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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULES (IW : CPE RATIO) AND MULCHES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUMMER GREENGRAM UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2005) PANCHAL, HIRENKUMAR D; PATEL, J. J.A field experiment was conducted during summer season of the year 2003 at the College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the, "Influence of irrigation schedules (IW : CPE ratio) and mulches on growth and yield of summer greengram under middle Gujarat conditions". The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture having good drainage, low in nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potash with pH 7.5. Sixteen treatment combinations consisting of four levels of irrigation schedules (IW : CPE ratio) viz.,I0- control critical growth stages. I1- 0.5 IW : CPE ratio, I2- 0.7 IW : CPE ratio and I3- 0.9 IW : CPE ratio and four mulches viz., control-no mulch (Mo), organic mulch i.e. Bajra Bhusa @ 5t ha-1(M1), black polythene sheet (M2) and silver colour sheet (M3) were tested under split plot design with four replications. The results indicated that the seed and dry fodder yield as well as most of the growth and yield attributes of summer greengram were significantly influenced due to different irrigation schedules. The results further revealed that treatment I2 (0.7 IW : CPE ratio) recorded significantly higher av. plant height at 20 and 50 DAS and at harvest, av. number of branches per plant, av. number of pods per plant, av. number of seeds per pod, av. pod length (cm) and test weight (1000- seed weight in g). Treatment I2 (0.7 IW : CPE ratio) secured the highest seed yield (1234.03 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (2303.47 kg ha-1) of summer greengram. The seed and dry fodder yield increase under the same treatment was to the tune of 110.86 and 34.35 per cent, respectively over treatment lo (Control- critical growth stages). Significantly the highest nitrogen uptake (49.21 kg ha-1) by seed was observed under treatment I2 (0.7 IW : CPE ratio), while same treatment recorded significantly higher phosphorus uptake (4.06 kg ha-1) and was being at par with treatment I3 (0.9 IW: CPE ratio). The consumptive use of water was increased with increase in IW : CPE ratio, whereas the water use efficiency was higher with lower IW : CPE ratio. The highest net realization (18515 Rs. ha-1) was secured under treatment I2 (0.7 IW : CPE ratio), followed by h (0.9 IW : CPE ratio) and Ii (0.5 IW : CPE ratio), while the lowest net realization (6354 Rs. ha-1) was found under treatment lo (Control- critical growth stages). The highest net ICBR (1:7.17) was secured under treatment h (0.7 IW : CPE ratio), followed by the treatments I1 (0.5 IW : CPE ratio) with net ICBR of 1: 5.68 and I3 (0.9 IW: CPE ratio) with net ICBR of 1:3.63. Among the various mulches, application of organic mulch i.e. Bajra Bhusa @ 51 ha-1 (M1) resulted in the maximum growth and yield attributes which ultimately resulted in higher seed and dry fodder yield of summer greengram. Application of organic mulch i.e. Bajra Bhusa @ 51 ha-1 (M1) secured significantly the highest seed yield (1128.47 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (2076.39 kg ha-1). The seed and dry fodder yield increase under the same treatment was to the tune of 41.79 and 17.48 per cent respectively over treatment Mo (Control-no mulch). Treatment M1 (organic mulch) recorded significantly the highest nitrogen uptake (42.89 kg ha-1) in seed. Apart from this, it secured the highest consumptive use of water and water use efficiency. The highest value of net realization (16289 Rs. ha-1) and net ICBR 1:1.52 were observed under the same treatment. During the course of investigation, interaction effect of irrigation and mulches revealed that treatment combination of I0M2 (Control: at critical growth stage and black polythene sheet) recorded significantly lower toted weed count and dry weight of weed at harvest. For securing higher seed yield and net realization from summer greengram crop Cv. GM- 4 raised on loamy sand soils of middle Gujarat, it is advisable to apply nine irrigations, 2nd irrigation of 25 mm depth and rest of the irrigations, each of 50 mm depth to be scheduled at an IW : CPE ratio of 0.7. The first irrigation should be applied immediately after sowing, second at seven days after first irrigation and remaining irrigations at an interval of seven days with application as organic mulch i.e. Bajra Bhusa @ 5 t ha-1 (M1) for securing higher seed yield and maximum net realization over control i.e. no mulch.ThesisItem Open Access NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPLANTED SUMMER PEARLMILLET (cv. GHB-558) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2005) MAHAR, HIMANSHUKUMAR NAGAJIBHAI; TANK, D. A.A field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil of the