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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Garlic in Jammu region of J&K
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2021-12) Meenia, Sumita; Kachroo, Jyoti
    Garlic, a monocotyledon plant of Alliaceae family is a species which has been cultivated since ancient times all over the world especially in Asia. Garlic has medicinal properties and it is an important ingredient in the leading cuisines around the world. As a spice, it is utilized in both fresh and dehydrated state in the food industry. China, Korea, India, USA, Spain, Argentina and Egypt are the significant garlic growing nations. The overall production of garlic in the world stood at 284.94 Lakh tonnes for the year 2018 (FAOSTAT, 2019). India is the second largest producer of garlic after China, the area being cultivated 3.52 mha with production of 29.26 MT giving productivity of 8.29 T /ha for the year 2019-20 (Anonymous, 2020). Garlic is cultivated extensively throughout subtropical plains to intermediate higher reaches of Jammu and Kashmir. The production of the UT was 610 MT with a share of 0.06 per cent of the total production of the country in the year 2017-18 (Anonymous, 2019). The major garlic growing areas are Reasi, Jammu, Rajouri, Poonch, Bhaderwah and upper reaches of Udhampur and Kathua districts. In Jammu district itself, an area of 895 ha was cultivated with a production of 15883.10 MT and productivity of 17.74 T/ha (Anonymous, 2020). The study was therefore conducted to assess the economics, resource use and technical efficiency, marketing as well as the constraints associated with the crop in the Jammu region owing to the presence of large area as well as its better quality. Two districts namely Jammu and Reasi were purposively selected on the basis of highest acreage under the crop. A sample size of 120 farmers was selected from four blocks and 12 villages of the region. Primary data was collected using a schedule and the collected data was then analysed. Analysis of data revealed that the total cost when taken as an average for all the four blocks under study was ` 138464.27 while the average returns were found to be ` 156352.87, whereby making garlic a highly profitable crop giving a benefit-cost ratio of 2.05:1 in all the four blocks under study. The resource use efficiency was also analysed, where yield was the dependent variable and the independent variables were seed, human labour, machine labour and manure. For Katra, Reasi, Marh and Bishnah respectively, it was seen that the independent variables were able to explain 93 per cent, 86 per cent, 96 per cent and 82 per cent of the variation in the dependent variables respectively. It was seen that the seed, human labour and manure influenced the yield by 0.69 per cent, 0.32 per cent and 0.72 per cent respectively at 5 per cent level of significance in block Katra. Machine labour and manure were seen to affect the yield by 0.32 per cent and 0.56 per cent with one per cent increase in them respectively in block Reasi. Similarly it was calculated for block Marh, where human labour and manure were found increasing the yield by 0.30 per cent and 0.50 per cent respectively whereas in Bishnah block, seed input and human labour were seen enhancing the yields by 0.42 per cent and 0.66 per cent respectively with a per cent increase in them. The most commonly found marketing channel was the Producer-Retailer-Consumer channel wherein a quantity of 1275 quintals was sold in district Reasi and 1634 quintals in district Jammu. The maximum share of the producer in the consumers’ rupee was found to be ` 0.96 in Reasi and ` 0.94 in Jammu districts for channel I i.e. Producer-Consumer, hence making it the most profitable channel for the producer. It was found that the majority farmers faced the problem of lack of proper knowledge for the production and the Lack of agencies to purchase the product in the marketing of garlic. The other problems being faced by the farmers growing were unavailability of the improved seed, irregular supply of irrigation, unavailability of capital, lack of local input availability etc in the production. In marketing also, the producers do face a lot of problems like dependence on the middle man for disposal, lack of proper prices, lack of risk bearing ability, lack of government facilities, lack of proper transportation etc. Hence, it can be concluded from the study that the crop is highly profitable in the region if befitting technical knowhow is provided to the farmers and resources are optimally utilized for its production. The presence of proper agencies to purchase the product and relatively lesser price fluctuations are required to enhance the area under garlic cultivation in the region.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Irrigation Regimes and Soil Amendments Response on Water Productivity, Soil Properties and Rice Yield
