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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Dairy Microbiology × End date: 1995 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SELECTION OF HUMAN STRAINS OF BIFIDOBACTERIA FOR THEIR USE IN FERMENTED MILK PREPARATIONS WITH NUTRITIONAL AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANTAGES
    (AAU, Anand, 1991) Khedkar, Jaihind Nivrutti; Dave, J. M.
    Fifty six isolates were obtained from the stools of human infants below the age of four months, by streaking on the plates of Trypticase-Phytone-yeast extract (TPY) medium, incubated under anaerobic conditions. Out of these, thirty two isolates were identified as Bifidobacterium. Three out of 32 strains characterized as Bifidobacterium adolescentis were selected for further study on the basis of their superiority with respect to acid production, resistance to higher concentration of phenol, bile and survival under low pH. Organoleptically acceptable product was one of the criteria in selecting the strains. Accordingly three strains namely; Hbl, Tubl2D and Nub3D were selected and studied with definite objective of using them as dietary adjuncts. The three selected strains showed pleomorphism with bifid, Spatulated, club shaped rods and coccoidal cells. All the three strains were found to grow in milk containing 0.2 per cent phenol, TPY-media with 0.5 per cent bile salts and in media adjusted to pH 5.0. The selected isolates showed medium to high resistance to the antibiotics, known to be used in the intestinal therapy. The strains coagulated skim milk in about 48 h with production of 0.504 to 0.612 per cent titratable acidity and moderate amount of volatile acids containing 120 to 170 µg per litre of acetic acid.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF WHEAT STRAW WITH MOLD INOCULATION AND NUTRIENTS SUPPLEMENTATION TO ENRICH THE FEED
    (AAU, Anand, 1989) PRAJAPATI, JASHBHAI BHIKHABHAI; NEELAKANTAN, S.
    Considering the quantitative importance of cereal straws and the need for feeding these residues to the large populations of livestocks especially in developing countries, considerable efforts have been made to upgrade their nutritive value. Recent biotechnological approaches utilising efficient and improved micro-organisms for bioconversion of cereal crop residues with supplementation under optimised fermentation conditions has provided enough basic knowledge and encouragement to produce a wholesome feed with higher digestible organic matter and crude protein availability. An attempt has been made in the present study to initially screen the candidate lignocellulolytic fungi for their better competitive saprophytic ability on wheat straw. Among the 29 molds tested in sterile and unsterile wheat straw with supplements like water, urea, whey and butter milk, the best eleven molds selected included Pleurotus sp. P3 , P2 , P7H7 and Z-15, N. sitophila 3189 and ATCC 36935, C. velutipes, C.cinereus, A. terreus, C. cladosporindes and P. chrysosporium. The cultures were tested for SSF of wheat straw with urea, whey or butter milk supplementation for 7 days under sterile and unsterile conditions and the samples were evaluated for digestible dry matter .and crude protein recoveries. During the SSF of water, or urea supplemented straw, C. velutipes resulted in less DM loss (7.72-12.88%) and consequently yielded higher DDMR (45.02-48.90%) in the fermented straw. Pleurotus sp. P7H7 and P. ostreatus Z-15 showed comparatively higher DDMR (42.55-47.26%) and minimum DM losses (5.58-10.35%) in urea supplemented straw under sterile and unsterile condi- , tions. In whey or butter milk supplemented straw, all the eleven molds showed lower DDMR than the control straw. The CP recovery in the fermented straw was in the range of 3.78 to 10.39% during SSF by various molds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MICROFLORA OF ACIDIC MILK PRODUCTS IN INDIA AND THEIR PROBABLE ACTIVITY IN THE PRODUCTS
    (AAU, Anand, 1977) Dave, Jayantilal Mohanlal; DESAI, M. V.
    Abstract not Available
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BENEFICIAL ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED HUMAN STRAINS OF LACTOBACILLI IN MILK FOR ITS USE AS DIETARY ADJUNCT
    (AAU, Anand, 1992) Sontakke, Ashok Trimbakrao; Dave, J. M.
