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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access ROLE OF AVIAN PREDATORS, OTHER BIOAGENTS AND CUTTING MANAGEMENT IN CONTROL OF LUCERNE (MEDICAGO SATIVA LINNAEUS.) PESTS & BREEDING BIOLOGY OF BRAHMINY MYNA STURNUS PAGODARUM GMELIN(AAU, Anand, 1991) Patel, J. R.; Parasharya, B. M.Studies on role of predators, other bioagents and cutting management in control of lucerne pests and breeding biology of one of the chief predatory species Sturnus Pagodarum Gmelin were carried out at Anand Campus of Gujarat Agricultural University, during 1990-91. The mean number Heliothis larval population was non-significant between T1 and T2. But population was minimum in T2 as compared to T1 at the time of harvesting. The green fodder was higher in T1 than T2. The Heliothis egg density varied throughout the year. Higher egg density in winter was attributed to both low maximum and minimum temperature and low % RH (Av.). While in summer, low egg density was due to high maximum °C temperature, whereas larval population remained constant throughout the year.ThesisItem Open Access FOOD HABIT AND MORPHOMETRICS OF THE ROSERINGED PARAKEET PSITTACULA KRAMERI SCOPOLI(AAU, Anand, 1991) Soni, Ashokkumar Champaklal; Parasharya, B. M.Studies on food habit of the Roseringed Parakeet psittacula krameri Scopoli based on the gut content analysis of adult parakeet regurgitate analysis of nestling food and food preference of the parakeet among some wild as well as cultivated and among both the groups (24 h and 1 h exposure) in captivity and morphometrics were carried out at Anand Campus of Gujarat Agricultural University during 1989 and 1990. The diet of nestling comprised of almost the same components as in adult diet. Occurrence of sunflower and radish in nestling diet was the effect of study area. The relative proportion of bark in the nestling diet was more than that in adult diet. Manila Tamarind was also one of the major constituent of nestling diet during both the years. Parakeets exploited a wide variety of plant flora, both the cultivated and wild species largely depredating on seeds. However, tree bark leaf pieces and anthers of maize were non-seed materials. Cereals was the major group of the parakeets diet. Occurrence of almost all the materials was strictly confined to their availability in the field. However, the parakeet fed on leat over paddy in the field after harvest, sorghum and pearl millet occurred in the diet for considerable part of the year which was because of year round cultivation of fodder sorghum and biseasonal cultivation of pearl millet over extensive area. Occurrence of wheat was restricted only to the period of its availability. Low availability of maize, chickpea and pigeonpea was reflected in the diet. Peanut and sesamum occurred in their diet in considerable quantity during the period of their availability. No farmer in this area cultivates sunflower though it has occurred in its diet indicating positive preference for sunflower. Besides Manila Tamarind, neem, babul and khirni appreciably contributed to the parakeet diet during their fruiting seasons. Other eight wild plants were recovered from parakeets gut. The occurrence of tree bark in low quantity was also consistent whereas grit occurred irregularly in 6.74% of the guts. Parakeets had the highest preference for sorghum among some wild and cultivated plants tested. The daily average consumption of the parakeet ranged from 22.5 to 25.0 g in the captivity. Sexual dimorphism in the parakeet was evident from the study. Males are larger in body size than females. Neither physical measurements nor colour of the lower mandible were found to be of any help in separating the two subspecies. In this situation it was suggested not to subdivide the species into sub-species. Key words : Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Scopoli, manillensis/ borealis, Food habit, Morphometrics.ThesisItem Open Access BIO-EFFICACY OF VARIOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Spodoptera litura Fabr. AND Achaea Janata Linn.