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Anand Agricultural University, Anand

Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.

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20151
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Subject: Animal Physiology × Author: MADHIRA, SURYA PRAKASH × Start date: 1980 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    HAEMATOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND ENDOCRINE PARAMETERS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF LACTATION IN INDIGENOUS AND CROSSBRED CATTLE
    (AAU, Anand, 2015) MADHIRA, SURYA PRAKASH; ARYA, JHAMMAN SINGH
    The study titled "Haematological, Biochemical and Endocrine Parameters at different stages of Lactation in Indigenous and Crossbred Cattle" was undertaken in Gir, Kankrej and Crossbred cattle, at different stages of lactation and milking phases within the stages, with the objective to determine and compare the differences for (i) hematological parameters viz. Haemoglobin (Hb), Pack cell volume (PCV), Total erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leucocyte count (TLC), Differential Leucocyte count (DLC) (ii) biochemical parameters viz. Blood glucose. Plasma total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and electrolytes: sodium and potassium.(iii) enzymes viz. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, (iv) Hormonal levels of, T3, T4, Cortisol, Insulin and Prolactin, and (v) relationship of these parameters with the milk production. The blood samples were collected from the three breeds (n=6) for each sampling stage, at different stages of lactation, before and after milking, at the time of morning milking. In Gir cattle, the total erythrocyte Count (TEC-10 power 6 /cmm) at different stages lactation ranged between 6.78±0.10 (stage-I) and 7.93±0.03 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej it ranged between 6.35±0.14 (stage-I) and 7.45±0.31 in (stage-Ill), and in crossbred cattle it ranged from 6.15±0.p6 (stage-Ill) to 7.22±0.07in (stage-I).The total erythrocyte count differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds. The total erythrocyte count increased with the progress of lactation in Gir and Kankrej cattle while it showed a decreasing trend in the crossbred cattle. The total erythrocyte count differed significantly (P<0.05) among the stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the Haemoglobin (Hb-g/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 10.93±0.05 (stage-Ill) and 12.38±0.11 in (stage-I), while in Kankrej it ranged between 12.25±0.28 (stage-Ill) and 13.78±0.12 (stage-II) and in crossbred cattle it ranged between 13.31±0.17 (stage-I) and 11.08±0.31 in (stage-II).The Haemoglobin differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds with Gir cattle reporting highest values. The mean haemoglobin decreased with the progress of lactation in Gir cattle while no such clear trend was observed in the crossbred and Kankrej cattle. In Gir cattle, the Packed cell volume (PCV-%) at different stages of lactation ranged between 39.66±0.06 (stage-III) and 41.23±0.29 in (stage-I), while in Kankrej it ranged between 39.00±0.26 (stage-III) and 42.80±0.33 (stage-I), and in crossbred cattle it ranged between 39.44±0.44 (stage-III) and 46.50±0.53 (stage-I).The Pack cell volume differed significantly among the breeds and among the stages. The mean Pack cell volume decreased with the progress of lactation in all the three breeds under the study. In Gir cattle, MCV, MCH and MCHC at different stages of lactation ranged from: MCV-50.52±0.20 (stage-III) to 58.15±0.84 (stage-I), MCH- 15.28±0.10 (stage-III) to 17.35±0.20 (stage-I) and MCHC from 28.20±0.37 (stage-II) to 30.17±0.08 (stage-I). In Kankrej cattle it ranged from: MCV-49.86±0.35 (stage-III) to 59.38±0.47 (stage-I), MCH- 16.18±0.34 (stage-Ill) to 18.89±0.44 (stage-I) MCHC ranged from 27.45±0.47 (stage-Ill) to 30.83±0.18 (stage-I). In crossbred cattle it ranged from: MCV-54.34±0.39 (stage-Ill) to 59.95±0.61 (stage-I) MCH-15.98±0.31 (stage-Ill) to 18.52±0.13 (stage-I) and MCHC ranged from 27.51±0.39 (stage-II) to 29.95±0.28 (stage-I).The Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin decreased with the progress of lactation, in all the three breeds under the study, while the Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration