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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF WHEAT STRAW BASED TOTAL MIXED RATION IN SHEEP(AAU, Anand, 2013) Vaghamashi, Dilipkumar G.; Pandya, P. R.An experiment of 90 days duration was carried out on fourteen adult sheep to study the effect of wheat straw based total mixed ration on their digestibility and nutrient utilization. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, In vitro DMD (Dry Matter Digestibility) and OMD (Organic Matter Digestibility) of TMR (Total Mixed Ration) with different roughage (wheat straw) concentrate (Amuldan) ratio (40:60, 50:50 and 60:40) were studied. The highest in vitro DMD (52.01%) and OMD (62.79%) were observed at 50:50 (roughage:concentrate) ratio in TMR. Hence, it was further evaluated by in vivo study. The sheep under control group (T1) were fed wheat straw and concentrate separately where as sheep under treatment group (T1) were fed wheat straw based total mixed ration in the ratio (50:50). Quantity of feed offered was adjusted at weekly interval according to change in body weight of sheep. Individual feeding of all the sheep was carried out during the study period. The nutrient requirements of sheep in term of DCP and TDN were met as per ICAR (1998) feeding standards.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SOLID STATE FERMENTATION (SSF) BIOMASS ON DIGESTIBILITY AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN GOATS(AAU, Anand, 2013) PANDEY, ARATI KUMARI; Pandya, P. R.An experiment of 90 days duration was earned out on fourteen adult goats to study the effect of Solid State Fennentation Biomass on their digestibility and nutrient utilization. In first phase, in vitro studies on effect of SSF biomass at different levels on DM and OM digestibility revealed that in vitro ADMD, TDMD and OMD increased in all SSF biomass supplemented TMRs compared to TMR without SSF biomass. The in vitro ADMD (73.01%), TDMD (63.93%) and OMD (74.31%) increase by 20.86 %, 31% and 20.34%,, respectively, at 4%, level SSF biomass (9000 IU/g CMCase and 3000 IU/g xylanase activity) in TMR. Hence was further evaluated by in vivo experiment on goats. The SSF Biomass was supplemented in such a way that it supplied 36000 IU CMCase /lOOg DM and 12000 IU xylanase /lOOg DM in TMR. So that the level of enzyme supplementation remains uniform throughout the experiment. The goats under control group (T1) were fed total mixed ration without SSF Biomass where as goats under treatment group (T2) were fed TMR with @ A% SSF biomass. Quantity of TMR offered was adjusted at fortnight intei-val according to change in body weight of goats. Individual feeding of all the goats was earned out during the study period. The nutrient requirements of goats in term of DCP and TDN were met as per ICAR (1998) feeding standards. The daily DM intake g per day and kg per 100 kg body weight were 561.98 and 2.53 for control (T1) while 514.20 and 2.41 for treatment (T2) group. Non significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for DM intake as g per day and kg/100 kg body weight basis. However, the goats under T2 consumed 9.3% less DM than T1 without any adverse effect on body weight. The CP, DCP and TDN intakes were 48.15 & 45.19; 32.35 & 29.36 and 327.71 & 325.83 g/d under T1 and T2, respectively, in which treatment difference were non-significant.