(AAU, Anand, 1991) Patel, V. B.; Patel, J. R.Studies were carried out on bio-efficacy of various botanical materials against eggs and larvae of Spodoptra litura F. and Achaea janata L. alone and in combinations in the laboratory during 1990-91. The botanical materials which were found effective against these pests in the laboratory were tested for their bioefficacy against jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida on castor along with other plant and animal origin insecticides. Five per cent leaves extract suspensions of ardusa, Alianthus excelsa Roxb., yellow flower karen, Nerium indieurn Mill., and matsyagandhati, Gynandropsis pentaphylla L. showed good ovicidal properties against the eggs of castor leaf eating caterpillar, S. litura F. The leaves extract mixture of fudina, Mentha piperata L. with lantana Lantana camara L. in a proportion of 3:2 showed higher ovicidal property than their individual potentiality. Neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed kernels paste suspension (5%) and leaves extract suspension (5%) showed high antifeedant property against the larvae of S.litura. They were followed by leaves extracts of pink flower karen, ardusa, lantana and ardusi, Adhatoda yasica Nees, but they were proved more effective than tulsi, Ocimum sanctum L. eucalyptus. Eucalyptus globulus Labill, fudina and damra, Ocimum basillicum L. Damra leaves extract suspension (5%) affected theemergence of imago. Neem seed kernels paste suspension (5%) was found superior to the mixture of neem seed kernels paste suspension with leaves extracts of fudina, ardusa, ardusi, lantana in proportion of 3:2 by giving quick and higher larval mortality of S. litura. Five per cent leaves extract suspensions of lantana, fudina, ardusa, raatsyagandhati, kadva giloda, Coccinia indica W & A and fruit extract of kadva giloda showed good ovicidal property against the eggs of Achaea Janata. None of the mixtures of plant materials could give higher egg mortality in comparison to their individual potentiality. Cent per cent larval mortality of A.janata was obtained with 5 % neem seed kernels paste and leaves extract suspensions. Among the mixtures, neem seed kernels were found more effective than neem leaves when mixed with leaves extract of damra, ardusa and pink flower karen in proportion of 3:2. Karanj seed kernels and leaves of yellow flower karen, akda, pink flower karen, fudina and ardusa showed equal larvicidal properties against A.janata L. Whereas, the leaves of neem, fudina, damara, ardusa and mahua seed kernels were found more effective against young larvae of A.janata. From this study it can be concluded that ardusa (5% ) , matsyagandhati (5%), mixtures of yellow flower karen (3%) with matsyagandhati (2%), fudina (3%) with lantana (2%) leaves extract suspension can be sprayed on a host crop of S. litura especially in a tobacco nursery. Ardusa and matsyagandhati leaves extract suspension can also be use due to their good ovicidal property against A.janata infesting castor.Five spray applications of repelin (1%) orneemark (0.5%) at weekly interval effectively prevented the population build up of castor jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttua Ishida.ThesisItem Open Access BIO-EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PLANT MATERIALS AS GRAIN PROTECTANTS AND VARIETAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AGAINST Rhizopertha dominica Fabricus INFESTING STORED WHEAT Triticum aestivum L.(AAU, Anand, 1991) Patel, Kalpeshkumar P.; Valand, V. M.With view to have informations on relative bioefficacy of various plant materials, persistance and toxicity of screened out effective plant materials and varietal resistance to ten wheat varieties against Rhizopertha dominica Fab. , laboratory experiments were conducted during 1990-91. Among various plant materials studied for their relative bio-efficacy against R. dominica infesting stored wheat, the powders of Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) seeds and Mentha oiperita, (mint) leaves @ S parts per- 100 parts of wheat grains gave cent per cent adult mortality after 7 days of treatment and also showed good ovipositional deterrent property till 96 days of storage period. Moreover no population build up and grain damage was observed till 96 days of storage period. Whereas, Azadirachta .indicia A. Juss (neem) seeds kernel powder, Sapindus laurifolius Vahl. (soapnut) shells powder and Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) rhizomes powder (2 per cent) gave maximum protection for a period 64 days. All these plant materials did not show any adverse effect on the germination of wheat seeds. Further, it was found that powders of custard apple seeds (0. 5 per cent), mint leaves (0.5 per cent) and neem seeds kernel (4 per cent) gave maximum protection to the treated wheat grains for a storage period of 96 days against R. dominica. The oviposition by lesser grain borer, R. dominica on wheat variety A-206 and G.W-1 was less than other wheat varieties. Heavy oviposition was recorded in Lok-1 variety, none of wheat varieties showed resistance to R. dominica . Further, it was also observed that R. dominica took more time for its development in A-206 and G.W.