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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access DETERMINATION OF INFRARED THERMOMETRY BASED INDICES FOR CROP WATER STATUS MONITORING IN RAINFED PEARL MILLET(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) RATIYA PUJA BHIMABHAI; Dr. M. M. LunagariaA field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2018 at Agronomy farm, near Agrometeorological observatory, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat), India to study infrared thermometry-based indices for crop water status monitoring in rainfed pearl millet. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The nine treatments composed of three dates of sowing and three cultivars were studied. Three cultivars namely, GHB 538, GHB 558 and GHB 744 were sown at onset of monsoon, after 10 days of onset of monsoon and after 20 days of onset of monsoon.ThesisItem Open Access MICROCLIMATE IN PEARL MILLET CROP UNDER DIFFERENT PLANTING GEOMETRIES(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2019) Harshkumar R. Pandya; Dr. M. M. LunagariaA field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2018 at Agronomy farm, near Agrometeorological observatory, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat to study microclimate in pearl millet crop under different planting geometries. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six replications and four treatments. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured using a Line quantum sensor (Li-Cor Inc., USA). Vertical PAR profile was measured weekly by positioning the sensor 2 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm heights during 1220 h to 1300 h. Daytime PAR pattern was observed fortnightly by measurements at 800 h, 1100 h, 1400 h and at 1700 h. Air temperature and relative humidity were measured using Assaman psychrometer. They were measured at 2 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm heights during 1220 h to 1300h. Daytime air temperature and humidity patterns were measured fortnightly at 800 h, 1100 h, 1400 h and 1700 h.ThesisItem Open Access SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN MICROCLIMATE OVER CAPSICUM UNDER OPEN VENTILATED GREENHOUSE(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY B. A. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2018) Chauhan Kalyansinh Kiransinh; Dr. M. M. LunagariaThis experiment was conducted under open ventilated greenhouse at Horticulture farm of Department of Horticulture, BACA, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat during October 2017 to March 2018. The microclimatic condition was observed at 4.75 meter interval ground area in 4×3 regular grids. Air temperature, relative humidity and soil temperature were recorded at 0930 h to 1000 h and PAR were measured at 1240 h to 1250 h inside the greenhouse and open condition. The day time observation was recorded at 0930, 1240 h and 1530 h at 15 days of interval inside the greenhouse and open condition. The parameters profiles within canopy were also observed at 15 days interval.ThesisItem Open Access RADIATION REGIME OVER ROW ORIENTATION IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)(AAU, Anand, 2004) LUNAGARIYA, MANOJKUMAR MAVJIBHAI; Shekh, A. M.A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2003-2004 at Anand. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design with the two dates of sowing as main plot and four treatment combinations of two row orientation and two row spacing as sub-plots, replicated four times. The objective was to study solar radiation regime with respect to the row orientation, row spacing and leaf geometrical parameters for Wheat crop (cv. GW- 496). The experiment was planned with the objectives to determine the influence of the treatments on the RUE, Extinction Coefficient (k), Direct beam radiation interception, soil surface temperature and soil moisture lost/evapotranspiration (as influenced by radiation penetration between rows). Comparison of the season encountered by the crop during the experimental period with that normally found in the region was made by comparing the seasonal values of different weather parameters with their normal for Anand. The nonsignificant differences in respect of each of the weather parameters established that the experimental season was identical to the normal one. Hence these results could be applicable to any normal wheat growing season around Anand region. The experimental findings obtained during the course of the present investigation revealed that the highest interception was recorded during the morning hours and there was negligible difference among the treatments in this respect. The difference in the interception was higher during noon time and narrow NS rows intercepted higher PAR (0.92). Wide NS rows and wide EW rows had higher solar radiation interception than that narrow EW rows at noon hours. The seasonal average of the fraction F indicated more or less identical results that representing different treatments, narrow NS oriented row had highest F value i.e.0.86 and while in narrow EW rows had the poorest value (0.77). There was low RUE in early growth stages because more solar energy was used up being incident on the soil surface rather than on the plants due to inadequate development of plant canopy. The