College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study "Nitrogen management in transplanted summer pearlmillet (cv. GHB-558) imder middle Gujarat conditions" conducted during summer season of 2004. The soil of experimental plot was loamy sand in texture. The soil status was low in organic carbon and available nitrpgen, while medium in available phophorus and high in available potash with pH 7.8 and EC value 0.15 dSm-1. Twenty four treatment combinations comprising two levels of seedling inoculation (A0 - uninoculation, A1 - seedling inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum), four levels of nitrogen (N1 - 80 kg N ha-1, N2 - lOO kg N ha-1 N3 - 120 kg N ha-1 and N4 - 140 kg N ha-1) and three levels of nitrogen splitting (M1 - 1/2 + 1/2 + 0, M2 - 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 and M3 - 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/4 each at basal, tillermg and boot leaf stages, respectively) were tried in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULE BASED ON CRITICAL GROWTH STAGES AND SULPHUR APPLICATION ON GROWTH, YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF MUSTARD [Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2005) DABHI, MANISHKUMAR KHATUBHAI; PATEL, J. J.A field experiment was conduGted during rabi season of the year 2004- 05 at the College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the "Influence of irrigation schedule based on critical growth stages and sulphur application on growth, yield attributes and yield of Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] under middle Gujarat conditions". The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage, low in nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous and high in potash with pH 7.5. The treatment combinations comprised consisting of five levels of irrigation schedules viz., I1 (irrigation at branching), I2 (irrigation at branching+ flowering), I3 (irrigation at branching+ flowering +siliqua development), I4 (irrigation at branching+ flowering +siliqua development + grain filling) and I5 (0.6 IW : CPE ratio) relegated to main plot, as main plot treatment. The sub plot treatments comprised of three levels of sulphur viz.. So (control). S1 (20 kg S ha-1) and S2 (40 kg S ha-1). Thus, fifteen treatment combinations were tested in split plot design with four replications. The results indicated that the seed and stover yield as well as most of the growth and yield attributes of mustard were significantly influence due to different irrigation schedules. The results further revealed that treatment I4 (irrigation at branching+ flowering +siliqua development + grain filling) recorded significantly higher av. plant height at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, total no. of branches per plant, maturity days, total number of siliqua per plant, length of siliquae (cm), number of seeds per siliquae, seed yield per plant (g) and test weight (1000 seed weight g). Treatment I4 (irrigation at branching+ flowering +siliqua development + grain filling) recorded significantly higher seed yield (2090.08 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3729.74 kg ha-1) of mustard. The seed and stover yield increase under the same tieatment was to the tune of 27.15 and 41.23 per cent respectively over treatment I1 (irrigation at branching). The consumptive use of water was increased with increase in irrigation levels whereas, the water use efficiency and water expense efficiency were higher with decreased level of irrigations. The highest net ICBR (1: 5.52) was observed under treatment I3 (irrigation at branching+ flowering +siliqua development), followed by treatment I4 (irrigation at branching+ flowering +siliqua development + grain filling) with net ICBR of 1: 5.47. The lowest net ICBR was noticed under treatment I5 (0.6 IW : CPE ratio). Among the various levels of sulphur application of 40 kg S ha-1(S2) resulted in the maximum growth and yield attributes, yield and oil content which ultimately resulted in the highest seed yield of mustard. Application of 40 kg S ha-1(S2) secured significantly the highest seed yield (1996.06 kg ha-1). The seed yield increased under the same treatment was to the tune of 15.35 per cent over treatment So (control). Apart from this, application of 40 kg S ha-1 (82) secured the highest consumptive use of water, water expense efficiency. While, maximum water use efficiency was recorded under treatment So (control). The maximum net ICBR 1: 31.34 was obtained under treatment S1 (20 kg S ha-1). During the course of investigation, the interaction effect of irrigation schedules and sulphur application revealed that treatment combination I4S2(irrigation at branching+ flowering +siliqua development + grain filling along with the application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1) recorded significantly the highest plant height at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, total