showed similar trend in Gir cattle only. The MCV differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and stages of lactation. The MCHC differed non significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and among the stages. In Gir cattle, the Total leucocyte count (TLC-10 power 3/cmm) at different stages of lactation ranged from 8.38±0.11 (stage-II) to 8.83±0.03 (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej it ranged from 8.49±0.12 (stage-I) to 9.16±0.07 (stage-II) and in crossbred cattle it ranged from 8.59±0.198 (stage-I) to 9.18±0.06 (stage-II). The total leucocyte count differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and also among the stages. In Gir cattle, the total lymphocyte count (%) ranged between 51.00±0.73 (stage-I) and 62.50±0.42 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej it ranged between 50.33±0.80 (stage-I) and 62.00±0.57 in (stage-Ill), and in crossbred cattle it ranged between 50.16±0.87 (stage-I) and 61.50±0.76 in (stage-Ill).The total lymphocyte count differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and the stages. In Gir cattle, the total monocyte count (%) ranged between 1.66±0.21 (stage-Ill) and 2.50±0.40 (stage-II) while in Kankrej between 2.00±0.25 (stage-I) and 3.00±0.36 in (stage-II) and in crossbred cattle between 1.83±0.40 (stage-Ill) and 3.00±0.36 in (stage-Ill). A nonsignificant variation was observed in the total monocyte count between the breeds and the milking stages. In Gir cattle, the neutrophils count (%) count ranged between 30.33±1.05 (stage-Ill) and 39.00±0.77 (stage-II) while in Kankrej between 29.83±0.47 (stage-I) to 39.50±0.47 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 29. 66±0.42 (stage-Ill) to 40.33±0.60 in (stage-I). A non-significant variation was observed in the total neutrophil count while it differed significantly (P<0.05) among the stages. In Gir cattle, the eosinophil count (%) count ranged between 4.50±0.34 (stage-Ill) and 6.83±0.30 (stage-II) while in Kankrej between 5.33±0.49 (stage-I) and 7.00±0.25 in (stage-II) and in crossbred cattle from 4.66±0.61 (stage-I) to 6.83±0.30 in (stage-Ill).The Eosinophil count differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and the stages. In Gir cattle the basophil count (%) ranged between 0.16±0.16 (stage- Ill) and 0.33±0.21in (stage-I), while in Kankrej between 0.33±0.21 (stage-I) and 0.66±0.21 (stage-II) and in crossbred cattle from 0.33±0.21 (stage-II) to 0.66±0.21 (stage-Ill). A non-significant variation was observed in the total basophil count between the breeds and stages. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Glucose (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 56.79±0.28 (stage-I) to 60.38±0.45 (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 57.33±0.47 (stage-I) to 61.33±0.33 in (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 81.65±0.75 (stage-I) to 91.51±0.72 (stage-Ill).The plasma glucose differed significantly (P<0.05) among the stages of lactation and breeds. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Total protein (g/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 6.31±0.05 (stage-I) and 7.20±0.11 in (stage-I), while in Kankrej cattle from 6.39±0.15 (stage-II) to 7.40±0.11 in (stage-I) and, in crossbred cattle from 8.35±0.06 (stage-I^ to 9.04±0.11 (stage-III).The plasma total protein differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and the stages. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Albumin (g/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 3.48±0.07 (stage-Ill) and 3.97±0.06 in (stage-I), while in Kankrej cattle from 3.90±0.06 (stage-I) to 4.25±0.18 in (stage-I) and in crossbred cattle from 4.30±0.07 (stage-I) to 5.11±0.03 (stage-Ill).The plasma albumin differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds, but did not differ among the stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 172.71±0.06 (stage-I) to 195.40±1.74 (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 173.76±1.13 (stage-I) to 195.97±2.34 in (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 180.53±2.78 (stage-I) to 190.20±1.02 in (stage-Ill). Significant (P<0.05) breed and effect of stages of lactation was observed. In Gir cattle, the Plasma High density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 117.66±0.74 (stage-I) and 133.00±2.35 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej it ranged from 116.42±0.39 (stage-I) to 132.56±0.45 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 118.87±0.75 (stage-I) to 129.25±0.61 (stage-III).A significant (P<0.05) difference was observed among the breeds and lactation stages. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Triglycerides (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 15.98±0.47 (stage-I) to 17.06±0.41 (stage-I), while in Kankrej from 16.14±0.31 (stage-I) to 17.86±0.26 in (stage-I) and in crossbred cattle from 27.99±0.70 (stage-I) to 44.61±1.31 in (stage-III).Breed differences and lactation stage differences were significant. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Urea (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 19.43±0.62 (stage-Ill) and 20.31±0.53 in (stage-I), while in Kankrej from 19.52±0.24 (stage-II) to 20.31±0.23 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle it ranged from 16.65±0.49 (stage-I) to 21.09±0.76 in (stage-III).The Plasma Urea differed significantly (P<0.05) among breeds and stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Creatinine (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 0.74±0.01 (stage-I) and 0.92±0.01 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 0.73±0.07 (stage-II) to 0.91±0.01 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 0.83±0.01 (stage-I) to 0.95±0.02 (stage-Ill). The values of plasma creatinine varied significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds an'd stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Uric acid (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 1.57±0.01 (stage-II) and 1.60±0.01 (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 1.60±0.01 (stage-II) to 1.63±0.01 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle it ranged betweenl. 57±0.01 (stage-Ill) and 1.69±0.01 (stage-I).Breed and stages of lactation differences were significant (P<0.05). In Gir cattle, the Plasma Calcium (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 8.77±0.07 (stage-I) and 9.41±0.12 (stage- Ill), while in Kankrej from 8.73±0.14 (stage-I) to 9.41±0.10 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 9.94±0.10 (stage-I) to 10.63±0.06 (stage-II). Significant (P<0.05) breed differences and differences in stages of lactation were observed. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Inorganic Phosphorus (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 4.68±0.04 (stage-I) and 6.22±0.08 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 4.76±0.08 (stage-I) to 6.18±0.09 in (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 5.23±0.03 (stage-I) to 5.74±0.21 in (stage-II). A non-significant difference was observed among the breeds, while it differed significantly (P<0.05) among the stages. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Magnesium (mg/dl) at different stages of lactation ranged between 3.04±0.05 (stage-I) and 3.87±0.01 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 3.01±0.05 (stage-I) to 3.41±0.09 in (stage-I) and in crossbred cattle from 3.18±0.06 (stage-Ill) to 3.49±0.04 (stage-II). Significant (P<0.05) effect of the breeds and lactation stages was observed. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Sodium (mEq/L) at different stages of lactation ranged between 158.45±2.66 (stage-I) to 170.91±1.66 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 162.32±3.29 (stage-I) to 173.11±0.57 in (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 166.87±2.11 (stage-I) to 180.53±1.60 in (stage-II).Breed and effect of lactation stages was significant (P<0.05). In Gir cattle, the Plasma Potassium (mEq/L) at different stages of lactation ranged between 3.37±0.08 (stage-Ill) to 4.57±0.17 (stage-I), while in Kankrej from 3.39±0.07 (stage-Ill) to 4.59±0.20 (stage-I) and in crossbred cattle from 4.29±0.03 (stage-1) to 4.75±0.23 in (stage-I). Breed and lactation stages differences were significant (P<0.05). In Gir cattle, the Plasma Aspartate Aminotransferase (lU/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 68.40±2.57 (stage-Ill) to 89.79±1.05 in (stage-II) while in Kankrej from 67.83±2.32 (stage-Ill) to 89.42±1.47 in (stage-II) and in crossbred cattle from 78.04±0.81 (stage-Ill) to 88.19±0.95 in (stage-I). Breed and lactation stages