-1. No influence on developmental period was observed on adults emergence and susceptibility index. No significant correlation was observed between the physical characteristics of wheat grain and level of susceptibility to R. dominica.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF INTERCROPPING MARIGOLD ON THE POPULATION OF HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA Hubner AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES IN SEED CROP OF TOBACCO AND TOMATO(AAU, Anand, 1991) Patel, Rajesh K.; YADAV, D. N.Effect of intercropping marigold on the infestation of Heliothis armigera Hubner and its natural enemies in seed crop of tobacco and tomato was studied during 1990-91 season at the Anand Campus of Gujarat Agricultural University. H.armigera Hubner preferred marigold to tobacco for oviposition. Opened flowers were preferred over buds. Disc-floret type of flowers received greater number of eggs, than ray-floret type. In tobacco, buds are preferred for oviposition. Different combinations of marigold viz., 1 row of marigold and 1 row of tobacco, 1 row of marigold and 2 rows of tobacco, 1 row of marigold and 3 rows of tobacco, 2 rows of marigold and 2 rows of tobacco, 2 rows of marigold and 1 rows of tobacco, 2 rows of marigold and 6 rows of tobacco and random i.e. growing marigold (3 10% plants,were effective in attracting Heliothis moths to lay significantly greater number of eggs than tobacco. Similarly, these combinations were effective in reducing larval infestation of Heliothis except in 1 : 1 and 1 : 2. Heliothis laid significantly higher number of eggs in the third and fourth week of November suggesting that temperature 17.3 to 30.4°C and 80% RH were conducive for oviposition. Similarly significantly higher number of larvae were found during first and second week of December and second week of January. Temperatures ranging from 11.8 to 27.3°C and 80.5% RH appear to favour the development of the Iarvae. Data on capsule damage showed that lowest damage was observed in 2 : 4 combination followed by 2 : 6, 1 : 3, 1 : 2, randomly grown marigold, 1 : 1, tobacco distant control and 2 : 2. Highest seed yield was recorded in 2 : 6 combination (1351.12 kg/ha). Intercropping marigold did not affect the activity of the mirid predator, Nesidiocoris tenius R. It helped in the occurrence of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to a little extent. It was also found reducing root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica population to some extent. Disc floret marigold were more often visited by honey bee. Apisindica (3.37 bees/plant) as compared to ray floret (0.14 bees/plant). Further yellow disc floret attracted more number of bees/plant. Studies in tomato revealed that, tomato in presence of marigold received significantly lesser number of eggs than control. Consequently significantly lesser number of larvae were observed in experiments) tomato. On the other hand, control plot had higher larval count.ThesisItem Open Access ESTIMATION OF AVOIDABLE LOSSES DUE TO PESTS IN VARIOUS BHENDI VARIETIES(AAU, Anand, 1991) SOJITRA, ILESH R.; PATEL, J. R.Studies were carried out to estimate the avoidable losses due to pests in various varieties of bhendi and bio-efficacy of readily available botanical insecticide formulations against pest complex of bhendi during 1989-90 and 1990-91. The unprotected Punjab-7 had comparatively low jassid, Amerasca biguttuIa biguttuIa Ishida population during summer as well as kharif. This variety also gave comparatively higher benefit of monocrotophos 0.036% and endosulfan 0.035% emulsion spray by reducing the jassid population in both the season. Ail the bhendi varieties gave better response to Insecticides in kharif than summer. Similarly, shoots of unprotected Parbhani Kranti and shoots as well as fruits of Punjab Padmini were least damaged by Earias vit tella Fab. in both the seasons cultivation. Pusa SawanI had maximum damage of E. vittella in shoots as well as fruits during summer and kharif cultivation. Selection-2 and Pusa Sawani cultivated in kharif had comparatively higher protection with insecticides as compared to summer. All the bhendi varieties cultivated in kharif had a benefit of plant protection in preventing the yellow vein mosaic disease. However, Selection-2 had highest reduction in disease incidence with plant protection measures. In both the seasons, low incidence of this disease was recorded on