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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF FARM SCIENCE CENTRE AS A QUANTUM CATALYST IN THE TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE DANGS DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE(AAU, Anand, 2001) BARIYA, RAMESHBHAI KOYABHAI; WAGHMARE, S. K.We are all aware that agriculture is the engine of our national growth and for that matter we have to move forward and be competitive. We should not lag behind in the Post-GATT scenario. The backbone of all agricultural extension endeavour is the transfer of agricultural information and technologies to enhance the productive capacity of fanners. India is now known to have sustained and significant rise in agricultural production in which the contribution of KVKs is quite phenomenal and vital. With this conviction, India government made announcement from time to time for the establishment of KVK in every district of the country. This investigation related to the role of Farm Science Centre in the tribal development is an attempt in this direction with the following objectives. 1. To study the socio-economic and psychological characteristics of the farmers of the villages adopted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra. 2. To study the impact of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in the surrounding villages in terms of increase in knowledge and adoption of improved technology. 3. To know the useful teaching methods adopted by trainers of Krishi Vigyan Kendra for rural development. 4. To study the attitude of the respondents towards Krishi Vigyan Kendra. 5. To evaluate the performance of Krishi Vigyan Kendra against targets and achievements. 6. To develop an extension strategy by obtaining the suggestions from farmers and Krishi Vigyan Kendra's staff for strengthening Krishi Vigyan Kendra. 7. To study the linkages and resources developed by KVK in the district. 8. To find out the consfraints of farmers m the adoption of improved farm technology suggested by Krishi Vigyan Kendra. 9. To study the relationship between the socio-economic and psychological characteristics and gain in knowledge and adoption of improved technologies. Research Methodology : The study was specially confined to KVK of Gujarat Agricultural University situated at Waghai as it is functioning in South Gujarat region of Gujarat state. In order to know the development of KVKs in Gujarat state, KVKs at Deesa, Devataj, Devgadh Baria, Waghai, Randheja, Ambheti, Chaswad, Golagamdi, Sadau and Samoda were covered. A sample of 100 trained and 100 untrained farmers of KVK Waghai were drawn randomly from 10 villages, which were also selected on random basis. From each village 10 trained and 10 untrained respondents were selected. Thus, a total of 200 farmers were selected for the study. The data in respect of the objective of evaluating the performance of Krishi Vigyan Kendra was gathered through a questionnaire, while information with respect to the impact of training programme was collected through a structured schedule designed for this purpose. The ex-post facto research design was employed in the study. The collected data were analysed by using statistical tools like frequency, percentages, co-efficient of correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. Major findings: 1. Majority of the trained respondents were middle aged, having primary level of education. They had nuclear family with 5 to 9 members and were participating in one social organisations. They were coming from lower caste possessing 2 to 5 hectares of land and majority had low extension participation. Majority of them were earning less than Rs. 10000 per annum and they had farming plus labour as main occupation. Majority of the respondents had high risk orientation, economic-motivation and scientific orientation. In case of untrained respondents, majority of farmers were also middle aged and they had formal education upto primary level. They were also having nuclear family of 5 to 9 members in the family. They were participating in one social organizations. They belonged to lower caste and were having 2 to 5 hectares of land. Majority of them were also earning less than Rs. 10000 per year. They had farming plus labour as main occupation and majority had low extension participation. Majority of the respondents had medium risk orientation, economic motivation and scientific orientation. 2. Majority of trained respondents had medium level of knowledge in paddy cultivation and high level of knowledge in gram cultivation. In combination of paddy and gram cultivation, majority of them had medium to high level of knowledge In case of untrained respondents, majority of them had low level of knowledge in paddy cultivation and medium level of knowledge in gram cultivation. In combination of paddy and gram cultivation, majority of the respondents had low to medium level of knowledge. It was also found that the extent of knowledge differed significantly with the trained and untrained respondents. 3. Majority of the trained respondents had medium level of adoption in paddy cultivation and gram cultivation. In combination of paddy and gram farming, majority of them were found to have medium level of adoption. In case of untrained respondents, majority of them had low level of adoption in paddy cultivation and gram cultivation. In combination of paddy and gram farming, majority of the untrained respondents showed their level of adoption at the medium level. It was also reported that the extent of adoption significantly differs with the trained and untrained respondents. 