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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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2002 - 20053
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Subject: Biochemistry × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL AND METABOLIC STUDIES IN PADDY (Oryza sativa L.) IN RESPONSE TO SALINITY
    (AAU, Anand, 2005) SUTHAR, VARSHABEN PARSOTAMBHAI; Bhatnagar, R.
    Salinity like drought, remains as one of the world's oldest and most serious environmental problems. Mistakes made by the Sumerians in the Tigris and Euphrates basin of Mesopotamia over 4000 years ago are being repeated today in almost every major irrigation development in the world. Excessive irrigation and inadequate drainage are the principal causes of this build up of salinity. The saline agriculture technology is an alternative approach for effective utilization of salt affected soils, which involves the cultivation of salt tolerant species/crop cultivars. The closely related genotypes differing in salt tolerance can be studied for the elucidation of adaptive characteristics. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for about 2.4 billion people. Rice is a species whose recent evolutionary history has been in fresh water marshes, it can be adapted to water logged condition, possessing a welldeveloped root oxidation properties. Four genotypes of paddy (Dandi, CSR-1, IR-36 and GR-3), differing in salt tolerance were grown at 3 and 5 EC (dSm-1) salinity to study the effect of salinity at germination (15 DAG) and vegetative (45 DAG) stage, respectively. Genotype CSR-1 recorded the highest germination percentage, which was at par with Dandi whereas GR-3 recorded the minimum germination percentage. Dandi recorded the highest total soluble sugar, proline, total phenols and chlorophyll content. Among these total soluble sugar and proline content increased whereas the concentration of chlorophyll decreased up to 5 EC salinity. However, maximum increase in proline content with salinity was noticed in GR-3. Although salinity inhibit hydrolyzing enzyme, due to decreased water uptake, the maximum activity of hydrolyzing enzymes like α-amylase and protease as well as ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase (oxidative enzymes) were recorded in Dandi. The SOD activity was the highest in GR-3 where as IR-36 recorded the maximum catalase activity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ISABGOL
    (AAU, Anand, 2002) MITTAL, BHARTI; BHATNAGAR, R.
    Plantago ovata Forsk, commonly known as "Isabgol" belongs to the family Plantaginaceae. It is a native of Mediterranean region and is cultivated for its valuable husk. Although, it has various medicinal uses but less exploited for research at biochemical and molecular level. India is the sole country in the world, which commonly cultivates the Isabgol and is the largest exporter for the same. In addition to husk, Isabgol contains sufficient amount of essential amino acids (Lysine and Methionine), which are deficit in cereals and pulses. The seeds of Isabgol can be used as supplement to cereals and pulses. The study showed that the highest amount of oil, husk, total carbohydrates, cellulose and protein are present in the genotypes DM3 (4.06%), EC124345 & JI65 (36%), EC124345 & J165 (63%), EC124345 (7.7%) and DM3 (18%), respectively and present in very low amounts in the genotypes JI10 (3.25%), DM3 (31%), DM3 & DM1 (51%)), DM1 (4.2%) and EC124345&JI65(15%). It was also observed that the activity of peroxidase is more in genotype EC 124345, which is found to be resistant to downy mildew. On the other hand, the activity of polyphenol oxidase is more in the genotype DM3, which is found to be susceptible to downy mildew. Phenotypic variations are very less in Isabgol and the genotypes are mostly classified on the basis of Disease Index, because in Isabgol downy mildew disease is very severe and causes high yield loss. The markers include biochemical constituents (eg secondary metabolites in plants) and macromolecules, viz. proteins and DNA. Analysis of secondary metabolites is, however, restricted to those plants that produce a suitable range of metabolites, which can be easily analyzed and distinguished between cultivars. The metabolites, which are being used as markers, should be ideally neutral to environmental effects or management practices. Hence, amongst the molecular markers used, DNA markers are more suitable and ubiquitous to most living organisms. Genetic maps comprising closely spaced DNA markers are useful for genome analysis. Molecular markers have several advantages over the traditional phenotypic markers that were previously available to plant breeders. These markers are not environmentally regulated and are, therefore, unaffected by the conditions in which the plants are grown and are detectable in all stages of growth. RAPD, CAPS, ISSR and AFLP markers were used in fingerprinting and to examine genetic diversity among twelve genotypes of the Plantago ovata Forsk. RAPD and ISSR generated unique profiles for each genotype. CAPS could not distinguish between three of the genotypes DM1, JI10 and GI2, whereas, AFLP could not distinguish between DM1 and JI10. Similarity matrices and dendrograms illustrated the genetic similarities between the different genotypes except some clustering variations, which depend upon the type of marker used. Similarity and variation among the Isabgol genotypes were observed by cluster analysis and dendrograms were constructed, which were compared with the dendrogram from biochemical characters and finally the clustering was done using the plant/per cent disease index (PDI), which formed cluster between the genotypes originated at the same place eg JI10, JI42, JI53 and JI56 (developed at Jagudan) except JI65 which showed the similarities with the genotypes developed at Anand (DM1, DM2, DM3 and DM4).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR FUSARIUM (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini) WILT RESISTANCE IN CUMIN (Cuminum cyminum L.)
    (AAU, Anand, 2003) SREEREKHA, M. V.; BHATNAGAR, R.
    Cumin is an important spice crop, cultivated mainly in Gujarat, Rajasthan and in some parts of Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Extensive loss occurs to cumin by the wilt disease causing fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini which is very much devastating. Existing germplasm also does not contain a good source of resistance as it has a very narrow genetic base. Onset of pathogen attack causes alteration in physiological and biochemical pathways which can be viewed through the investigation at biochemical and molecular level. Our results suggested that higher levels of total phenols, total carbohydrates, cellulose, total proteins and total free amino acids both before and after infection in GC-3 suggested the role for each of these constituents in a resistant cultivar. On the other hand, higher levels of total soluble sugars and reducing sugars indicated susceptibility to wilt disease as observed in GC-1. Higher enzyme activities such as peroxidase, esterase, β-glucosidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and β-1,3- glucanase in GC-3 again suggested a better resistance mechanism against the disease. Genetic diversity studies revealed a close relationship between GC-1 and GC-3. Gene expression results suggested genotype specific expression, as very less number of transcripts induced were common to all the three genotypes. Out of 204 differentially expressed transcripts, 60 were repressed and the remaining 144 were induced transcripts. Repressed transcript may account for decrease in some of the biochemical constituents. Our protein profiles clearly indicated the genotype specific expression at protein level. Biochemical analysis of cumin callus from different explants suggested the role of different biochemical constituents in callus growth and organogenesis. Significantly higher total carbohydrates, total proteins, total free amino acids, proline, ascorbic acid along with significantly higher activities of enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, esterase and PAL were characteristic of the callus from shoot tip of GC-2 which had better growth and organogenic potential. Protein profile also revealed that higher protein content in callus from shoot tip of GC-2 which was highly organogenic rather than the callus from hypocotyl. The treatment of callus by culture filtrate revealed that culture filtrate at 0.1% was very effective in retaining callus growth and regeneration capacity. Significantly higher total phenols, total carbohydrates and total proteins in culture filtrate treated calli and higher enzyme activities of peroxidase, esterase, PPO, PAL and β-glucosidase revealed a second role for these constituents in callus survival under applied pressure. Our proteomic results suggested that many proteins get induced/repressed as a result of culture filtrate treatment which may alter some of the biochemical pathways for their survival, growth and regeneration.