varieties Parbhani Kranti and Selection-2. Parbhani Kranti was found as least susceptible bhendi variety to root-knot nematode, Mel oidogyne spp. Parbhani Kranti and COH-2 in summer and Gujarat Okra-I and Punjab-7 in kharif, gave good response to insecticides and yielded higher quantity of marketable fruits. The unprotected GOH-2 gave higher yield of marketable fruits as compared to rest of the varieties in both the seasons. GOH-2, GOH-3, Pusa Sawani and Selection-2 performed consistently with low difference in avoidable losses in yield during both the seasons. Padra-18-6, GOH-I and Punjab Padmini showed more seasonal effect with higher need of plant protection in kharif than summer. While Pusa Sawani, Daftari and COH-3 showed the need of plant protection umbrella to have higher yield in both the seasons. All the plant origin insecticide formulations showed good ovipositionaI deterrent effect on E. vittela. Repelin 1% and neemark 1% were effective against jassid, A. biguttula biguttula and checked the population build up. These two botanicals were found as much effective as monocrotophos 0.036% on bhendi in reducingthe shoot damage by E. vittella. The mixture of repelin 1% and monocrotophos 0.036% sprayed twice at ETL 5% fruit damage effectively protected the fruits from the damage of IE. vittella. Crop sprayed with repelin 1% gave as much marketable fruits as monocrotophos. Need based three applications of mixture of repelin 1% and monocrotophos 0.036% effectively reduced the infestation of pests and gave higher marketable fruit yield as compared to other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access BOTANICAL MATERIALS AS PROTECTANT OF GREEN GRAM Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek AGAINST PULSE BEETLE Callosobruchus analis Fabricus(AAU, Anand, 1991) Juneja, Rajkumar P.; Patel, J. R.With a view to have informations on varietal resistance in three green gram Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and four cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. varietes, development on milled green gram (dal) , relative bioefficacy of various botanical materials, persistence of screened out effective botanical materials and to develop effective system for preventing the damage of Callosobruchus analis F. in stored green gram, laboratory experiments were conducted during 1990-91. The oviposition by pulse beetle, C. analis F. on gre^ifvgram variety Gujarat Mung-1 was loss than Gujarat Mung- 2 and K-851 but, none of the green gram varieties showed resistance to C. analis F. Further, it was also observed that C. analis F. took more time for its development in Gujarat Mung-2 than Gujarat Mung-1 and K-851. No influence of development period was observed on adult emergence, sex ratio and growth index.The milled green gram (dal) was not suitable for the development of C. analis F. Not a single variety among Gujarat Cowpea-1, Gujarat Cowpea-2, Gujarat Cowpea-82-7 and Pusa jFalguni showed ovipositional preference, resistance, effect on the development period, sex ratio and growth index of C.analis F. Among the various plant materials studied for their relative bio-efflcacy against C.analis F. infestng stored green gram, the powders of Annona squamosa L. (Custard apple) seeds. Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) seeds, Mentha Piperita L. (mint) leaves and Citrus reticulata Blanco, (orange) peels @ 5 parts per 100 parts of green gram grains gave cent per cent adult mortality after 3 days of treatment and also showed good ovipositional deterrent property till 2 months of storage period. Further, no population build up and grain damage was observed till four months of storage period. Whereas, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem) seed Kernels powder (5 per cent) gave maximum protection for a period of three months. All these five botanical materials did not show any adverse effect on the viability of green gram seeds. Further, it was found that the powders of custard apple seeds (1 per cent), black pepper seeds (1 per cent), mint leaves (5 per cent) and orange peels (3 per cent) gave cent per cent protection to the treated green gram grains for a storage period of 5, 4, 1 and 1 months, respectively against C. analis F. infestation. Whereas, neera seed kernels powder (4 per cent) gave good protection for 2 months storage period against C. analis F. damage. All these five effective botanical materials used by preparing 1 cm thick layer at the top surface of stored green gram gave cent per cent protection against C. analis F. damage for the storage period of 4 months.