4. There are 54 per cent variation with knowledge and 30 per cent with adoption by independent variables. Extension participation, risk orientation and scientific orientation are the most important factors, whereas in case of adoption, family type, family size, extension participation, land holding and risk orientation had important bearing. Scientific orientation had maximum direct positive effect on the knowledge of the respondents followed by occupation, risk orientation and income. It was observed that land holding had highest positive direct effect on the adoption followed by family type and risk orientation. 5. The training aids such as Black Board, Printed/Cyclostyled Literature, Result Demonstration, Meetings and Method Demonstration have been used to the maximum extent by the trainers of KVK. 6. Majority of trained and untrained respondents had a favourable and unfavourable attitude towards Krishi Vigyan Kendra, respectively. The respondents of both the groups differed as regard their attitude towards KVK. 7. The performance of KVK was satisfactory in terms of staff position except KVKs at Devataj, Ambheti and Golagamdi. Subjectwise training courses by all KVKs in Gujarat was also satisfactory. The infrastructural facilities were satisfactory in all KVKs except at Devataj, Waghai, Chaswad and Golagamdi. First Line Demonstration recorded 15 to 52 per cent higher yield over local check. 8. During on campus training lodging and boarding facilities should be arranged. Training on plant protection and fruit crops should be arranged. 9. There was a strong linkage of KVK with government agencies as well as non-government agencies. 10. 'Inadequate availability of FYM', 'Lack of knowledge about plant protection measures', 'Inadequate source of finance', 'Lack of co-ordination among the farmers' and 'Fatalistic attitude towards technology' were important problems experienced by the respondents in farming. 11. Social participation, extension participation and scientific orientation of trained respondents were having positive significant relationship with the knowledge gained by the respondents. While family size had negative highly significant relationship with the knowledge. Education, family type, extension participation, land holding and risk orientation of trained farmers had positively significant relationship with the adoption of improved technology.ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MIXED FARMING AMONG MARGINAL, SMALL AND MEDIUM TRIBAL FARMERS OF SOUTH GUJARAT(AAU, Anand, 2001) THAKKER, BHARAT N.; WAGHMARE, S. K.The crop and livestock enterprises as mixed farming in Indian situation are highly inter related and symbiotically co-existing since long. They are considered to be -complementary and supplementary to each other. Livestock enterprise has been taken to utilize by products of crop farming. Livestock enterprise constitute the most important off-farm activity and provide vast opportunities for gainful employment and income to the farming community in general and to the weaker sections in particular. It provides a cushion effect to the earning of the farmer especially when he is passing through fiscal crises to meet day-to-day expenses and to lead the life comfortably and peacefully. Therefore, this investigation was planned keeping the following objectives in consideration. 1. To identify characteristics of the tribal farmers. 2. To evaluate the present income / status of mixed farming on the farms of marginal, small and medium tribal farmers. 3. To compare the marginal, small and medium tribal farmers with each other in respect to characteristics of farmers and income / status of mixed farming. 4. To find out the relationship between characteristics of the respondents and the income / status of mixed farming. 5. To predict the extent of variation in dependent variables caused by selected independent variables. 6. To invite the problems of the respondents in mixed farming. 7. To find out the suggestions of the respondents to overcome the existing problems. Research methodology To meet the above-prescribed objectives the present investigation was carried out in the six districts (Viz, Narmada, Bharuch, Surat, Navsari, Valsad and Dangs) of South Gujarat. Population of these districts consists of three types of the respondent's i.e. marginal, small and medium farmers. These districts have tribal population in all talukas. The highest tribal populated talukas were selected from these districts. In the upper part i.e. Bharuch and Naramada district, Nandod and Dediapada talukas possess highest tribal* population, respectively. In middle part i.e. Surat district, Vyara taluka has highest tribal population. In lower part i.e. Valsad, Navsari and Dangs districts, Dharampur, Chikhali and Ahwa (only one taluka of Dangs district) taluka has highest tribal population, respectively. So, these talukas were selected for the study. For the final selection of villages, lists of villages were obtained from census of India. Three villages from each taluka were selected for present study. The lists of the farmers of each selected village were obtained from milk co-operative societies and village panchayat records. Other