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2021-12) Amjid, Sheikh; Abrol, Vikas
    A pot experiment was conductedduring Kharif of 2020,at the Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry to study the effect of differentsoil amendments(biochar and polymer)on soil properties, growth, yield and water productivity of rice (Basmati-370). The experiment was laid out in 2-factorial CRD with three replications comprising two levels of irrigation viz. I1 (continuously flooded upto 5 cm) and I2 (water deficit) as one factor-I and soil amendments (biochar and PAM alone, as well as in combination with each other, 100 % RDF and control) as factor-II. The soil was sandy clay loam in texture, mildly alkaline in reaction, EC within a safe limits, with a low organic carbon, low available nitrogen, medium phosphorus and potassium. Among the irrigation regimes, continuous flooding proved superior to water deficit irrigation regimes and obtained higher values of growth parameters, grain and biological yield. Increase in almost all the growth parameters resulted in significant improvement in yield attributes which led to the significantly highest grain yield. Sole or combined application of soil amendments (biochar and polymer) along with 100 % RDF through inorganic fertilizers performed better than 100 % RDF alone in terms of shoot and root parameters, crop yield and improvement of soil properties. Treatment B10 PAM10 (10 tons biochar per hectare + 10 kg polyacrylamide per hectare) proved to be a promising combination and recorded significantly higher values for growth parameters, yield attributes, nutrient uptake compared to other treatments. Among the interactive effect of irrigation regimes and soil amendments, conjuctive use of biochar and polymer (B10 PAM10) under water deficit condition improved soil and plant parameters, grain yield and water productivity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Occurrence and management of root rot complex of pea in Jammu Division
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2021-12) Yousuf, Umer; Vaid, Amrish
    Pea (PisumsativumL.), belongs to the family Fabaceae is a self-pollinated annual crop, considered as the second most vital legume crop worldwide after beans. Among the different diseases rot complexis a devastating and challenging disease causing damage to the crop at any stage. Present studies entitled “Occurrence and management of root rot complex of pea in Jammu Division” was conducted at University Research Farm, FoA, Chatha with the objectives to ascertain the status of root rot complex, causal agents involvedand management of the disease through host resistance, cultural practices, biocontrol agents and fungicides. Periodic survey of thirty eight villages in four districts viz., Jammu, Samba, Kathua and Reasi of Jammu division revealed the prevalence of root rot complex at all the locations surveyed. The disease was more prevalent in the month of March and was more destructive in district Samba.Three fungal pathogens viz., F. oxysporumf. sp. pisi, F. solani f. sp. pisiand R. solani were found to be associated with root rot complex of pea. A total of fifty fourgenotypes were tested for resistance against the three isolated pathogensin pot cultures and field conditions. Amongscreened genotypes, Lincoln showed high resistance against all the three tested pathogens. Sowing of crop on different dates in field revealed that late sown crop (10th November) produced the highest seed yield (22.22 q ha-1), whereas early sown crop (10th October) produced the minimum seed yield (18.80 q ha-1). Effect of row to row spacing on disease incidence under field conditions revealed that maximum disease incidence was recorded from the crop sown at a spacing of 20cm,whereas minimum at 50cm row spacing. Seed treatment with fungicides and biocontrol agents revealed significant effect on disease incidence, germination percentage, seed yield and seed index of pea. Among different fungicides Tebuconazoleproved best as it reduced disease incidence to 25.07 per cent with highest germination percentage and seed yield. Among the biocontrol agents seed treatment with T. harzianum proved best with minimum disease incidence of 38.92 per cent, highest germination percentage of 78.19and seed yield of 29.73 q ha-1as compared to control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Real Time Nitrogen Management Using Precision Tools for Enhancing Productivity of Wheat in Irrigated Sub Tropics of Jammu
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu, J&K, 2020-09) Sharma, Aaina; Sharma, Neetu