no. of branches per plant, maturity days, total no. of siliqua per plant(481.50), length of siliquae (5.69 cm), no. of seeds per siliquae (14.50), seed yield per plant (22.75 g), test weight (5.75 g), seed yield (2337.96 kg ha -i),oil content (38.90 %), and uptake of sulphur(14.46 kg ha-1). . For securing higher seed yield and net realization from Mustard crop cv. G.M-2 raised on loamy sand soils of middle Gujarat, when ample facility of irrigation, it is advisable to apply four irrigations, first common irrigation is to be applied immediately after sowing and remaining four irrigations, each of 50 mm soil depth to be scheduled at four different critical growth stages viz., irrigation at branching (40 DAS), irrigation at flowering (56 DAS), irrigation at siliqua formation (70 DAS) and irrigation at grain filling (90 DAS) with application of 40 kg S ha-1. Under limited water supply, one common irrigation immediately after sowing and second irrigation should be scheduled at branching stage (40 DAS) with application of 20 kg S ha-1 which give sufficient seed yield of mustard.ThesisItem Open Access RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDES AND NON CHEMICAL MEANS ON WEED DYNAMICS AND GROWTH OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) SEEDLINGS IN NURSERY(AAU, Anand, 2005) PATEL, PIYUSHKUMAR MAGANBHAI; PATEL, R. H.A field experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the summer kharif season of 2003-04 to study the "Relative efficiency of herbicides and non chemical means on weed dynamics and growth of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings in nursery". The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture with organic carbon (0.61 per cent), 7.80 pH and having a good drainage. The soil was medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus and high in potassium. The chilli var. S-49 was sown by broadcast method on 17th June, 2004 with the seed rate of 10 g m-2. Twelve treatments were studied during the investigation, comprising of five soil solarization (SS) treatments, rabbing. fluchloralin and pendimethalin application as pre-emergence, stale cultivation, hand weeding and weedy check. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with four replications. Characters viz., weed count, fresh as well as dry weight of weeds, chilli seed germination, periodical plant height, number of leaves, root length, transplantable (healthy) and non transplantable (weak) seedlings, their fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content in leaf of seedlings, nutrients status of soil before and after nursery and economics of different weed management treatments studied during the course of investigation. Soil solarization with 0.025 mm TPE for 45 days significandy increased soil temperature and thereby lowered the weed population i.e. weed chilli seedlings competition in chilli nursery. The maximum reduction in total weeds were recorded under hand weeding, rabbing and soil solarization with 0.025 mm TPE for 45 days. The lower fresh and dry weight of weeds were recorded in hand weeding, next in line was rabbing and soil solarization with 0.025 mm TPE for 45 days. These treatments also followed the same trend for weed control efficiency. Other weed management treatments although reduced the fresh and dry weight of weeds but the weed control efficiency was low for them. All soil solarization treatments increased the plant height, root length and number of leaves, number of transplantable, fresh and dry weight of chilli seedlings. Soil solarization with 0.025 mm TPE for 45 days yielded maximum content of chlorophyll in leaves of chilli seedlings. Rabbing increased the status of potassium in soil as compared to other treatments. All soil solarization, rabbing and hand weeding treatments increased the status of sulphur in soil. Soil solarization with 0.025 mm TPE for 45 DAS, rabbing and hand weeding at 20 DAS, were economically viable for the control of weeds and increased transplantable (healthy) seedlings.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON WEEDS AND YIELD OF WHEAT CV. GW - 496(AAU, Anand, 2005) BHARWAD, NITINKUMAR KANTIBHAI; Vadodaria, R. P.The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2003-04 at Agronomy Farm, B.A. college of agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the "Effect of weed control treatments on weeds and yield of wheat cv. GW - 496". The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium with slightly alkaline in reaction. Fourteen treatments comprising isoproturon at 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 each applied as pre-, early-post and post-emergence, pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 applied as pre-emergence, 2,4-D (ester form) at 0.75 kg ha-1 applied as post-emergence, manual weeding once (20 DAS)and twice (20 and 40 DAS) and weedy check were arranged in Randomized Block Design with four