methodological procedure used for the study consisted of measurement of extension, participation, extension contact, attitude, management orientation, gross income from mixed farming, net income from mixed farming, measurement of relationship between the selected characteristics of farmers with their income from mixed farmiag and measurements of prediction of annual gross and net income from mixed farming by farmers with the independent variables. Major findings 1. All the land holding categories and part of South Gujarat were of middle age group, low level of education in the marginal land holding as compared to that of small and medium land holding categories and high level of education was found in middle part as compared to that of upper and lower* part. All farmers had medium family size. Middle part's farmer (2.234 ha) have more operational land holding than that of upper part (1.925 ha) and lower part (1.75) of South Gujarat. Less number of herd size was found with marginal (3.3) as compared to small (4.25) and medium (5.53) farmers. Middle part's (6.53) farmer had higher herd size than that of upper part (5) and lower part (3.21) of South Gujarat. Medium farmer (3.08) had higher level of extension participation as compared to that of marginal (2.43) and small farmer's (1.25) land holding group. Lower part (2.38) of South Gujarat's farmer had slightly higher level of extension participation as compared to upper part (2.15) and middle part (2.06) of South Gujarat. Medium land holding category (8.42) contacted more extension personnel than that of small (6.38) and marginal farmers casually contacted (2.98) extension personnel. Farmers of middle part (6.33) were more advanced in extension contact as compared to upper part (6.03) and lower part (5.72) of South Gujarat. Farmers of all the categories shown favourable interest in dairy farming. Management orientation was excellent of medium farmers (44.52) as compared to that of small (37.07) and marginal (31.8) farmers and good management orientation of middle part (57.10) farmer than that of upper part (41.75) and lower part (28.72) of South Gujarat. 2. The average bullock labour use per farm in a year is found consistently* increasing from marginal to medium farmer and bullock labour is more extensively used in middle part as compared to that of upper and lower part. Human labours utilized are consistently increasing from marginal to medium farmers, and higher in middle part than that of upper and lower part of South Gujarat. Increase in expenditure was found from marginal to medium farmers and higher to middle part than that of upper and lower part. Minimum quantity of cow dung was utilized as FYM by marginal farmers than that of small and medium farmers and maximum quantity of cow dimg was utilized by middle parts fanner than that of upper and lower part's farmers. Minimum quantity of milk yield was found by marginal farmer's animal and maximum quantity of milk yield by middle part's farmer's animals than that of upper and lower part's farmer. Consumption of milk was low by marginal farmers than that of small and medium farmers. Higher quantity of milk was consumed by middle part's farmers than that of upper and lower part's farmers. Minimum quantity of milk was marketed by lower part of South Gujarat as compared to that of upper and middle part of South Gujarat. Gross and net income from mixed farming of marginal farmers was low as compared to that of small and medium farmers and higher amount of income from mixed farming was found in middle part's farmers as compared to that of upper and lower part of South' Gujarat's farmers. 3. Contribution of management orientation was found significantly positive in increasing annual gross income from mixed farming of marginal farmers. Management orientation and manual labour in crop enterprise were found contributing positively and significantly to the annual gross income from mixed farming of small farmers. Bullock labour played significant role in contributing increase in the annual gross income from mixed farming of medium farmers. Management orientation, manual labour in crop enterprise and bullock labour were found significant and positive role in contributing increasing the annual gross income of pooled sample of farmers. 4. Management orientation and manual labour in crop enterprise were found positive and significant in independently contributing in the increases of annual net income jfrom mixed farming of marginal farmers. None of variable was found significant in contributing in annual net income independently from mixed farming of smaU farmers but, variables like milk production, milk consumption, FYM use, management orientation, manual labour for crop enterprise and bullock labour combinedly and positively contributed to the annual net income of small farmers except operational land holding, herd size, milk marketing, dairy farming attitude and manual labour in livestock enteiprise. Operational land holding and bullock labour were found significant and positive in contributing in annual net income from mixed farming of medium farmers. Significant role of operational land holding, cow dung used as FYM, management orientation and bullock labour was found in increasing annual net income from mixed farming of pooled sample of farmers. 5. 