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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access CROP WEATHER RELATIONSHIPS AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF Helicoverpa armigera IN TWO PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan L.) CULTIVARS IN MIDDLE GUJARAT AGROCLIMATIC REGION(AAU, Anand, 1996) RAVIPATI, MAHENDRA KUMAR; Savani, M. B.Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan L.) is one of the major grain legume crop in tropical and sub - tropical regions of India and grown mainly as rainfed crop. The crop is characterised as drought resistant and the productivity is different in different environments. Since the effects of weather on yield are complex, the deep and clear understanding of the effect of weather parameters on the growth and development of pigeonpea is necessary. An experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of the, year 1994 at Anand to study the crop-weather relationship and crop-weather-pest dynamics in two cvs.BDN-2 and GT-100 of pigeonpea. The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The treatments comprised of two irrigation levels, two plant protection levels, two varieties, and three dates of sowing. The results obtained during the course of investigation revealed that weather played significant role in growth, development and yield of pigeonpea. The variations in days taken to complete the different phenophases among the different dates of sowing were attributed due to the variations in temperature and photoperiod. The number of days required for the completion of any phenophase was declined with increase in the temperature and photoperiod. The yield and yield attributes were significantly influenced by irrigation and dates of sowing. The grain yield, biomass, and number of pods per plant were observed more in D1 than in D2, and D3. Grain yield, biomass, and number of pods per plant declined with the application of irrigation. The irrigated crop puts up more biomass initially but it was declined considerably than in unirrigated crop in the later phases due to heavy attack of the larvae of Helicoverpa. The different agrometeorological indices like GDD, PTU and HTU has positive and significant correlation with days taken for the completion of the different phenopases, eccept for the phenophase P4. The thermal time (GDD) has highly significant correlations with days taken for different phenophases. Functional relations were developed to predict the number of days required for different phenophases in both the cultivars BDN-2 and GT-100. The leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were found to be influenced by irrigation and sowing time. The crop sown in D1 maintained more LAI and CGR in both the cultivars, compared to D2 and D3, The decline in the values of LAI and CGR during flowering phase in both the cultivars was due to heavy infestation of Helicoverpa. The radiation use efficiency (RUE), on seasonal basis was found to be high in rainfed crop compared to irrigated crop. The RUE was high in D1 sown crop, and was declined in the delayed sowings. The RUE was found high in cv.GT-100 compared to cv.BDN-2. Functional relations were developed to estimate the near surface soil moisture content under developing conopics of pigeonpea using remotely sensed canopy and air temperatures, and the LAI. A linear relationship was observed between evapotranspiration and canopy-air temperature differential. The relation was found closely related, when the variations due to energy load was accounted. The populations of the eggs and larvae of the Helicoverpa were found to be highest in first date of sowing (D1) both at 50% flowering and 50% podding phases compared to D2 and D3. The cultivar GT-100 was found more succeptible to Helicoverpa due to the early flowering character than cv.BDN- 2. The larval population of Helicoverpa in pigeonpea was found significantly correlated with air temperature, vapour pressure and pan evaporation.ThesisItem Open Access SOLAR RADIATION, PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION AND THERMAL TIME RELATIONSHIP WITH CROP GROWTH IN SUMMER GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)(AAU, Anand, 1989) GAJJAR, R. B.; Shekh, A. M.A field experiment with two dates of sowing (D1-2nd January and D2 - 5th February), two varieties (V1- Robut 3 and V2- GAUG-2) and three irrigation levels (I1- irrigatic at 10 days interval, I2-irrigation at 15 days interval a I3-when Tc-Ta = ± 0.5°C) was conducted during the summer season of the year 1989 with objectives of (i) determining the relationship between solar radiation, PAR, LAI, DM and days after sowing in groundnut crop, (ii) relating the PAR attenuation to dry matter production and (iii) studying tin phenological behaviour and thermal requirement of groundnu cultivars with two dates of sowing. The study revealed that pod yields and fodder yield were at par with plots irrigated at 10 days interval and when Tc-Ta = ± 0.5°C. Both the cultivars yielded higher po yield when planted on 5th February. However, cv. Robut 33- had higher pod yield than GAUG-2.LAI and DM increased wit days after sowing at a linear rate^ The mean air temperature of 25.5°C during the flowering initiation in both the cultivars during both the plantings seems to have favoured higher pod and fodder yleids. Flowering began