    An investigation entitled, “Real Time Nitrogen Management Using Precision Tools for Enhancing Productivity of Wheat in Irrigated Sub Tropics of Jammu” was conducted at the Research Farm, Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Main campus, Chatha of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, during the Rabi season of 2018-19. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction (7.82 pH), low in organic carbon (4.73 g/kg) and available nitrogen (224.62 kg/ha) but medium in available phosphorus (18.41 kg/ha) and potassium (149.60 kg/ha). The experiment comprised of 6 treatments viz. control, nitrogen application based on LCC 3, nitrogen application based on LCC 4, nitrogen application based on LCC 5, sufficiency index based nitrogen application and recommended dose of fertilizer (100:50:25:37.5 kg/ha N:P2O5:K2O:S). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications along with one well fertilized plot with 150 per cent recommended dose of nitrogen (150:50:25:37.5 kg/ha N: P2O5: K2O: S) as reference plot for calculating sufficiency index. The wheat crop variety HD-3086 was sown on 23rd November, 2018. Full dose of phosphorus and potassium was applied as basal dose while nitrogen was applied in split doses in all the treatments except control through inorganic sources of nutrients viz. Urea, DAP, MOP and gypsum, respectively, besides these phosphorus was supplemented through SSP in control and to maintain the uniformity of nutrients in all the treatments gypsum was applied additionally in all other treatments. The remaining nitrogen was top dressed as per technical programme of the experiment. The experimental results revealed that LCC 5 based nitrogen application recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers/m2, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield, nutrient uptake by grain and straw, crude protein content and chlorophyll content and it was statistically at par with LCC 4, sufficiency index based nitrogen application and LCC 3. LCC 5 based nitrogen application recorded 134.05 per cent and 13.41 per cent improvement in grain yield of wheat over that of control and recommended dose of fertilizer, respectively. However, the properties of soil after harvest of the crop with respect to organic carbon, available N, P and K did not change significantly in different treatments. LCC 5 based nitrogen application recorded higher gross returns and net returns which was closely followed by LCC 4. However, sufficiency index based nitrogen application recorded B:C ratio of 3.11 which was closely followed by LCC 4 and LCC 5 based nitrogen application with B:C ratio of 3.09 and 3.06 respectively. From one year study, it is inferred that LCC 4 based nitrogen application was found the most suitable dose of nitrogen applied in six splits for yield maximization. However, sufficiency index based nitrogen application was found the most economical treatment as compared to other treatments of LCC based nitrogen application.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of Multicut Oat Cultivars under different Cutting Managements in Irrigated Sub Tropics of Jammu
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Jammu, J&K, 2020-11) Bharti, Akhil; Khajuria, Vijay
    An investigation entitled “Performance of Multicut Oat Cultivars under different Cutting Managements in Irrigated Sub Tropics of Jammu” was conducted at the Research Farm of Division of Agronomy of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Chatha during the Rabi season of 2018-19. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, electrical conductivity in safer range, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen but medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 14 treatments and 3 replications. The seven multicut oat cultivars viz. JHO-99-1, JHO-822, JHO-2010-1, JHO-2009-1, JHO-851, JHO-2000-4 and JHO-992 were sown on 24th November 2018 with two cutting managements. The treatments consisted of oat cultivar JHO-99-1 with cut at 60 DAS and at final harvesting (T1), oat cultivar JHO-822 with cut at 60 DAS and at final harvesting (T2), oat cultivar JHO-2010-1 with cut at 60 DAS and at final harvesting (T3), oat cultivar JHO-2009-1 with cut at 60 DAS and at final harvesting (T4), oat cultivar JHO-851 with cut at 60 DAS and at final harvesting (T5) oat cultivar JHO-2000-4 with cut at 60 DAS and at final harvesting (T6), oat cultivar JHO-992 with cut at 60 DAS and at final harvesting (T7), oat cultivar JHO-99-1 with cuttings at 60 DAS, 105 DAS and at final harvesting (T8), oat cultivar JHO-822 with cuttings at 60 DAS, 105 DAS and at final harvesting (T9), oat cultivar JHO-2010-1 with cuttings at 60 DAS, 105 DAS and at final harvesting (T10), oat cultivar JHO-2009-1 with cuttings at 60 DAS, 105 DAS and at final harvesting (T11), oat cultivar JHO-851 with cuttings at 60 DAS, 105 DAS and at final harvesting (T12), oat cultivar JHO-2000-4 with