'Inadequate irrigation facilities', 'Inadequate supply of electricity', 'Irregular visit of doctors to different villages', 'Costly commercial cattle feed' and 'Lack of veterinary hospitals in villages' were major problems faced by the farmers'. Following major suggestion were made to resolve problems faced by farmer; Promotion of large-scale use of pump sets, can solve the problems of irrigation to a great extent. Further more, there should be adequate and regular supply of canal water and, electricity, animal's feed should be made available at subsidies rates through co-operatives and existing natural pasture and community or waste land should be improved with farmer's participation and Some area should be allotted to livestock owners for the cultivation of green fodder.ThesisItem Open Access SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT AFFECTED FARMERS' ATTITUDE TOWARDS REHABILITATED PLACE AND THEIR ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY(AAU, Anand, 2001) CHINCHMALATPURE, UMESH R.; MAYANI, V. V.The overall objective of this investigation was to study the attitude towards rehabilitated place, adoption of cotton and pigeon pea practices, socio-techno economic changes and satisfaction of PAFs in Baroda district of Gujarat state. The specific objectives of the study were as under: 1. To study the socio-personal, economic, communication and psychological characteristics of Project Affected Farmers 2. To develop a attitude scale and measure the attitude of Project Affected Farmers towards rehabilitated place 3. To find out extent of adoption of modem agricultural technology for major crops by Project Affected Farmers 4. To study the socio-techno economic changes occurred after rehabilitation and adoption of modem agricultural technology at rehabilitated place 5. To develop a satisfaction scale and measure the extent of satisfaction of Project Affected Farmers at rehabilitated place 6. To determine the relationship between selected independent and dependent variables 7. To predict the extent of contribution of independent variables on the dependent variables 8. To assess the training needs of Project Affected Farmers in relation to modem agricultural technology 9. To study the constraints faced by Project Affected Farmers at rehabilitated place in respect of adoption of modem agricultural technology and in general at rehabilitated place 10. To ascertain the suggestions to overcome the constraints of Project Affected Farmers For the present study, five talukas (i.e. Dabhoi, Naswadi, Sankheda, Savali and Waghodia) in Baroda district were purposively selected. A proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 250 P.APs from 121 vasahats. Ex-post-factor research design was applied for the study. The five dependent variables viz., attitude towards rehabilitated place, adoption of cotton and pigeon pea practices, socio-techno economic changes and satisfaction were selected for the present study. Eighteen independent variables selected for the study were: age, education, type of family, size of family and social participation as socio-personal variables, type of house, occupation, animal possession, material possession, land holding, socio-economic status and annual income as economic variables, extension contact and sources of information as communication variables and innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation and attitude towards modem agriculture as psychological variables, respectively The attitude and satisfaction scales were developed by investigator for the present study were utilized for measuring the attitude of PAFs towards rehabilitated place and satisfaction at rehabilitated place, respectively. The other dependent and independent variables were measured by utilizing suitable scale and procedures adopted by other investigators. The data were collected with the help of structured schedule by personal interview method. The data so collected were carefully examined, classified, quantified, tabulated and analyzed in order to make the findings meaningful. For analysis of data, the statistical techniques such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, 't' test, correlation coefficients and step down multiple regression analysis v/ere used. MAJOR FINDINGS 1. Majority (70.80 per cent) of PAFs had neutral attitude i.e. neither they were unfavourable nor favourable attitude towards rehabilitated place. 2. Majority (68.00 per cent) of the PAFs had medium to high level of adoption of cotton practices. While in case of adoption of pigeon pea practices majority (70.00 per cent) of the PAFs had low to medium level of adoption. 3. Nearly half (46.80 per cent) of the PAFs had medium level of socio-techno economic changes. ,' 4. Majority (68.00 per cent) of PAFs had moderate to high degree of satisfaction at rehabilitated place. 5. The literate PAFs had significantly higher in socio-personal, economic, communication and psychological characteristics as well as attitude towards rehabilitated place, adoption of cotton and pigeon pea practices, socio-techno economic changes and satisfaction than the illiterate PAFs. 6. The resettlement and rehabilitation policy package at new place had contributed for a significant impact or changes in PAFs' type of house, social participation, occupation, material possession, land holding, socioeconomic status, annual income, extension contact and utilization of information sources. 