterobeltiosis for green fruit yield per plant on pooled basis.ThesisItem Open Access DIALLEL ANALYSIS IN RIDGE GOURD (Luffa acutangula Roxb. L.)(AAU, Anand, 2000) NIYARIA, REHANA; BHALALA, M. K.Ridge gourd is an important cucurbitaceous vegetable crop. It is grown in summer as well as rainy season. Due to wide variability, it holds potential for further improvement. The present investigation on ridge gourd comprised of a half-diallel set of 9 parents and 36 F, hybrids. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications at Main Vegetable Research Station, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand during kharif, 1999. Heterosis, combining ability and nature of inheritance were studied for 13 characters, namely, days to opening of first female flower, first female flowering node, days to first picking, primary branches per plant, main vine length, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, seeds per fruit, 100-seed weight and total soluble sugars. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents and hybrids for all the traits except fiiiit girth and weight for which the hybrids did not differ significantly. Considering the mean performance, parents Anand 1, JRG 7 and JRG 2 and hybrids PRG 7 x Anand 1, PRG 7 x JRG 2 and PRG 7 x JRG 5 were found to be superior for fruit yield per plant. These parents as well as hybrids also possessed high mean values for other yield contributing traits in the desirable direction. Several hybrids exhibited heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for fruit yield and other characters. Heterosis for fruit yield is a result of combinational heterosis. The hybrids worth commercial exploitation of heterosis on the basis of both per se performance and heterosis were PRG 7 x Anand 1, PRG 7 x JRG 2 and PRO 7 x JRG 5. The existence of both additive and non- additive gene actions with a prominent role of non - additive one, was indicated by significant gca and sea variances for most of the characters. But for the expression of fruit length, fruit girth and fruits per plant, additive gene action played a pivotal role. The estimates of general combining ability effects revealed that parents Anand 1, JRG 2, and PRG 7 appeared to be good general combiners for fruit yield per plant and other yield attributes. A close relationship was found between per se performance and gca effects of the parents. The estimates of specific combining ability effects indicated that cross combinations PRG 7 x CHRG 2, PRG 7 x Anand 1 and PRG 7 x JRG 5 were significant for fruit yield and fruits per plant. Cross combinations PRG 7 x Anand 1 and PRG 7 x JRG 5 were also desirable for earliness. There was some degree of correspondence between per se performance and sea effects of hybrids as well as sea effects and heterobeltiosis for most of the traits. The findings, in the light of their implications in ridge gourd breeding programme have been discussed.