cuttings at 60 DAS, 105 DAS and at final harvesting (T13), oat cultivar JHO-992 with cuttings at 60 DAS, 105 DAS and at final harvesting (T14). Full dose of P and K along with 1/3rd dose of N was applied as basal dose through inorganic source of nutrients viz. Urea, DAP and MOP respectively. The remaining nitrogen was applied in 2 splits in case of single cut treatments while in 3 splits in double cut treatments. The experiment reveals that cutting management had significant effect on growth parameters, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and relative economics of multicut oat cultivars. At maturity, single cut treatments with cut at 60 DAS recorded higher plant height, dry weight, number of tillers, grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index. While double cut treatments with cut at 60 DAS and 105 DAS recorded higher forage yield, grain equivalent yield, overall higher nutrient uptake and superior relative economics. Among different oat cultivars used in the experiment, JHO-2000-4 found to be the best in both the cutting management systems. In single cut management, it recorded highest grain equivalent yield among all single cut treatments. Similarly, in double cut management oat cultivar JHO-2000-4 recorded significantly highest forage yield (40378 kg ha-1), grain equivalent yield (6683 kg ha-1), higher gross returns (₹ 1,20,293), net returns (₹ 87,651) and superior B:C ratio (2.69). However no significant difference was observed in quality parameters viz. acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre crude protein and hemicellulose. Also, the properties of soil after harvest of the crop with respect to pH, EC, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium did not change significantly by cutting managements. Hence, based on the study of one season, it can be safely concluded that oat cultivar JHO-2000-4 with double cut at vegetative stage at 60 DAS and 105 DAS provided better forage yield, grain equivalent yield and higher economic returns.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Analysis of Heterosis in some Bivoltine Silkworm Hybrids of Bombyx mori L.
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 2018-09) Sharma, Kritika; Bali, Dr. Kamlesh
    The present investigation entitled “Analysis of Heterosis in some Bivoltine Silkworm Hybrids of Bombyx mori L.” was carried out at Division of Sericulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu at Udheywalla to evaluate and identify heterotic bi x bi silkworm hybrid combinations. Six indigenous bivoltine silkworm breeds, ND2, ND3, NSP, U1, CSR2 and JD6 were reared during autumn 2017 and seed of thirty hybrid combinations was prepared. Hybrid CSR2 × CSR4 were taken as control. During spring 2018, rearing of six parents and thirty-one hybrid combinations was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD). Thirty-one treatments including control were replicated thrice with 200 worms per replicate post III rd moult. The evaluation of parents and hybrids was analyzed and heterosis worked out on mid parent value. Ranking of heterotic hybrids was done by Multiple Trait Evaluation Index (E.I.) method. For all the thirty hybrids, estimates for heterosis were worked out as per cent deviation from mid parent value. Different hybrids combinations exhibited significant and desirable heterotic estimate at egg, larval, cocoon and post cocoon stages when compared to check hybrid. Six hybrids viz., ND2 × NSP, ND2 × U1, ND2 × JD6, ND3 × ND2, ND3 × JD6 and NSP × JD6 recorded positive heterosis for egg traits. For larval traits, eight hybrids viz., ND2 × CSR2, ND3 × NSP, ND3 × CSR2, ND3 × JD6, U1 × JD6, CSR2 × ND2, CSR2 × ND3 and JD6 × ND2 were found to be heterotic. For commercially important cocoon parameters like coon yield by weight, by number, good cocoon and pupation percentage, significant heterosis was observed in twenty-three hybrids. Only one hybrid i.e. CSR2 × ND3 exhibited heterosis above than control for single cocoon weight, single shell weight and shell ratio percentage. At post cocoon stage, only three hybrids viz., NSP × ND3, NSP × U1 and CSR2 × ND2 were significantly heterotic. Based on the cumulative E.I. values for fifteen commercial characters, ranking of hybrids was conducted and eight hybrids qualified E.I. value > 50. Hybrid ND2 × CSR2 ranked 1st with maximum E.I. value of 55.53 followed by ND3 × NSP (55.33) and ND2 × NSP (53.93). The control hybrid CSR2 × CSR4 remained at a cumulative E.I. value of 47.16. Thus, based on relative heterosis and Multiple Trait Evaluation Index values for qualitative and quantitative traits, three hybrids ND2 × CSR2, ND2 × NSP and ND3 × NSP were shortlisted and found promising for exploitation at commercial level after validation by multi location field trial.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization and validation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for drought tolerance and its introgression into adapted genotypes