7. Results of relational analysis revealed that education, material possession, socio-economic status, annual income, extension contact, sources of information, innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation and attitude towards modem agriculture had positive and significant correlation with attitude towards rehabilitated place and satisfaction at rehabilitated place, whereas age was significantly but negatively correlated with attitude towards rehabilitated place. 8. All the selected independent variables, except social participation, occupation and animal possession were significantly associated with extent ; of adoption of cotton practices. Among them education, type of family, size of family, type of house, material possession, land holding, socio-economic status, annual income, extension contact, sources of information, innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation and attitude towards modem agriculture had positive and significant correlation with adoption of cotton practices. Whereas age was significantly but negatively associated with adoption of cotton practices. 9. The selected independent variables viz., education, type of house, animal possession, material possession, land holding, socio-economic status, annual income, extension contact, sources of information, innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation and attitude towards modem agriculture had positive and significant correlation with adoption of pigeon pea practices. Whereas age had significant but negative relationship with adoption of pigeon pea practices. 10. As regard to socio-techno economic changes all the selected independent variables for the present study except occupation were significantly associated with socio-techno economic changes. Among them education, type of family, size of family, social participation, type of house, animal possession, material possession, land holding, socio-economic status, annual income, extension contact, sources of information, innovativeness, risk orientation, scientific orientation and attitude towards modern agriculture had positive and significant association with socio-techno economic changes. Whereas age was significantly but negatively associated with socio-techno economic changes. 11. The selected independent variables like, material possession, annual income, sources of information, innovativeness, risk orientation and attitude towards modem agriculture together contributed to 54.64 per cent of total variation in the attitude towards rehabilitated place. Innovativeness alone contributed significantly to 48.80 per cent of total extent of variation in the attitude towards rehabilitated place of PAFs. 12. The selected independent variables viz., land holding, socio-economic status, annual income, and innovativeness, together contributed to 53.27 per cent of total variation in the adoption of cotton practices. Annual income alone contributed significantly to 39.16 per cent of total extent of variation in the adoption of cotton practices. 13. The selected independent variables viz., type of house, animal possession, annual income and risk orientation, together contributed to 26.68 per cent of total variation in the adoption of pigeon pea practices. Annual income of PAFs alone contributed significantly to 16.15 per cent of total extent of variation in the adoption of pigeon pea practices. 14. The selected independent variables viz., social participation, type of house, material possession, socio-economic status, annual income and innovativeness, together contributed to 60.12 per cent of total variation in the socio-techno economic changes. Material possession alone contributed significantly to 41.43 per cent of total extent of variation in the socio-techno economic changes. 15. The selected independent variables like, annual income, sources of ,' information innovativeness and attitude towards modem agriculture together contributed to 61.23 per cent of total variation in the satisfaction of PAFs at rehabilitated place, Innovativeness alone contributed significantly to 56.49 per cent of total extent of variation in the satisfaction of PAFs at rehabilitated place. 16. Results of training needs revealed that plant protection, manure and fertilizers, seed and seed treatments, irrigation, sowing, hybrid varieties, storage, harvesting and land preparation were the major areas of training in which PAFs expressed training needs. 17. Lack of irrigation facility, inadequate crop protection, lack of knowledge about new agricultural technology, high cost of fertilizers and lack of technical guidance were the major agricultural constraints expressed by the PAFs. Whereas, unavailability of fodder for animals, lack of proper veterinary services for treatment of animals and lack of vaccination against diseases were the major constraints in general at rehabilitated place expressed by the PAFs. 18. Irrigation facilities should be created, availability of cheap and timely fodder for livestock, better veterinary services, training programme for new agricultural technology, more subsidy should be provide to purchase of FYM/fertilizers/insecticides, job oriented and adult education should be encouraged, technical guidance should be provided, insurance facility for cattle and crop should be made and soil testing should be carried out were the major suggestion offered by the PAFs to overcome the constraints in adoption of modem agricultural technology and in general at rehabilitated place.