Anand Agricultural University, Anand

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during two consecutive rabi seasons of the year 2002-03 and 2003-04 with a view to study the "Response of rabi maize (Zea mays L.) to methods of irrigation and nitrogen levels under middle Gujarat conditions". The experiment consisted of twenty treatment combinations comprised of four methods of irrigation (flat bed, all furrow, alternate furrow and skip furrow irrigations) and five nitrogen levels (75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 kg ha-1). The field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications, wherein, methods of irrigation were relegated in the main plots and nitrogen levels were assigned to the sub-plots. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture having good drainage capacity. It was low in organic carbon and total nitrogen and high in available phosphorus and potassium. The results revealed that methods of irrigation showed significant influence on growth and yield attributes viz., periodical plant height (except at 90 DAS) and number of leaves plant-1, stem girth at bottom and middle portion of the plant at 60 DAS, periodical leaf area index (except at 30 DAS) and periodical dry matter accumulation plant-1 (except at 30 DAS), crop growth rate between 30-60 and 60-90 days of the crop, days to mid tasseling, number of cobs plant-1, length and girth of cob, number of grains and their weight cob-i and weight of 100 grain. These attributes were higher either in all furrows or in flat bed irrigation than alternate furrow and skip furrow irrigation. Like-wise chemical parameters such as chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll contents in fresh flag leaf (except chlorophyll-b content at 30 and 90 DAS), uptake of N, P and K by grain and stover also showed the similar response. Methods of irrigation failed to exhibit their significant influence on stem girth at top portion of the plant and also harvest index as well as protein content of grain. The total nitrogen content of the soil was not significant, while available soil phosphorus and potassium were significant and these nutrients were drained out in sizeable amounts under all furrow and flat bed irrigation over alternate and skip furrow irrigation. Field water use efficiency was maximum under alternate furrow irrigation followed by skip furrow irrigation. Significantly higher grain and stover yields (5165 and 8297 kg ha-1) were obtained under all furrow irrigation than alternate and skip furrow irrigation but it was at par with flat bed irrigation which recorded the grain and stover yields of 4917 and 8018 kg ha-1, respectively. All furrows irrigation registered the highest net realization (Rs. 19044 ha-1) with the maximum CBR of 1: 2.41. The periodical plant height, number of leaves plant-1, stem girth at bottom, middle and top portion of the plant, periodical leaf area index and dry matter accumulation plant and crop growth rate between 30-60 and 60-90 days of the crop, days to mid tasseling; yield attributes like number of cobs plant-1, length and girth of cob, number of grains and their weight cob-1 and weight of 100 grains were significant due to nitrogen levels and these attributes were tended to increase with the increase in the levels of nitrogen from 75 to 175 kg N ha-1. Chemical parameters viz. protein content, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll, uptake of N, P and K by grain and stover were also increased with the increase in levels of nitrogen except stem girth at middle and top portions of the plant and P uptake by grain which were improved upto application of 150 kg N ha-1. Harvest index, total soil nitrogen and available soil phosphorus were not significantly influenced due to nitrogen levels but available soil potassium was found to be significant due to nitrogen levels and higher amount of applied nitrogen depleted higher quantity of potassium from the soil. Field water use efficiency was also increased with the increase in levels of nitrogen. Application of 175 kg N ha-1 (N175) recorded significantly higher grain yield (5077 kg ha-1) than the rest of the nitrogen levels except 150 kg N ha-1, which recorded the grain yield of 4960 kg ha-1. Similarly, 150 and 125 kg N ha-1 were also at par. The stover yield (8465 kg ha-1) was significantly higher under the highest level of nitrogen (175 kg N ha-1) than others, but was comparable to 150 kg N ha-1 (8283 kg ha-1). Net profit was increased with each successive increase in nitrogen levels and maximum net realization of Rs. 18362 ha-1 was accrued with the application of 175 kg N ha-1 with the CBR of 1:2.33 followed by 150 kg N ha-1 (Rs. 17911 ha-1) and 125 kg N ha-1 (Rs. 17049 ha-1), which recorded the CBR of 1:2.33 and 1:2.29, respectively. The interaction effect between methods of irrigation and nitrogen levels also brought out significant variations in plant height at 60 DAS, number of leaves plant-1 at 90 DAS, stem girth at bottom, middle and top portions of the plant at 60 DAS, leaf area index at 60 and 90 DAS, dry matter accumulation planH at 30 DAS, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b at 60 and 90 DAS and total chlorophyll at 90 DAS, protein content of grain, uptake of phosphorus and potash by grain, total soil nitrogen, available soil phosphorus and potassium status of soil. The correlation studies indicated that grain yield had highly significant positive correlation with almost all the growth and yield attributes and chemical traits. From the above findings, it is concluded that for accruing maximum economic advantage, rabi maize variety GM 3 should be irrigated by adopting all furrow method of irrigation and fertilized @ 150 kg N ha-1 along with 50 kg P2O5/ha.

With an objective to study the performance of dsarf wheat varieties (F. aestivum L.) to various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, an investigation was carried out at the Agronomy Farm of B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand during rabi season on the year 1981-82. Twenty four treatment combinations involving two varieties viz., Lok-1 and Sonalike, four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) were laid in split plot design with four replications.

Mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Cozern & Coss) is one of the oilseed crops of India. It is an irrigated crop in Gujarat. Since water requirement of mustard is low, whereas out of all the essential nutrients nitrogen is of supreme importance. With a view to have insight on the optimum irrigation intervals coupled with mulches and reflectants levels for mustard variety ‘Varuna’, the present study was concluded. A field experiment was laid out at B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand during rabi season 1979-80. The treatments included in this study considered of two levels of irrigation viz. Irrigation of an interval of 25 days (I1) and 45 days (I2) and mulched treatments, three levels of mulches (Control, M1), wheat chopped straw (M2), interculturing (M3) and three levels of Kaolin Control (K1), one spray of kaolin (K2) and two spray of kaolin (K3).

Anand Agricultural University, Anand

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