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 2018-07) Chaudhary, Neelam; Dey, Tuhina
    Increased incidence of drought in the scenario of global climate change is imposing challenge to genetically improve wheat for stable production under water stress conditions. Realizing the importance of drought stress on the production and productivity of wheat, the present investigation entitled “Characterization and validation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for drought tolerance and its introgression into adapted genotypes,” was undertaken with the idea to develop breeding lines with enhanced drought tolerance using elite donor lines identified through characterization and screening of a diverse set of wheat germplasm. Ninety three wheat genotypes procured from different global resources were characterized for morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular traits related to drought tolerance. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of highly significant variation among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Genotypes 45th IBWSN 1048, 45th IBWSN 1166, C 306, Sonalika, PBW 175, PBW 644 and RSP 81 had superior mean performance for maximum number of traits. Grain yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with flag leaf area, spike length and chlorophyll content. The ninety three genotypes were clustered into ten distant non-overlapping clusters. Cluster II, III, IV, V and VI were considered most desirable for selecting the genotypes for use in hybridization. Polymorphism obtained with the four SSR markers used Xwmc89, Xgwm382, Srap15 and Srap64, suggest the highest PIC value of 0.42 observed in Xwmc89, while lowest of 0.28 was observed in Xwmc382. A total of 15 alleles were amplified with a range of 3 to 5 alleles per locus, and a mean value of 3.75 alleles per locus. Mean performance of morpho-physiological traits and clustering through multivariate analysis and molecular clustering identified twenty five genotypes as drought tolerant. SOD activity of these twenty five lines were further established and WH 1021, IC 296743 (Halna) and C 306 to be most tolerant. Twenty lines and four testers were used for introgression following line x tester mating design. Genetic studies on twenty four parents (twenty lines and four testers), their eighty F1s and eighty F2s were performed with an objective to identify the suitable parents and desirable hybrid combinations. The estimates of combining ability indicated that variance due to specific combining ability was higher than general combining ability for all the traits in both the generations indicating the predominance of non-additive genetic variance. For grain yield per plant, lines DPW 621-50, PBW 550, WHD 948, WH 1021, Sonalika and Kundan in F1 and RGP 21, 45th IBWSN 1116, 45th IBWSN 1166, 45th IBWSN 1194, DPW 621-50, PBW 550 and Kundan in F2 population exhibited positive general combining ability effects. The crosses involving parents RGP 21, 45th IBWSN 1194, DPW 621-50, PBW 550, Sonalika and Kundan may be expected to yield transgressive segregants in segregating generations. The best and most promising specific combination was LGM 150 x RSP 81 in F1 and IC 31488A x RSP 81 in F2 generation with highest positive specific combining ability for grain yield per plant. Cross combination IC 31488A x PBW 644 had significant SCA effects for most of the traits. 45th IBWSN 1036 x WH 1080 exhibited the highest significant desirable heterosis for grain yield per plant. DPW 621-50 x PBW 175 proved to be a good combiner simultaneously for all traits studied in F1 generation. RGP 2 x PBW 175, 45th IBWSN 1194 x PBW 644, Sonalika x RSP 81, LGM 150 x PBW 175, LGM 150 x RSP 81 were best combiners with heterotic effects for grain yield and morpho-physiological traits related to drought tolerance in F1 generation which can be used further for selection of stable elite lines in advanced segregating generations. Molecular studies in the 80 F3 improved lines revealed 10 lines pyramided with all four drought related QTLs (grain yield, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability traits) which are indicators of drought tolerance in wheat. Eight of the thirty six back crosses attempted indicated introgression for grain yield and drought related traits. 45th IBWSN 1048 /RSP 81// RSP 81 indicated introgression for grain yield and other eight traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICO-BIOCHEMICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY REPEATED ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF METALAXYL IN WISTAR RATS
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2013) Naseem, Sania; Sultana, Mudasir