from 4 to 5 weeks after planting. Nine to ten hours of photoperiod at the time of peg Initiation was observed for both planting dates of cultlvars.ThesisItem Open Access SOLAR RADIATION, PAR AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY IN RELATION TO GORWTH AND YIELD OF PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) BASED DIFFERENT INTERCROPS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERTILIZER(AAU, Anand, 1989) PATEL, H. R.; Mehta, A. N.A field experiment with twenty eight different treatments was conducted in collaboration with Agronomy Department at Anand during the kharif season of the year 1987-88 with the broad-based objectives of evaluating the role of intercepted PAR in the most suitable companion intercrop, assessment of economics of fertilizer use under different intercropping systems and to determine growth, light use efficiency, attenuation of PAR and yield stability of different intercrops in pigeonpea based intercropping system in Middle Gujarat conditions. The statistical analysis on the data of grain yield of pigeonpea and pigeonpea equivalent revealed that different cropping systems had significant effect on grain yield. Intercropping with soybean, groundnut, cowpea, blackgram and greengram did affect pigeonpea yield in comparison to solid stand of pigeonpea, while pearlmillet competed with pigeonpea owing to being a C-4 type and reduced the pigeonpea grain yield. Pigeonpea equivalent grain yield analysis also revealed that pearlmillet, groundnut, cowpea, greengram, soybean and blackgram intercrops appears to be most remunerative with pigeonpea. For yield stability of both the component crops in terms of grain yield, the order of intercrops viz., pigeonpea + groundnut, pigeonpea + cowpea, pigeonpea + greengram and pigeonpea + blackgram is preferred, while for in terms of gross return (Rs/ha ), the same 6rder is found suitable for intercropping. In a solid stand of pigeonpea, due to absence of companion crop, LAI peak occurred earlier (85 DAS). But for intercropped pigeonpea, LAI peak attained in latter part of reproductive stage and seems to have resulted higher rate of assimilates and partitioned for higher pigeonpea grain yield except for pigeonpea + pearlmillet cropping system. Different cropping systems, growing periods and their interaction had a significant effect on absorption coefficient of PAR light interception for pigeonpea. Per cent interception dropped after 155 DAS for pigeonpea sole, while except pigeonpea + pearlmillet rest of the cropping systems achieved higher per cent PAR interception during reproductive stage and benefited for partitioning higher grain formation for intercropped pigeonpea. The periodic photosynthetic conversion efficiency (DM produced per unit of intercepted PAR (kg ha-1 /MJM-2 ) for intercropped pigeonpea observed more or less suppressed in early stage and after harvest of intercrop, the conversion efficiency of intercropped pigeonpea was highly accelerated with canopy development which seems to have contributed for partitioning higher grain formation compared to sole stand of pigeonpea, except pigeonpea + pearlmillet system. The conversion efficiency of sole pigeonpea, during reproductive stage remained more or less constant, resulted in highest straw and lower grain formation. Looking to the overall conversion efficiency of both the component crops, except pigeonpea + pearlmillet and pigeonpea + soybean, rest of the cropping systems found superior.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF CROP WATER STRESS IN WHEAT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO YIELD(AAU, Anand, 1986) SAILAJA, DEVI. T; Mehta, A. N.A field experiment with six different irrigation treatments was conducted during the rabi season of the year 1985-86 with the broad-based objectives of evaluating the foasibility of using canopy temperature as an indicator of crop water stress of wheat experiencing different stressed conditions by studying the relationship between canopy temperature and evapotranspiration and comparing the performance of the stress indices namely “Stress Degree Day (SDD) and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI)” in relation to the yield of wheat in Anand conditions.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUSTARD (Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern & Coss) IN RELATION TO HEAT UNITS(AAU, Anand, 1985) PATEL, JASHUBHAI G.; Mehta, A. N.A study was undertaken to re-examine experiments already carried out at three different research stations of Gujarat Agricultural University viz., Anand (1976-77), Jagudan (1977-78) and Gardar Krushinagar (1979-80 and 1980-81) in Randomized block design, with a broad-based objective of ascertaining meteorologically the appropriate sowing date for mustard (Varuna) for the region and also to predict crop yield in relation to meteorological parameters. The treatments were different dates of sowing viz., October 10, October 25, November 9, November 24, December 9 and December 24 at Anand, October 15, October 25, November 4, November 14 and November 24 at Jagudan and October 5, October 15, October 25, November 4, November 14 and November 24 at Sardar Krushinagar.The optimum yield in kilograms per hectare were obtained for October 25 date of sowing at all the research stations.ThesisItem Open Access EVAPOTRANSPIRATION