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF APPROPRIATE MINERAL MIXTURE TO ANESTROUS AND REPEAT BREEDER BUFFALOES IN TRIBAL AREAS OF PANCHMAHAL DISTRICT(AAU, Anand, 2013) BUTANI, JIGARKUMAR B.; PARNERKAR, SUBHASHForty buffaloes of post-partum anoestrus and repeat breeder were selected for on-farm trial of 90 days duration at tribal villages viz. Jinjari and Kharod in Panchmahal district. The buffaloes were selected on the basis of history as well as gynecological examination, the postpartum anoestrous (not showing symptoms for more than 100 days after calving) and repeat breeding (not conceiving following three inseminations) animals were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments i.e. T1 (Ionic mineral mixture) and T2 (Chelated mineral mixture comprising of Zn in chelate form added extra @ 25% to ionic), following Completely Randomized Design. The buffaloes in control group (T1) were supplemented ionic mineral mixture with feeding schedule followed by the farmers (concentrate + green roughage + dry roughage) and those in chelated mineral mixture group (T2) were reared on farm feeding schedule + compound concentrate mixture. The average DMI (kg/head), DCPI (g/head) and TDNI (kg/head) in T1 and T2 groups were 11.46 ± 0.14 and 11.53 ± 0.10; 592.80 ± 17.88 and 567.96 ±11.22 and 6.40 ± 0.06 and 6.43 ± 0.12, respectively in anoestrus buffaloes. Similarly, in repeat breeder buffaloes, the respective intakes in T1 and T2 groups were 11.41 ± 0.10 and 11.47 ± 0.09; 583.82 ± 16.76 and 582.41 ± 5.67 and 6.64 ± 0.08 and 6.60 ± 0.03. The DM1, DCPI and TDNI in anoestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes were found to be statistically similar and in confonnity to ICAR, (1988) standards. The average intakes of Ca, P and Cu were more than adequate in anoestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes. However, the Zn intake as the per cent of requirement was 66.27±2.37 and 65.58±2.13 in anoestrus buffaloes of ionic and chelated group, and the respective figures in repeat breeder buffaloes was 64.02±1.74 and 66.28±2.37%. The experimental buffaloes were supplemented with appropriate mineral mixture either in ionic or chelated form. The average blood glucose level (mg/dl) in ionic and chelated group of anoestrus (59.50±0.59 and 61.35±0.77) and repeat breeder (59.68±0.57 and 61.40±0.29) buffaloes. The treatment groups did not differ from each other. The period effect was also not significant. The ionic and chelated groups did not differ significantly in anoestrus buffaloes for levels (g/dl) of serum total protein (7.14±0.22 and 6.98±0.22), albumin (3.67±0.10 and 3.53±0.14) and globulin (3.48±0.15 and 3.45±0.09). The respective figures for repeat breeder buffaloes were 7.02±0.21 and 7.08±0.20, 3.56±0.12 and 3.58±0.11 and 3.46±0.09 and 3.51±0.09 (g/dl). However, the period effect was found significant (P<0.01) in all the variables in anoestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes except for level of globulin in repeat breeder buffaloes. Similarly, the ionic and chelated groups did not differ significantly in anoestrus buffaloes for levels (g/dl) of serum triglycerides (30.40±0.76 and 31.65±0.84), cholesterol (127.98±6.45 and 128.88±7.41), BUN (26.50±1.58 and 24.55±1.57) and Serum creatinine (1.94±0.07 and 1.54±0.03). The respective figures for repeat breeder buffaloes were 32.63±2.54 and 33.00±0.97, 122.00±7.20 and 116.48±5.46, 27.20±1.34 and 25.88±1.42 and 1.93±0.09 and 1.50±0.01 (mg/dl). However, the period effect was found significant (P<0.01) in all the variables in anoestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes' except for level of serum triglycerides in anoestrus buffaloes. In anoestrus buffaloes the ionic and chelated groups did not differ significantly for activity (U/L) of serum AKP (233.13±8.03 and 209.58±9.11), ALT (52.30±1.36 and 54.40±2.26) and AST (172.58±6.07 and 175.13±5.54). The respective figures for repeat breeder buffaloes were 218.83±5.09 and 208.10±9.91, 54.13±1.71 and 56.70±2.17 and 158.10±L73 and 162.45±2.09 (U/L). However, the period effect was found significant (P<0.01) with regard to activities of AKP and ALT both in anoestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes. The ionic and chelated groups did not differ significantly in anoestrus buffaloes with regard to levels (mg/dl) of serum calcium (8.38±0.61 and 8.64±0.63), Serum phosphorus (5.70±0.30 and 5.93±0.46) and serum magnesium (2.67±0.24 and 2.66±0.24). The respective figures for repeat breeder buffaloes were 8.67±0.58 and 8.76±0.58, 5.76±0.33 and 5.84±0.30 and 2.62±0.22 and 2.63±0.25 (mg/dl). However, the period effect was found significant (P<0.01). In both the groups of buffaloes, level of serum Calcium and phosphorus increased by 30th day of supplementation and stabilized thereafter. However, serum magnesium increased by 30th day and slightly declined thereafter. The levels (mmol/L) in anoestrus buffaloes did not differ significantly for serum sodium (142.13±2.83 and 143.85±1.11) and Serum potassium (8.69±0.37 and 8.48±0.38) in both the groups. The respective figures for repeat breeder buffaloes were 146.63±1.08 and 143.40±2.36 and 9.00±0.48 and 9.43±0.54 (mmol/L). The period effect was found significant (P<0.01) with regard to serum potassium level in anoestrus buffaloes. The ionic and chelated groups did not differ significantly in anoestrus buffaloes with regard to serum zinc level (ppm) which was 1.99±0.27 and 2.25±0.30, respectively. Similar was the trend in repeat breeder buffaloes and the respective values were 1.95±0.25 and 2.19±0.27. The period effect was found significant (P<0.01) and in both groups the level of serum Zn progressively increased up to 90th day. The average number of days required in ionic and chelated group, for correcting the condition of anoestrus was 63.00±5.81 and 54.33±6.10 and repeat breeding 68.80±5.28 and 51.57±7.26, respectively. Among the animals under study, 50% each of the anoestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes got successfully conceived due to ionic mineral supplementation. Whereas, due to chelate mineral supplementation respectively, 60 and 70% of anoestrus and repeat breeder buffaloes got successfully conceived. The average total cost (Rs.) including that of feed stuffs and mineral supplement for rearing anoestrus buffaloes worked out as 6637.91±579.34 in ionic group and 5303.40±692.97 in chelated group. In repeat breeder buffaloes the cost worked out as Rs. 6930.51±704.22 in ionic group and 5181.93±740.52 in chelated group, respectively. It is concluded that anestrous and repeat breeder buffaloes responded favorably to daily supplementation of 30 g appropriate mineral mixture in ionic/inorganic form. But chelated/ organic mineral mixture (comprising of Zn in chelate form added extra @ 25% to ionic) resulted in better response with 25 and 34% lesser cost of rearing in anestrous and repeat breeder buffaloes, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access THE EFFECT OF FEEDING BYPASS FAT AND YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE) SUPPLEMENTED TOTAL MIXED RATION ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEANER SURTI KIDS(AAU, Anand, 2014) SHANKHPAL, S. S.; PARNERKAR, SUBHASHThe studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding bypass fat and yeast {Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplemented total mixed ration comprising of 60: 40 concentrates: Jowar hay on the growth performance of weaner Surti kids. Based on the in vitro studies, the improvement in digestibility of DM, OM and maximum gas production; the optimum levels of live yeast {Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bypass fat was decided as 2% for incorporation in TMR. Twenty-four growing Surti kids of similar body weight were randomly allotted to four groups, six in each and were individually fed for 15 days preliminary feeding and 120 days experimental period to meet their energy and protein requirements as per ICAR (1998) standards. The kids were fed TMR with no bypass fat and yeast (TO; TMR with 2% yeast (T2); TMR with 2% bypass fat (T3) and TMR with a combination of 2% each of yeast and bypass fat (T4) The