RUE showed maximum value at booting stage. There was no significant difference in the RUE among the treatments and also among interactions. The difference in the RUE was found negligible. Slightly high RUE was found in the widely spaced EW rows during in second sowing (i.e.2.07 g MJm-2) as compared to the general mean (i.e.2.01 g MJm-2). The lowest RUE was observed in wider NW rows (i.e. 1.96 g MJm-2 and 1.97 g MJm-2 for respective sowing times). There was no statistically significant difference among HI values corresponding to different treatments revealed that there was no difference in fraction of radiant energy used for grain biomass. High averaged LAI was recorded in narrow NS rows during both sowing dates (3.26 and 3.7, in respective sowing dates). Wide NS rows (2.67 and 3.38, in respective sowing dates) succeeded this treatment. The EW rows produced lower LAI. The NS rows (narrow and wide) did not show much fluctuation in the values of k (extinction coefficient), while EW rows (narrow and wide) showed comparatively more fluctuations, indicating the changes in canopy structure. The average value of leaf orientation over the entire study indicated that leaves usually preferred N (16.6 %), S (16.1%) and W (13.2%) direction. General results showed the leaves were randomly oriented with different times. The seasonal average of direct beam interception fraction (I/I0) indicated that the in general, highest direct beam interception occurred on the first leaf and lowest on the second leaf while third leaf had intermediate direct beam interception. Maximum average interception fraction was 0.63 over the third leaf and minimum (0.22) over second leaf of the wider NS rows during second sowing. While, in case of the narrow NS rows of the first sowing, second leaf had high interception with 0.61 fraction, first leaf had value 0.24 and third leaf had fraction 0.41. Except these two. values for NS oriented treatments the leaves of the other treatments showed intermediate direct beam interception fraction ranging from 0.31 to 0.51 over the entire season. Soil surface temperature was observed to be slightly high at morning hours (1000 h) in the wider EW rows during both the sowings. Those for narrow EW rows followed these values. During noon time (1300 h), wide NS rows had higher soil surface temperature than respectively that for other treatments. In afternoon, the soil surface temperature did not show much difference among treatments. The difference in the temperature was considered as the function of the radiation penetration in the rows. Wide NS rows had higher evapotranspiration, in general after early growth period. Other treatments showed no distinct pattern in this respect. The moisture loss pattern had almost parallel trends for narrow and wide rows in particular orientation. This indicated that there was influence of spacing on evapotranspiration. The results revealed that NS rows and wider spacing had high radiation penetration.ThesisItem Open Access HEAT UNIT REQUIREMENT AND VALIDATION OF INFOCROP MODEL FOR Bt- COTTON IN MIDDLE GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC REGION(AAU, Anand, 2014) Tak, Vibha; Pandey, VyasCotton [Gossypium hirsutum.) is one of the important fibre crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of World. It being long duration its response to yield varies with variety and sowing time. It is raised in fchanf supplemental irrigation facilities are available. Bt-cotton is now being grown in most parts of Gujarat. Since the effect of weather on crop yield is complex, it needs deeper and clear understanding of climatic factors affecting the growth and yield of cotton. A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of the year 2012 at Agronomy farm of B. A. College of Agriculture. In a split plot design with two Bt-cotton cultivars viz., Vikram-5 (Vi) and RCH-2 (V2) as a main plot treatment and three dates of sowing 25th May (Di), 10th J u n e (D2)and 25th June (D3) as sub-plot treatment with four replications. Three dates of sowing provided three different environment in terms of thermal and moisture regimes. The results indicated that the total crop duration varied with the dates of sowing. The crop life period was found to be shortened with delay in sowing, more pronounced being in cultivar Vikram-5. The seed cotton yield as well as total biomass yield of cotton as influenced by different treatments showed that the first date of sowing (Di) had produced significantly higher seed cotton yield as well as total biomass. A similar trend was also found in the yield attributing characters viz.,, plant height and number of boll per plant. Yield and yield attributes characters were found to decrease with delayed sowing. There was no significant difference between the varieties, though RCH-2 yield higher than Vikram-5. The results obtained during the course of study revealed that the different agrometeorological indices had played a significant role in deciding the growth and yield of cotton. The agrometeorological indices were found to affect the crop growth, development and yield differently in different phenophases during its growing period. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) utilized by two cultivars of cotton to attain the maturity differed with three dates of sowing. The helio thermal unit (HTU) and photo thermal unit (PTU) were found to have similar effect as that of GDD. The heat use efficiency of Btcotton was also found maximum under 25th May sown crop and it decreased with delay in sowing. Correlation studies revealed that agrometeorological indices had highly significant positive association indices. The InfoCrop model was tested and validated for two cultivars of Bt-cotton {Gossypium hirsutum). Using the observed data sets of the cotton crop, the model was calibrated for genetic coefficients of two cultivars viz., Vikram-5 and RCH-2. Model showed its capability to predict phenology, maximum LAI, biomass and seed cotton yield of Btcotton. The simulated values were found to be very close to the observed data. The model performance was adjudged using various statistical parameters viz., mean absolute error (MAE), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and percent error (PE). The results showed that these values were within the acceptable limit. The seed cotton yield, biomass yield and maximum LAI were predicted accurately by the model with percent error of less than ±5 %. The results indicated that under biotic stress-free simulations, the InfoCrop model can be used to predict cotton 5deld under different environments for two cultivars of Bt-cotton.ThesisItem Open Access CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIP OF ONION (Allium cepa L.)(AAU, Anand, 2001) CHAUHAN, VIKRAM SINGH; Savani, M. B.An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of the year 1998-99 at Anand to study the crop weather relationship of onion. The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The treatments were three dates of transplanting, two plant spacing and three irrigation levels. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, fresh, weight of bulb, bulb diameter, total soluble solids (TSS) and bulb yield increased with earlier transplanting and bolting, doubling decreased with late transplanting and bulb dry weight was increased with late transplanting of the crop. Plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of bulb, bulb diameter, TSS and bulb dry weight were higher with wider spacing whereas bolting, doubling and neck diameter decreased with closer spacing and bulb yield was increased with narrow spacing of the crop. Higher IW/CPE ratio increased plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of bulb, bulb diameter, TSS bulb dry weight and bulb yield whereas lower IW/CPE ratio decreased bolting, doubling and neck diameter of the bulb. The crop required nearly 2270 GDD, 22000 PTU, 13600 HTU and 500 mm of water. Water use efficiency varied with the variation in the irrigation regimes and ranged between 30.25 Kg ha-1 mm-1 and 169.57 Kg ha-1 mm-1.ThesisItem Open Access “DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL FOR SIMULATING HOURLY POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM DAILY DATA(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2014) Vasani M.J.; Dr. Vyas PandeyPotential evapotranspiration (PET) is an important agrometeorological parameter which has been used for different purposes viz. water balance study, computing crop water requirement, irrigation scheduling, climatic classification, etc. This types of activity are carried out by computing actual water requirement of crop on daily basis by using the different weather parameters that affect it.ThesisItem Open Access CROP-WEATHER RELATIONSHIP OF RABI MAIZE (Zea mays L.) GM-3 IN DIFFERENT METHODS OF SCHEDULING OF IRRIGATION UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITION(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2005) Ambarish Paikaray; Dr. M.B. SavaniA field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2002-2003 at Anand. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with the four irrigation scheduling as main plots and five treatment combinations of level of nitrogen doses as sub-plots. The objective was to study the crop-weather relationship and energy use efficiencies for rabi-maize (cv. GM-3). The experiment was planned with the objectives to determine the influence of the treatments on the RUE, Extinction Coefficient (K), soil surface temperature and soil moisture lost/evapotranspirationThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIP AND EVALUATION OF THE CERES – PEARL MILLET MODEL UNDER RAINFED CONDITION AT ANAND(Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2006) V.R.Parmar; Dr. VYAS PANDEYPearl millet is an important cereal crop of rainfed area of India. The cultivar of the pearl millet crop has been found to be highly remunerative under kharif season and hence gaining popularity among the cereal - growing farmers of Gujarat state. Crops require certain cardinal levels of various factor of environment like air temperature, intensity and duration of radiation, humidity of air and soil moisture etc. for optimum physiological functioning. Since, the effects of weather on grain yield and fodder yield are complex. It will need the deeper and clear understanding of the climatic factors affecting the growth and yield of pearl millet. The field experiment during kharif season of year 2004 was laid out in a split plot design with four replications. The three dates of sowings were assigned as main plot treatment, four spacings as sub plot treatments.
