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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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Subject: Biochemistry × Author: LITORIYA, NITESH SITARAM × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF WHEAT GROWN BY CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND ORGANIC MANURES
    (AAU, Anand, 2013) LITORIYA, NITESH SITARAM; TALATI, J. G.
    Investigations were carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, Agriculture Biotechnology, Pesticide residue laboratory and Micronutrient project (ICAR), AA.U., Anand. The organic fertilizer systems increased the quality of durum wheat grain in terms of nutritional components viz., protein content and quality in terms of their fractions, gluten content, micronutrients, carotenoids content and antioxidant activity and decreased the antinutritional factor viz., heavy metals (Co, Cr and Ni) and phytic acid content. Electrophoretic studies of total protein and their fractions gave some idea about the identification of the effect of fertilizer system, but not up to the satisfactory level; so they cannot be considered as parameters to differentiate inorganically and organically grown wheat. However, 2-D gel electrophoresis gave five specific spots present only in organic fertilizer systems, which might be useful for identification of organic wheat. Application of organic fertilizers significantly increased the content of vitamin B complex viz., thiamine, pantothenic acid, niacin and folic acid as well as the phenolic and antioxidant compounds viz., ferulic acids, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid and sinapic acid as compared to inorganic. The influence of organic fertilization system on protein quality in terms of amino acids composition resulted in significant increase (18 to 50%) of all amino acids content in wheat grains over inorganic fertilizers. Essential amino acids, important for human health and growth were significantly increased up to 21 to 50% in organic fertilizer system fortified with biofertilizer over inorganic fertilizer. Application of organic fertilizers also increased the organic acid content viz., fumaric acid, succinic acid and benzoic acid over inorganically grown wheat. The residual effect of organic fertilizer system after harvest of wheat crop significantly increased the soil organic carbon content as well as nitrogen fractions (available, ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen) as compared to inorganic treatment. Application of organic fertilizers significantly increased Fe, Mn and Zn content of soil but did not affect Cu content as compared to inorganic treatment. However, application of organic fertilizer retained the residual heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb) content, which is vital in improving the soil health for plant growth. Application of organic fertilizer did not show any clear effect on chlorophyll content and different enzyme activities (urease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) at both the stages viz., 7 and 14 DAG. The fertilizer systems gave fluctuation in enzyme activities according to their biological properties, so it could not be useful for comparison of effect of different fertilizers. However, organic fertilizer system reduced the nitrate content at both stages of wheat seedlings over inorganic. Ultimately, these data showed that the organic fertilizer systems might be useful for improvement of nutritional quality of wheat grains regarding their nutritional components viz., gluten content, protein content and its quality in terms of amino acids composition specially essential amino acids and fractions, water soluble B group vitamins, organic acids, micronutrients, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, phenolic acids and reduction of anti-nutritional factors i. e. phytic acid and heavy metals in wheat grain as well as the soil quality for plant growth by retaining the residual heavy metals and improvement in the organic carbon, nitiogen fractions, micronutiients and reduction in nitiate content of wheat seedlings.