replications. All the herbicides were sprayed as per treatments using knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle in a spray volume of 5001 water ha-1. Wheat variety GW-496 at seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 was sown at a spacing of 22.5 cm on November 17, 2003 and harvested on March 13, 2004. The crop was fertilized vwth 120: 60: 40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 through diammonium phosphate, urea and muriate of potash, respectively, as per the recommendations. Growth characters like periodical plant height when recorded at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest remained unaffected by weed control treatments. However, the plant height recorded at 30 DAS significantly influenced due to weed control treatments. Significantly the lowest plant height was recorded at 30 DAS with pre-emergence application of isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ha-1 due to its phytotoxic effect on wheat crop. Two hand weedings (at 20 and 40 DAS-WB) and the post-emergence application of isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (W9) being at par but they recorded significantly the highest values of yield attributes viz., effective tillers plant-1, ear length, number of spikelets ear-1, number of grains ear-1 and test weight when compared with the rest of the weed control treatments. However, the influence of weed control treatments on number of total tillers plant-1 and initial plant stand m-1 row length was found non-significant. Significantly higher grain yield of wheat was recorded under two hand weedings (at 20 and 40 DAS), followed by isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as post-emergence. However, straw yield of wheat did not differ significantly due to weed control treatments. Harvest index was recorded significantly higher with two hand weedings (at 20 and 40 DAS), though it was remain at par with W9 and We during the course of investigation. Weed population and dry weight of weeds m-2 at 20 DAS was recorded significantly the highest with W2, W3, W5, W6, W8, W9, W11 and W14 as compared to the rest of the treatments in which herbicides were applied as pre-emergence for controlling weeds. Significantly the highest and the lowest dry weight of weeds at harvest was recorded under unweeded control as well as by W13 and W9, respectively. Latter both the treatments were on par with each other. Weed control efficiency was recorded significantly higher under two hand weedings (at 20 and 40 DAS), but it was at par with isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as postemergence. Two hand weedings (at 20 and 40 DAS) recorded the highest net returns of Rs.32634 ha-1, followed by isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as post-emergence with net returns of Rs.31792. Both these treatments secured the highest but equal values of CBR 1: 3.23. The lowest CBR of 1:2.29 was obtained under weedy check. Based on the results of field experiment, it can be concluded that for potential production and higher net returns from wheat cv. GW-496 in loamy sand soil of Middle Gujarat, the crop should be kept weed free either by two hand weedings or with isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as post-emergence application.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULES (IW : CPE RATIO) AND BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUMMER BLACKGRAM [Phaseolus mungo(L.)Hepper] UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS(AAU, Anand, 2005) GADHAVI, JITENDRA B.; PATEL, J. J.A field experiment was conducted during summer season of the year 2003 at the College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the "Influence of irrigation schedules (1W:CPE ratio) and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of summer blackgram [Phaseolus mungo (L.) Hepper] under middle Gujarat conditions". The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage, low in nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potash with pH 7.5 Twenty treatment combinations comprising four levels of irrigation schedules viz., control-irrigation at critical growth stages (lo), 0.5 IW:CPE ratio (I1), 0.7 IW:CPE ratio (b) and 0.9 IW:CPE ratio (I3) and five treatments of bio-fertilizer viz., control-no inoculation (Ro), FSB inoculation (R1), Phosphorus @ 40 kg ha-1 (R2), PSB + Phosphorus @ 40 kg ha-1 (R3) and PSB + Rhizobium inoculation (Rt) were evaluated in split plot design with four replications. The results indicated that the grain and dry fodder yield as well as most of the growth and yield attributes of summer blackgram were significantly influenced due to different irrigatipn schedules. The results further revealed that treatment I3 (0.9 IW:CPE ratio) recorded significantly higher av. plant height at 20, 40 and 60 DAS, av. number of pods per plant, av. number of grains per pod, test weight (1000- grain weight in g). Treatment I3 (0.9 IW:CPE ratio) secured the highest grain yield (1004.75 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (2366.43 kg ha-1) of summer blackgram. The grain and dry fodder yield increased under the same treatment was to the tune of 50.40 and 26.62 per cent, respectively over treatment Io (control-irrigation at critical growth stages). The consumptive use of water was increased with increase in IW:CPE ratio whereas, the water use efficiency and water expense efficiency were higher with lower IW:CPE ratio. The highest value of net realization (Rs. 13085) was recorded under treatment I3 (0.9 IW:CPE ratio), followed by treatment h (0.7 IW:CPE ratio) with net realization (Rs. 9611). The lowest value of net realization (Rs. 4034) was observed under treatment Io (control-irrigation at critical growth stages). The highest value of net ICBR (1:4.97) was observed under treatment I1 (0.5 IW:CPE ratio), followed by treatment I3 (0.9 IW:CPE ratio) with net ICBR of (1:4.45). The lowest net ICBR (1:4.11) was noticed under treatment I2 (0.7 IW:CPE ratio). Among the different treatments of bio-fertilizer, the treatment R4 (PSB + Rhizobiutn inoculation) resulted in the maximum growth and yield attributes and protein content which ultimately resulted in higher grain and dry fodder yield of summer blackgram. The treatment R4 (PSB + Rhizobium inoculation) secured significantly the highest grain yield (962.76 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (2182.88 kg ha-1). The grain and dry fodder yield increase under the same treatment was to the tune of 43.19 and 13.80 per cent respectively over treatment Ro (control-no inoculation). Significantly the highest protein content (23.98 %) was recorded due to treatment R4 (PSB + Rhizobium inoculation). Apart from this, the treatment PSB + Rhizobium inoculation (R4) secured the highest consumptive use of water, water use efficiency and water expense efficiency. The highest value of net realization (Rs. 15664) and net ICBR (1:242.67) were observed under the same treatment. During the course of investigation, interaction effect between irrigation schedules and different treatments of bio-fertilizer was not significant in respect of growth and yield attributes, yield and quality parameters of summer blackgram. For securing higher grain yield and net realization from summer blackgram crop cv. T-9 the crop should be irrigated at 0.9 IW:CPE ratio with 10 irrigations each at 50 mm depth. One common irrigation should be applied immediately after sowing, second six days after first and remaining irrigations should be applied at an interval of six to seven days. The seed should be dually inoculated with PSB and Rhizobium, each @ 2 kg ha-1 as seed treatment, for securing high grain yield and maximum net realization.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) TO FYM AND VERMICOMPOST WITH AND WITHOUT PSB AND PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) SEEMA SHARMA; Dr. R. H. PATELA field experiment was carried out at the college Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University. Anand during the Rabi season of 2004-05 to study the response of FYM and vermicompost with and without PSB and phosphorus nutrition. The soil of experimental plot was loamy sand in texture having good drainage with 7.9 pH. The soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium. Eighteen treatment combinations comprised of six bio-organics (B0 : control, B1 : FYM @ 5 t ha-1, B2 : FYM + PSB soil inoculation @ 4 kg ha-1, B3 : vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, B4 : vermicompost + PSB soil inoculation @ 4 kg ha-1, B5 : PSB @ 4 kg ha- 1) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 25 and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1) were tried in randomized block design with factorialThesisItem Open Access RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDES AND NON CHEMICAL MEANS ON WEED DYNAMICS AND GROWTH OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) SEEDLINGS IN NURSERY(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) P..M.Patel; Dr. R. H. PatelA field experiment was conducted at the College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the summer-Kharif season of 2003-04 to study the "Relative efficiency of herbicides and non chemical means on weed dynamics and growth of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings in nurseryThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF WEED CONTROL TREATMENTS ON WEEDS AND YIELD OF WHEAT CV. GW - 496(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) N.K.Bharwad; Dr. R. P. VadodariaThe field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2003-04 at Agronomy Farm, B.A. college of agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the “Effect of weed control treatments on weeds and yield of wheat cv. GW - 496”. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium with slightly alkaline in reaction.