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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Dairy Chemistry × Author: Borkhatriya, Vajsi Naran × End date: 1996 × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CARRY-OVER AND DISTRIBUTION OF AFLATOXIN B1 FROM NATURALLY CONTAMINATED FEED AS AFLATOXIN M1 IN MILK, URINE, FAECES AND BLOOD OF LACTATING COWS
    (AAU, Anand, 1996) Borkhatriya, Vajsi Naran; Patel, S. M.
    With the major objective to evaluate carry-over and distribution of ingested AFBi from naturally contaminated feed to milk, urine faeces and blood of lactating cows, a study was carried out on 4 Jersey x Kankrej cows. A ration was tbrmulated containing 150.0 ng AFB1 per kg and fed for 7 days. The milk samples were collected during the treatment period {0 (control), 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day} and during residual period (on 9th, 11th and 13th day) and analysed for AFM1 content and chemical composition. The urine, faeces and blood samples collected during treatment period were also analysed for AFM1 content. There was no change on feed consumption and estimated total daily intake of AFB1 were kept constant during the experiment. A slight reduction in milk yield of the cows was observed, however, the effect was non-significant. There was no significant difference in urine quantity voided, however, quantity of faeces voided differed significantly (P < 0.05) on different days of the experiment. The AFM1 content in milk, urine, faeces and blood and total amount of AFM1 excreted in milk, urine and faeces of cows increased significantly (P < 0.05) on different days of the treatment period. The AFMi in all three excreta and blood appeared on 1st day of the treatment. There was a gradual increase in AFM1 upto 5th day of feeding, followed by a steady-state condition on 5th to 7th days of treatment. The residual study in milk revealed that there was drastic reduction in AFM1 content in milk after withdrawal of the treatment ration on 7th day and reached to normal on 5th day after cessation of treatment ration. The values of AFM1 content in milk, urine, faeces and blood varied from 1.49 to 3.43 (average 1.92), 13.73 to 24.77 (average 20.26), 1.16 to 3.59 (average 2.65) and 0.06 to 0.14 (average 0.09) µg per 1, respectively, during treatment period. The AFM1 concentration in milk was about 7 to 9 times lower than in urine and almost equal to that in faeces. In blood, it was about 17 to 25 times lower than in the milk. The total amoimt of AFM1 excreted in milk, urine and faeces ranged from 9.47 to 21.21 (average 15.89), 88.38 to 159.89 (average 133.51) and 19.70 to 66.95 (average 46.92) µg per day, respectively, during the treatment period. The total output of AFB1 as its metabolite AFM1 was highest in urine, followed by faeces and milk. As treatment period progressed the total excretion in urine decreased, whereas in faeces it increased. The carry-over rate of AFB1 in feed to AFM1 in milk, urine and faeces was expressed as per cent conversion. It increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all excreta during different days of the treatment period. The per cent conversion increased linearly upto 5th day in milk and upto 3rd day in urine and faeces and then attained a steady-state condition. The per cent carry-over for milk, urine and faeces ranged from 2.06 to 4.60 (average 3.44), 18.20 to 33.34 (average 27.55) and 3.99 to 13.29 (average 9.89) respectively. The total recovery of AFM1 in all the three excreta (urine, faeces and milk) during the treatment period ranged from 32.81, to 50.10 (average 40.88) per cent for different cows. After considering the total excretion of the toxin in various excreta as 100 parts, the relative excretion in milk, urine and faeces ranged from 6.24 to 9.04 (average 7.96), 64.07 to 74.55 (average 69.24) and 16.34 to 26.89 (average 21.93) per cent, respectively; during the treatment period. The fat and total solids of milk decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas, in case of protein, lactose and solid-not-fat, slight reduction was observed which was statistically non-significant. There was no significant change in specific gravity of urine of lactating cows on different days of the treatment, indicating no change in solids of urine due to ingestion of AFM1 from feed. The dry-matter in faeces showed decreasing trend, however, the effect was found to be statistically non-significant.