average daily gain was 63.74 ± 0.54, 80.22 ± 0.38, 67.43 ± 0.68 and 88.50 ± 0.26 g in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. The treatment groups differed significantly (P<0.01) from each other. The highest gain was in T4 followed by T2, T3 and T1 groups. Similarly, the increase in the body measurements viz. increase in body length (10.00 ± 0.82, 10.83 ± 1.08, 10.83 ± 1.08, 9.67 ± 0.67 and 12.00 ± 0.82 cm), height (15.00 ± 0.58, 16.67 ± 0.67, 14.17 ± 1.19 and 16.33 ± 1.20 cm) and heart girth (15.33 ± 0.67, 16.83 ± 0.75, 15.67 ± 0.49 and 17.33 ± 1.09 cm) of kids in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively, indicating that the gain in body length, height and heart girth was numerically higher in T4 kids compared to Ti, T2 and T3 groups. However, the treatment groups did not differ (P>0.05) from each other significantly. The average daily DMI of experimental kids in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups during digestion trial was 603.13 ± 17.04, 625.51 ± 15.48, 615.02 ± 11.89 and 639.40 ± 10.94 g/day and when expressed as kg/lOOkg body wt. was 4.37 ± 0.10, 4.25 ± 0.10, 4.40 ± 0.13 and 4.21 ± 0.09 and the same in terms of g/kg wt. was recorded as 84.12 ± 1.37, 84.13 ± 1.32, 84.95 ± 1.82 and 83.00 ± 1.24. The DM intake of experimental kids did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The average digestibility coefficients of nutrients in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups for DM (62.24 ± 0.37, 63.90 ± 0.31, 62.82 ± 0.23 and 64.52 ± 0.36%); OM (65.70 ± 0.38, 67.28 ± 0.32, 65.82 ± 0.23 and 67.80 ± 0.36 %); CP (67.37 ± 0.56, 68.34 ± 0.22, 68.14 ± 0.30 and 68.83 ± 0.23%)%); EE (71.05 ± 0.42, 70.90 ± 0.30, 75.68 ± 0.21 and 77.67 ± 0.25%); CF (63.27 ± 0.25, 66.79 ± 0.44, 62.69 ±0.16 and 67.89 ± 0.23%); NDF (56.69 ± 0.39, 60.17 ± 0.23, 57.70 ± 0.21 and 60.24 ± 0.22%); ADF (49.65 ± 0.45, 51.57 ± 0.23, 48.87 ± 0.05 and 50.50 ± 0.33%) and hemi-cellulose (68.37 ± 0.98, 75.63 ± 0.65, 72.76 ± 0.65 and 76.70 ± 0.36%) were significantly (P<0.01) higher in groups supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone (T2) and combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bypass fat (T4) group. But the groups did not differ with respect to digestibility coefficient of NFE (65.99 ± 0.68, 67.06 ± 0.54, 65.99 ± 0.35 and 66.95 ± 0.53%). The average DCP content of T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups (7.34 ± 0.06, 7.34 ± 0.02, 7.42 ± 0.02 and 7.42 ± 0.02 %) were statistically similar, but the TDN content of the T4 group (63.17 ± 0.32) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than T1 (61.46 ± 0.34), T2 (62.54 ± 0.29) and T3 (62.45 ± 0.21) groups which did not differ from each other. The respective cumulative intakes in Ti, T2, T3 and T4 groups during 120 days of DM (72.13 ± 1.83, 74.22 ± 1.89, 73.24 ±1.61 and 74.92 ± 1.47 kg), CP (11.51 ± 0.29, 11.71 ± 0.30, 11.67 ± 0.26 and 11.78 ± 0.23 kg) and that of TDN (44.35 ± 1.23, 46.42 + 1.25, 45.75 ±1.12 and 47.32 ± 0.90 kg) were statistically (P<0.05) similar.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of feeding bypass fat prepartum and during early lactation on productive and reproductive performance of buffaloes(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2013) Pritish Vishwas Ramteke; Dr. D. C. PatelThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of bypass fat one month before parturition and during early lactation on milk production and reproductive performance of buffaloes. Twenty four multiparous pregnant buffaloes (2–3 lactation) were selected for on-farm trial at a dairy farm of village Gopalpura in Anand District. These buffaloes were divided in two groups on the basis of their stage of pregnancy (one month before parturition), milk production and fat % during previous lactation. The animals in T1 (n=12, control group) were