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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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19991
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Subject: Dairy Microbiology × Author: Acharya, Mayur R. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FAECAL MICROFLORA OF BREAST-FED INFANTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PRESENCE OF BIFIDOBACTERIA
    (AAU, Anand, 1999) Acharya, Mayur R.; Shah, R. K.
    A study was planned and conducted with the following objectives: (i) to know the population of different groups of microorganisms present in faecal matter of breast-fed infants, (ii) to know the influence of method of delivery (normal or caesarian section) on the faecal flora of infants, (iii) to evaluate three media viz., Tryptone Phytone Yeast extract Agar (TPYA), Neomycin sulfate, Paromomycin sulfate, NaUdixic add. Lithium chloride Agar (NPNLA) and Lithium chloride Sodium propionate Agar (LPA) for their suitabiUty for enumeration and isolation of bifidobacteria from faeces, (iv) to isolate a few strains of bifidobacteria with probiotic potential and (v) to study in vitro tolerance of these selected isolates to low pH and also to grow in presence of bile and phenol so as to evaluate their capacity to grow under unfavourable conditions of the digestive tract and (vi) to study their growth characteristics in skim milk. Faecal samples from 15 breast-fed infants (9 from infants born through normal delivery and 6 from infants delivered by caesarian section) with age ranging from one week to six months were collected and analysed for bifidobacteria count (on TPYA, NPNLA and LPA), LactobadUi Count (LC), Faecal Streptococci Count (FSC), CoUform Count (CC), Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Total Anaerobic Count (TAC) and Anaerobic Spore Count (ASC). The counts of bifidobacteria (log cfu/g) ranged from 8.26 to 12.24 (average 10.69) on TPYA, 7.11 to 10.63 (9.06) on NPNLA and 5.86 to 9.63 (7.37) on LPA. The values for LC, CC, FSC, APC, TAC and ASC ranged from 6.28 to 9.69 (8.04), S.Sl to 9.99(7.65), 4.08 to 9.20 (6.39), 7.84 to 13.75 (10.48), 8.04 to 12.65 (10.20) and 3.80 to 7.11 (5.64) log cfu/g, respectively. On statistical analysis of data it was found that the differences between counts in the groups (i) infants with normal delivery and infants delivered by caesarian section as well as (ii) exclusively breast-fed infants and infants on mixed feeding, were not significant for any of the counts. The counts of bifidobacteria on three media differed significantly (P<0.05) from each other with count on TPYA being the highest, followed by NPNLA and LPA. For isolation of bifidobacteria, altogether 281 well isolated colonies were picked up from NPNLA, LPA and TPYA, purified and subjected to identification and characterization in two stages. The primary screening of the isolates was done by (i) morphological examination (Gram's staining), (ii) catalase test, (iii) litmus milk reactions, (iv) checking for gas production and v) spore formation. After primary screening, 36 typical isolates showing Gram positive reaction, negative catalase, litmus milk reactions like acid production, coagulation and reduction, no gas production and no spore formation were selected for further detailed biochemical characterization. The tests performed included: indole production, nitrate reduction, gelatin liquefaction, glycerol fermentation, urease production and various carbohydrate fermentation tests. All the isolates were unable to produce indole, reduce nitrate, liquefy gelatin, ferment glycerol and produce urease. Based on carbohydrate fermentation tests, 14 isolates were identified as B. bifidum and 12 were identified as B. breve. Remaining 10 isolates were placed under the category of Bifidobacterium sp. as the carbohydrate fermentation pattern of these isolates was matching with more than one bifidobacteria species. The isolates were checked for their tolerance to low pH, ability to grow in presence of various levels of bile and phenol. All the isolates could grow well at pH 5.0 and could survive pH 4.0 (except isolate 13 and 36). All the isolates could grow well in 1% bile and survive up to 3% bile concentration (except isolate 13 and 36). However, some isolates (8, 21 and 25) could survive even higher level (4%) of bile concentration. All the isolates were capable of growing in 0.2% phenol and could survive exposure to 0.3% phenol concentration. Moreover, isolates 8,21 and 25 could also grow in 0.3% phenol, but could not survive exposure to 0.4% phenol concentration. The growth characteristics of the isolates in milk were also studied in order to evaluate their suitability for use in fermented milk preparations. The viable count (log cfu/g) after 48 h of incubation ranged from 8.60 (isolate 19) to 11.89 (isolate 23) with an average of 10.42. The final pH obtained at the end of 96 h of incubation ranged from 4.33 (isolate 4) to 5.85 (isolate 36) with an average of 4.92. Similarly, the rate of acid development (% lactic acid) at the end of 96 h of incubation ranged from 0.49 (isolate 10) to 1.32 (isolate 4) with an average of 0.76.