STUDIES ON A BIDI TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) FIELD AT ANAND(AAU, Anand, 1984) BADAWE, SATISH C.; MISTRY, P. D.A field experiment was conducted over the bidi tobacco crop for the two growing seaaons in the years 1980-81 and 1981-82 for studying the water utilisation pattern of crop, ascertaining use of lysimetears in respect of their utility in crop water use studies and a comparative the study of the ET losses measured by gravimetric soil moisture measurements (ETG), the lysimetric ET losses (ETL) and the estimated ones by using the modified Penman approach (Doorenbos and Pruitt, 1975) (ETp). The studies on water utilization patterns of the bidi tobacoo crop indicated that in both the years of study the per day losses of water reduced from the initial rates, for a short period and then shooted to the highest ET rate which occurred at the period when the crop had reached the topping phase. Later on the ET rates fell and subsequently declined upto the end of the seasons.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF YIELD OF PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) IN RELATION TO HEAT UNITS(AAU, Anand, 1989) NIHALANI, ASHOK L.; Mehta, A. N.A study was undertaken to re-examine experiments already carried out in kharif seasons at three different research stations of Gujarat Agricultural University viz., Navsari, Bharuch and Vadodara with a broad based objective of ascertaining meteorologically the appropriate sowing date for the region and also to predict crop yield in relation to meteorological parameters. The study revealed that the total growing days (GDD) and energy degree units (EDU) were found to decrease as the sowing date was delayed. Moreover the crop yields were also found to decrease as the GDD and EDU decreased with the delay of the sowing date at all the locations. This type of trend was also found in the phases viz., secondary branches to flower bud initiation (III), flower bud initiation to 50 per cent flowering (IV) and 50 per cent flowering to 50 per cent podding (V), respectively. The significant correlations between heat indices and crop yield were obtained in the phases III, IV and V which cover the entire flowering period of the crop for Navsari and Vadodara. No significance was found for Bharuch location.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON WATER BALANCE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN AGRICULTURE IN YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC(AAU, Anand, 1985) SAEED, ABKER N.; MISTRY, P. D.An attempt has been made through the agroclimatic approach (water balance technique) to know the soil moisture status of various regions of the Yemen Arab Republic to provide basis for crop planning in different seasons and areas under the rainfed conditions of the country. The monthly and yearly water balances were worked out according to Thornthwaite (1955) procedure for 10 stations viz., Alzohra, Amran, Dhamar, Gumesha, Hodeidah, Marib, Mokha, Sana’s, Tais and Wadi Zabid for a period ranging from 2 years to 12 years. Also weekly water balances were worked out for 3 stations viz., Hodeidah, Sana’s and Tais for a period ranging from 3 years to 5 years.ThesisItem Open Access GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum Linn.) IN RELATION TO WEATHER PARAMETERS(AAU, Anand, 1996) Rao, Gattineni Srinivasa; SAVANI, M. B.Chickpea or Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum Linn.) is one of the most important pulse crops in India. The crop is grown in the semi-arid tropical areas of India as a winter crop on stored soil moisture from the preceding rainy season. The crop is characterized as drought tolerant and the productivity is different in different environments. Many of the crop management practices developed have focused the water management aspects, neglecting the importance of energy interception and its efficiency. An experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm of the B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus, Anand during rabi season of 1994-95, on chickpea cv. ICCC-4 on the loamy sand soil with three dates of sowing and two pest control measures with Latin Square Design. The results obtained in this investigation revealed that the air temperature had profound influence on the growth and development of the chickpea crop. The differences in the total biomass per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield per hectare among all the treatments were significant. The number of days taken for completion of the emergence phase was negatively and significantly correlated with mean values of pan evaporation and air temperature.. Significant positive correlations were observed for the minimum air temperature, morning and afternoon vapour pressures, and morning and afternoon relative humidities, with days taken for the completion of vegetative phase. The duration of pod setting phase was found to be significantly and positively correlated with sunshine duration (BSS), pan evaporation, wind speed but negatively correlated with both the morning and afternoon relative humidities. BSS had negative association with number of days taken for completion of the pod filling phase. During the maturing phase, most of the weather parameters were found to have significant association with the number of days taken for its completion.