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ThesisItem Open Access Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Garlic in Jammu region of J&K(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2021-12) Meenia, Sumita; Kachroo, JyotiGarlic, a monocotyledon plant of Alliaceae family is a species which has been cultivated since ancient times all over the world especially in Asia. Garlic has medicinal properties and it is an important ingredient in the leading cuisines around the world. As a spice, it is utilized in both fresh and dehydrated state in the food industry. China, Korea, India, USA, Spain, Argentina and Egypt are the significant garlic growing nations. The overall production of garlic in the world stood at 284.94 Lakh tonnes for the year 2018 (FAOSTAT, 2019). India is the second largest producer of garlic after China, the area being cultivated 3.52 mha with production of 29.26 MT giving productivity of 8.29 T /ha for the year 2019-20 (Anonymous, 2020). Garlic is cultivated extensively throughout subtropical plains to intermediate higher reaches of Jammu and Kashmir. The production of the UT was 610 MT with a share of 0.06 per cent of the total production of the country in the year 2017-18 (Anonymous, 2019). The major garlic growing areas are Reasi, Jammu, Rajouri, Poonch, Bhaderwah and upper reaches of Udhampur and Kathua districts. In Jammu district itself, an area of 895 ha was cultivated with a production of 15883.10 MT and productivity of 17.74 T/ha (Anonymous, 2020). The study was therefore conducted to assess the economics, resource use and technical efficiency, marketing as well as the constraints associated with the crop in the Jammu region owing to the presence of large area as well as its better quality. Two districts namely Jammu and Reasi were purposively selected on the basis of highest acreage under the crop. A sample size of 120 farmers was selected from four blocks and 12 villages of the region. Primary data was collected using a schedule and the collected data was then analysed. Analysis of data revealed that the total cost when taken as an average for all the four blocks under study was ` 138464.27 while the average returns were found to be ` 156352.87, whereby making garlic a highly profitable crop giving a benefit-cost ratio of 2.05:1 in all the four blocks under study. The resource use efficiency was also analysed, where yield was the dependent variable and the independent variables were seed, human labour, machine labour and manure. For Katra, Reasi, Marh and Bishnah respectively, it was seen that the independent variables were able to explain 93 per cent, 86 per cent, 96 per cent and 82 per cent of the variation in the dependent variables respectively. It was seen that the seed, human labour and manure influenced the yield by 0.69 per cent, 0.32 per cent and 0.72 per cent respectively at 5 per cent level of significance in block Katra. Machine labour and manure were seen to affect the yield by 0.32 per cent and 0.56 per cent with one per cent increase in them respectively in block Reasi. Similarly it was calculated for block Marh, where human labour and manure were found increasing the yield by 0.30 per cent and 0.50 per cent respectively whereas in Bishnah block, seed input and human labour were seen enhancing the yields by 0.42 per cent and 0.66 per cent respectively with a per cent increase in them. The most commonly found marketing channel was the Producer-Retailer-Consumer channel wherein a quantity of 1275 quintals was sold in district Reasi and 1634 quintals in district Jammu. The maximum share of the producer in the consumers’ rupee was found to be ` 0.96 in Reasi and ` 0.94 in Jammu districts for channel I i.e. Producer-Consumer, hence making it the most profitable channel for the producer. It was found that the majority farmers faced the problem of lack of proper knowledge for the production and the Lack of agencies to purchase the product in the marketing of garlic. The other problems being faced by the farmers growing were unavailability of the improved seed, irregular supply of irrigation, unavailability of capital, lack of local input availability etc in the production. In marketing also, the producers do face a lot of problems like dependence on the middle man for disposal, lack of proper prices, lack of risk bearing ability, lack of government facilities, lack of proper transportation etc. Hence, it can be concluded from the study that the crop is highly profitable in the region if befitting technical knowhow is provided to the farmers and resources are optimally utilized for its production. The presence of proper agencies to purchase the product and relatively lesser price fluctuations are required to enhance the area under garlic cultivation in the region.