differences were significant (P<0.05).In Gir cattle, the Plasma Alanine Aminotransferase (lU/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 39.23±0.82 (stage-I) to 45.19±1.21 (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 38.88±0.86 (stage-I) to 43.85±1.33 in (stage-I) and in crossbred cattle from 42.04±0.67 (stage-I) to 44.55±0.48 (stage-I). Breed differences and lactation stages effects were significant (P<0.05).In Gir cattle, the Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP-IU/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 152.93±4.10 (stage-I) and 210.97±3.56 in (stage- Ill), while in Kankrej from 152.74±3.10 (stage-I) to 210.21±3.63 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 149.01±1.04 (stage-I) to 186.19±4.21 (stage-III).The Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase activity differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Acid Phosphatase (ACP-IU/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 83.85±1.39 (stage-I) and 104.42±1.27 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej from 83.83±0.76 (stage-I) to 103.23±0.62 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 85.09±1.55 (stage-I) to 105.52±1.11 in (stage-III).The Plasma Acid Phosphatase activity did not differ significantly among the breeds but differed significantly (P<0.05) among the stages. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Lactate Dehydrogenase at different stages of lactation ranged from 917.87±22.84 (stage-II) and 956.54±28.08in(stage-I), while .in Kahkrej from 880.25±20.30 (stage-II) to 949.87±25.64 (stage-I) and in crossbred cattle from 973.41±7.98 (stage-Ill) to 1006.85±4.01 in (stage-II).The Plasma Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH-IU/ml) activity differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and among the stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Triiodothyronine (T3-ng/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 1.54±0.05 and 1.94±0.04, while in Kankrej from 2.02±0.03 (stage-I) to 2.27±0.n in (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 1.58±0.04 (stage-I) to 1.93±0.02 in (stage-Ill). The Plasma Tri iodo thyronine differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and amongst the stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the Plasma Thyroxine (T4-ng/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 44.14±6.12 (stage-I) and 80.24±2.43 in (stage-Ill), while in Kankrej cattle from 50.21±5.21 (stage-I) to 81.23±3.48 (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 48.46±6.18 (stage-I) to 86.68±2.52 (stage-Ill). A non-significant variation in the Plasma Thyroxine levels was observed among the breeds, but it differed significantly (P<0.05) among the stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the plasma insulin (μIU/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 8.89±0.69 (stage-Ill) and 16.51±0.48 in (stage-II), while in Kankrej cattle from 8.77±0.29 (stage-I) to 12.46±0.43(stage-I) and in crossbred cattle from 10.30±0.57 (stage-Ill) to 14.06±0.80 (stage-II). The Plasma Insulin levels differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and stages of lactation. In Gir cattle, the plasma Cortisol (ng/ml) at different stages of lactation ranged between 5.00±0.38 (stage-I) and 7.51±0.35 in (stage-II), while in Kankrej from 5.57±0.16 (stage-I) to 7.43±0.19 in (stage-Ill) and in crossbred cattle from 7.11±0.10 (stage-I) to 9.36±0.18 (stage-I).The Plasma Cortisol (ng/ml) levels differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and the stages. In Gir Cattle, the plasma prolactin (ng/ml) levels at different stages of lactation ranged between 35.92±1.56 (stage-II) and 49.04±1.24 (stage-I), while in Kankrej cattle, between 30.20 ±0.88 (stage-Ill) and 49.08 ± 1.56 (stage-I) and in Crossbred cattle, between 26.00± 1.07 (stage-II) and 35.44 ± 1.54 (stage-I).The plasma prolactin level differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds and the stages of lactation. The values in the milking phases differed significantly (P<0.05). Milk yield was found to be related with TEC, Hb, MCHC, TLC, neutrophil and eosinophil count, and in biochemical parameters, calcium, magnesium, HDL, creatinine, LDH, albumin, uric acid. The hormones, insulin, T3 and T4 and Cortisol were also related with milk yield.