    Four cultures of lactobacilli viz. Lactobaci1lus acidophilus (LBKV3) , Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBKI4), Lactobacillus casei (DM-4A) and Lactobacillus casei (DM-22A) were investigated for their beneficial activities in milk for its use as dietary adjunct. These cultures were tested in vitro to withstand gastrointestinal environment like bile, phenol, salt and adverse pH conditions. They not only resisted all the above adverse conditions, but also showed higher resistance to bile. The type of lactic acid produced by L. acidophilus (LBKV3) and L. acidophilus (LBKI4) was found to be DL, while L. casei (DM-4A) and L. casei (DM-eeA) produced L ( + ) configuration. Maximum cell count in milk in case of L. acidophi lus (LBKV3) was observed at 36 h, while in case of Lacidophilus (LBKI4) it was observed at 36 and 48 h of incubation. L. casei (DM-4A) and L. casei (DM-22A) required 48 h to reach the maximum count. The per cent lactic acid produced at the end of 72 h of incubation was 2.824, 1.201, 1.313 and 1.434 for L. acidophilus (LBKV3), L. acidophilus (LBKI4), L. casei (DM-4A) and L. casei (DM-ESA) respectively. The volatile acid production was also higher in L. acidophilus (LBKV3) compared to other cultures, additionally it also produced 50 mg./L acetic acid. The culture filtrate of all lactobacilli showed inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhosa. The culture filtrate of L. acidophilus (LBKV3) was found to be more inhibitory compared to other lactobacilli. The inhibitory component of this culture can be extracted with methanol. The antibiotic sensitivity was found to be strain dependent when tested against 16 antibiotics. All cultures produced acetaldehyde as a flavour compound, but maximum concentration was observed in L. acidophilus (CH) followed by L. acidophilus (LBKV3). Amongst the lactobacilli tested only standard strain L. acidophilus (CH) deconjugated bile acids. None could either degrade or assimilate cholesterol. Lactose digestion was the highest in L. acidophilus (LBKV3) (80.87 per cent) while L. acidophilus (LBKI4) , L. casei (DM-4A) . L, casei (DM-EEA) degraded only 32.09, 34.23 and 36.72 per cent lactose, respectively, in milk at 72 h of incubation. More accumulation of glucose in the medium was observed in case of L. acidophilus (LBKV3) compared to other cultures. Amongst lactobacilli only L. acidophilus (LBKV3) possessed significant lactase activity. Higher lactase activity of 8.00 units for sonicated sample was observed at 12 h of incubation. The lactase was found to be cell bound. The culture supernatant of L. acidophi lus (LBKI4), L. casei (DM-4A) and L. casei (DM-22A) showed cytotoxicity against HeLa and HEp-2 tumor cell lines. The cytotoxic principle in these cultures could be exocellular, while with disintegrated culture supernatant of L. acidophilus (LBKV3) and L. acidophilus (LBKI4) showed cytotoxicity against above tumor cell lines. The cytotoxic principle in- these two cultures could be an enzyme or a particular protein of considerably high molecular size which is not excreted during growth. The results of these studies have revealed that all the cultures do not possess all the beneficial properties. For example the bile tolerence and antibiotic resistance of L. casei was higher compared to L.acidophilus. L. acidophilus (LBKV3) showed higher antibacterial activity and possessed significant lactase activity. Only the standard strain of L. acidophilus (CH) deconjugated bile acids. None could degrade cholesterol. The cytotoxic principles for tumor suppression in case of L. acidophilus (LBKI4) seemed to be both exocellular and intracellular. In case of L. casei (DM-4A) and L. casei (DM-22A) it seemed to be exocellular only, while in case of L. acidophilus (LBKV3) it seemed to be intracellular. Looking to the observed strain variation with respect to various desirable attributes it might be necessary to use the strains individually or in combination to provide the specific benefits to the consumers.