fed on farm feeding schedule and those in T2 group were supplemented with bypass fat @ 100 g/h/d during prepartum and 15 g/kg of milk yield in addition to farm feeding schedule. TheThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SOLID STATE FERMENTATION (SSF) BIOMASS ON DIGESTIBILITY AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN SHEEP(AAU, Anand, 2012) PATEL UPENDRAKUMAR G; Dr. P. R. PandyaAn experiment of 90 days duration was carried out on fourteen adult sheep to study the effect of Solid State Fermentation Biomass on their digestibility and nutrient utilization. The sheep under control group (T1) were fed total mixed ration without SSF biomass where as sheep under treatment group (T2) were fed TMR with @ 4% SSF biomass. Quantity of TMR offered was adjusted at weekly interval according to change in body weight of sheep. Individual feeding of all the sheep was carried out during the study period. The nutrient requirements of sheep in term of DCP and TDN were met as per ICAR (1998) feeding standards.ThesisItem Open Access “EFFECT OF FEEDING BYPASS PROTEIN ON MILK PRODUCTION FROM BUFFALOES OF TRIBAL AREAS IN PANCHMAHAL AND VADODARA DISTRICTS(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2012) WAGHELA CHANCHAL R.; Dr. Subhash ParnerkarEighty buffaloes in their second to fourth lactation (15-60 days post partum) were selected for on-farm trial of 90 days duration at tribal villages viz. Amthani, Buchavada and Khatva in Panchmahal district and Dholi Samal, Guda and Puniyavat in Vadodara district. The buffaloes were selected on the basis of their average daily milk yield and fat per cent and were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments i.e. T1 (Control) and T2 (Bypass protein), following Completely Randomized Design. The buffaloes in control group (T1) were fed as per the feeding schedule followed by the farmers (concentrate + green roughage + dry roughage) and those in bypass protein group (T2) were reared on farm feeding schedule + the concentrate moiety included compound concentrate mixture containing bypass protein. TheThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN BROILERS(AAU, Anand, 2012) PATEL PRAGNESHKUMAR PRAVINCHANDRA; Dr. R. S. GUPTAThree hundred (300) unsexed day old ‘CARIBRO CROSS’ broiler chicks were distributed randomly into three treatment groups viz. control (T1), probiotic supplemented in the feed (T2) and probiotic supplemented in the water (T3). The probiotic was incorporated at the rate of 100 g/tonne of feed during starter phase (0 – 4 weeks) and 50 g/tonne of feed during finisher phase (5 – 7 weeks) in feed probiotic group (T2). However, the probiotic was given at the rate of 1 g/L of water during first week of age and thereafter 1 g/4L of water up to 7 weeks of age in water probiotic group (T3).ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FEEDING BYPASS FAT ON MILK PRODUCTION FROM BUFFALOES OF TRIBAL AREAS IN PANCHMAHAL AND VADODARA DISTRICTS(AAU, Anand, 2012) DESAI VIKRAM R.; Dr. Subhash ParnerkarEighty buffaloes in their second to fourth lactation (15-60 d post-partum) were selected for on- farm trial of 90 d duration at tribal villages viz. Amthani, Buchavada, Dedavada, Ladu Damor na vata and Khatva in Panchmahal district, and Dholi Samal, Zoz and Puniyavat in Vadodara district. The buffaloes were selected on the basis of their average daily milk yield and fat percent and were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments i.e. T1 (Control) and T2 (Bypass fat), following Completely Randomized Design. The buffaloes in control group (T1) were fed as per the feeding schedule followed by the farmers (home-made concentrate mixture + green fodder + dry fodder). Bypass fat supplement manufactured by Animal Nutrition Department, GADVASU, Ludhiana, was provided to buffaloes in T2 group @ 15g/kg milk yield/head/d.