    The present study was designed to evaluate haemato-biochemical alterations, oxidative stress parameters, hepatotoxicity and reproductive abnormalities induced by the chronic exposure of metalaxyl fungicide in Wistar rats of both sexes. Rats of 100-200 g body weight (b.wt) were divided into four groups of twenty animals each and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimes for 98 days. Group I and group II served as control male and female respectively, receiving only distilled water orally, whereas group III and IV received metalaxyl @ 75 mg/kg b.wt daily in distilled water. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in Hb, TEC, TLC, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and neutrophil count was observed in metalaxyl exposed group, whereas, lymphocyte counts and ESR values of were significantly (P<0.05) increased. Total serum proteins, albumin and globulin levels revealed a significant decrease while AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, Serum creatinine, BUN, cholesterol and triglycerides were increased significantly (P<0.05) in the treatment groups as compared to the controls. Metalaxyl caused marked elevation in malondialdehyde and GST whereas, a significant decrease in SOD, glutathione, GPx and catalase activities were observed. A significant decrease was observed in sperm count, viability and motility. Further live pups per litter and pup weights were also decreased significantly in exposed groups. Histopathologically, liver revealed congested central vein with bridging fibrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. Kidneys also revealed congested glomerular capillaries. Ovaries and uterus showed architectural distortion and atresia of follicles, degeneration and necrosis of endometrium. Testes also showed architectural distortion mainly of developing sperms, inter-epithelial edema in epididymis and seminal vesiculitis represented by leukocytic infiltration. Keywords: Metalaxyl, Haemato-biochemical, Hepatotoxicity, Oxidative stress Reproductive.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CONTRACT FARMING OF BASMATI RICE IN JAMMU DIVISION
    (Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2016) Sharma, Parvani; Nanda, Rakesh
    Contract farming is one among several possible interfaces between crop cultivation and its processing and consumption. It is a powerful means of introduction of new crops or farm technologies, especially when both marketing and production uncertainties predominate. To find out the impact on farmers there is a need to assess the factors which influence contract farmers to join contract farming. As this may help other farmers and company to enter into a new venture. Therefore, the present study entitled "Impact assessment of contract farming of basmati rice in Jammu division" was undertaken to assess to study the impact of contract farming on basmati growers. Quasi experimental equivalent control group research design was employed for the study. Random sampling technique was used for selecting the sample of contract and non-contract farmers. The total sample size was 100 contract farmers and 100 non-contract farmers. Thus, making a total sample of 200. Interview schedule was used for the collection of data. Summated Rating Scale was employed to measure the attitude of the contract farmers towards contract farming. The significance difference was observed between the contract and non-contract farmers in case of unirrigated land (t= 4.254, p=0.05), family size (t=2.830, p=0.05), average number of children (t=6.08, p=0.05), occupation (t=2.388, p=0.016). However, insignificant in terms of age, education, caste, irrigated land and farming experience. The contract farmers were creativity well off as compare to non-contract farmers, because of more number of farm inventories possessed by contract farmers. Education, irrigated land and agriculture + sources were important factors which affected their decision to adopt contract farming. More benefits were availed by the contract farmers as compare to non-contract farmers. The income pattern of the contract farmers was more than that of non-contract farmers. Improved living standard was important benefit as 90% of contract farmers placed it rank first but non-contract farmers perceived it on rank second (74%). The major constraints which were faced by the contract farmers were non-adoption of the contract farming by the government agency, irregular payment, no increment in price. But non-contract farmers perceived the constraints of irregular payment, non-adoption of contract farming by government extension agency and poor technical assistance by contract firm. This study provides an empirical feedback to research and extension endeavors to promote contract farming on large scale.